1. (Ufms 2020) On Earth, something is always burning. Wildfires
are started by lightning or accidentally by people, and people use controlled
fires to manage farmland and pasture and clear natural vegetation for farmland.
Fires can generate large amounts of smoke pollution, release greenhouse gases,
and unintentionally degrade ecosystems. But fires can also clear away dead and
dying underbrush, which can help restore an ecosystem to good health. In many
ecosystems, including boreal forests and grasslands, plants have coevolved with
fire and require periodic burning to reproduce.
Some of the global patterns
that appear in the fire maps over time are the result of natural cycles of rainfall,
dryness, and lightning. For example, naturally occurring fires are common in the
boreal forests of Canada in the summer. In other parts of the world, the
patterns are the result of human activity. For example, the intense burning
in the heart of South America from August-October is a result of
human-triggered fires, both intentional and accidental, in the Amazon
Rainforest and the Cerrado (a grassland/savanna ecosystem) to the south. Across
Africa, a band of widespread agricultural burning sweeps north to south over
the continent as the dry season progresses each year. Agricultural burning
occurs in late winter and early spring each year across Southeast Asia
(Fonte: Adaptado. Disponível em: <https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/globalmaps/MOD14A1_M_FIRE>. Acesso em: 14 nov. 2019).
Considering the sentence:
“On Earth, something is always burning. Wildfires are started by lightning or accidentally by people, and people use controlled fires to manage farmland and pasture and clear natural vegetation for farmland. Fires can generate large amounts of smoke pollution, release greenhouse gases, and unintentionally degrade ecosystems. But fires can also clear away dead and dying underbrush, which can help restore an ecosystem to good health,” from the text, choose the correct alternative.
The underlined words are …, respectively,
a) a preposition and an interjection.
b) an adverb and a conjunction.
c) a conjunction and a preposition.
d) a verb and a noun.
e) a conjunction and an adjective.
2. (Eear 2019) It was a beautiful summer afternoon with the sun shining brightly. I excitedly
phoned my friends asking them to come over later for a barbecue.
After
making the calls I quickly drove into town to buy some food and drink.
__________ I arrived at the shops I was very surprised at __________ busy it
was. Everyone must have been shopping for a barbecue!
The first
butchers I visited had completely run out of sausages. The next shop had some
left so I happily bought some. After visiting a few more shops I had finally
finished my shopping. But I was starting to worry as it was 6 p.m. and I had
invited my friends to visit at 6:30 p.m.
I hastly
rushed to the car park with all of my shopping and threw it in the boot.
Suddenly I notice that the cars were moving really slowly out of the car
park and there was a bit of traffic jam. It was past 6:30 p.m. __________ I
arrived home and I was extremely worried. As a drove into my drive I smiled happily
when I saw my friends sitting in my front garden. Luckily they had realized
I was stuck at the shops and they waited for me.
Fonte: www.bbc.co.uk/skillswise
The four words in bold, in the text, are:
a) Nouns
b) Adverbs
c) Pronouns
d) Adjectives
3. (Efomm 2018) Mark the
correct alternative.
a) You have made me be a happy man.
b) I don’t know enough of French to read this.
c) I got a
grandmother last month.
d) She spoke very
fast that nobody could understand.
e) He’s from Austin, as you can tell from this accent.
4. (G1 - epcar (Cpcar) 2018) SOME OF THE INTERNET'S CRAZIEST CONSPIRACY THEORIES
Michael Jackson
Is Still Alive
1The advent of the internet hasn't just 2cooked up new conspiracy theories, it's also accelerated existing ones. If you refuse to believe that it was the Iranians that killed him, perhaps you'll be convinced that MJ is actually still alive. Proof? 3His own daughter Paris Jackson took a photo of him. Seriously. What do you mean you don't see him? 4He's right there in the back seat, 5stacked under that pile of clothes wearing his iconic hat. Believe, man. Thriller Vol.2 to drop next year.
The Moon
Doesn't Exist
It's no good looking at it, night after
night. The moon doesn't exist. It's a hologram, put there by persons unknown.
Of course, serial conspiracy theorist David Icke has a theory. There are also
countless YouTubers keeping an eye out, one of whom has gone as far as "looking
at it regularly for a year".
Jay Z Is A Time-Travelling Vampire
There are vast regions of the internet devoted to explaining why Jay Z is part of the Illuminati. 6Hence when this photo, which was taken in New York in 1939, appeared last year, he was accused of being a time-traveller. And a vampire. This video lists other old-time celebrity 7lookalikes, as well as suggesting that 8Hollywood stars don't age because they're the immortal bloodsucking undead. Not because they're 9stuffed with botox, then?
The Earth Is
Hollow
10Don't give up, readers. We're halfway through this list. We can make it to the end. 11Dig deep. Well, not 12too deep. You see, the Earth is 13hollow and accessible via portals at the north and south poles. Luckily though, it's quite habitable down there, providing excellent living 14quarters for the lost Viking colonies of Greenland and the Nazis, while "aliens" are in fact just visitors from the subterranean areas.
Siri Can Predict The Apocalypse
Amazing as it may seem, given that 15it can't do anything else you actually ask it to do, Siri can predict the apocalypse. When asked "What day is 27th July 2014?", Apple's assistant replied, "The opening of the gate of Hades", 16aka The End Of The World. That date has now passed without 17issue. Say what you like about the maligned MS Office paperclip, but at least he didn't 18scaremonger that the end was near.
19We All Live In
The Matrix And Billionaires Want To Break Us Out Of It
The New Yorker’s Tad Friend claims that many people in Silicon Valley are obsessed with the idea that we're all living in a Matrix-like simulation, and some are taking that obsession a stage 20further: “Two tech billionaires have gone so far as to secretly engage scientists to work on breaking us out of the simulation.” Here's hoping Mark Zuckerberg is 'The One', yeah?
Hitler Is Still
Alive
"21Hitler is still
alive" rumours have circulated since the 1970s, fuelled by the fact that
his crony Josef Mengele hid in South America. Stories like this one, however,
speculate the 125-year-old Hitler has been responsible for various world disasters,
including 9/11 and the 2010 Gulf oil spill, which happened on his birthday.
Other theories say he died in 1984 in Brazil, aged 94. Or in Argentina, aged
73.
Adapted from
http://www.shortlist.com/entertainment/20-of-the-internets-craziestconspiracy-theories/.
Acesso em: 14 de fev 2017.
Glossary:
2. cook up – to invent a story, a plan, etc.
5. stacked – covered with things
6. hence – the reason, the explanation for
7. lookalikes – similar in appearance
9. stuffed – filled with something
11. dig – to make a hole in the ground
13. hollow – a hole or empty space
14. quarter – a place to live
16. aka – abbreviation for also known as
17. issue – problem
18. scaremonger – a person that creates stories that cause public fear
Mark the alternative that CANNOT replace the word “too” (reference 12) in the text.
a) Extremely.
b) Also.
c) Very.
d) So.
5. (Unesp 2018) Examine a tira para responder à questão a seguir.
No trecho do terceiro quadrinho “We’re not that dumb!”, o termo em destaque pode ser substituído, sem alteração de sentido, por
a) so.
b) which.
c) over.
d) more.
e) quite.
6. (Col. naval 2017) Match the questions to the answers.
1. Are you on vacation?
2. Where’s she from?
3. Are you and Ana married?
4. Is Julian Italian?
( ) Yes,
we are.
( ) She’s
from Italy.
( ) No,
she isn’t.
( ) No, I’m not.
Choose the option with the correct order.
a) 3 – 2 – 4 – 1
b) 1 – 2 – 4 – 3
c) 3 – 4 – 2 – 1
d) 1 – 4 – 2 – 3
e) 1 – 4 – 3 – 2
7. (Col. naval 2017) Read the sentences below.
I. I work hardly every day.
II. My classmates speak French very well.
III. Ana drives incredibly fast.
IV. Our father is a very carefully driver.
Choose the option according to the correct use of
the adverbs and modifiers.
a) Only the sentences I, III and IV are correct.
b) Only the sentences I and III are correct.
c) Only the sentences II and III are correct.
d) Only the sentences II, III and IV are correct.
e) Only the sentences III and IV are correct.
8. (Eear 2016) In the sentence “Maria learns fast”, the word
“fast”, in bold type, is
a) a noun
b) an article
c) an adverb
d) an adjective
9. (Udesc 2015) 'Twerking' bounces into Oxford dictionary
LONDON
– Twerking, the rump-busting up-and-down dance move long beloved on America's
hip-hop scene, has officially gone mainstream. 5It's got the English
dictionary entry to prove it.
Britain's
Oxford Dictionaries said the rapid-fire gyrations employed by U.S. pop starlet
Miley Cyrus to bounce her way to the top of the charts had become 3increasingly
visible in the past 12 months and would be added to its publications under the
entry: "Twerk, verb."
Although Cyrus's eye-popping moves at Monday's MTV
Video Music Awards may have been many viewers' first introduction to the
practice, Oxford Dictionaries' Katherine Connor Martin said
"twerking" was some two decades old.
"There
are many theories about the origin of this word, and since it arose in oral
use, we may never know the answer for sure," Martin said. "We think
the most likely theory is that it is an alteration of work, because that word
has a history of 4being used in similar ways, with dancers being
encouraged to 'work it.' The 't' could be a result of blending with another
word such as twist or twitch."
"Twerk"
will be added to the dictionary as part of its quarterly update, 1which
includes words such as "selfie," the word typically used to
describe pouty smartphone self-portraits, "digital detox" for time
spent way from Facebook and Twitter, and "Bitcoin," for the
nationless electronic currency, 2whose gyrations have also
caught the world's eye.
Oxford
Dictionaries is responsible for a range of reference works, including Oxford
Dictionaries Online, which focuses on modern usage, and the
historically-focused Oxford English Dictionary, which probably won't be adding
"twerk" to its venerable pages any time soon.
The
definition: "Twerk, v.: dance to popular music in a sexually 6provocative
manner involving thrusting hip movements and a low, squatting stance."
By RAPHAEL SATTER Associated Press (www.mercurynews.com) Accessed on: august 10th, 2014.
“increasingly”
(ref. 3), “being” (ref. 4), “It’s got” (ref. 5), “provocative” (ref. 6) are
consecutively:
a) adverb, gerund, present perfect, adjective
b) adverb, present continuous, is, adverb
c) adjective, present continuous, was, adjective
d) adverb, gerund, present perfect, verb
e) adverb, gerund, possessive case, adverb
10. (Epcar (Afa) 2013) BRAZILIAN AIR FORCE ACADEMY
AFA (Air
Force Academy), located at Pirassununga, State of São Paulo, is responsible
for the training of Pilots, Administrative and Aeronautics Infantry Officers
for the Brazilian Air Force.
The history of the Brazilian military pilots
schools goes back to 1913, when the Brazilian
Aviation School was founded, at Campo
dos Afonsos, State of Rio de Janeiro. Its mission was to provide
instruction at similar levels to those of the best European schools at the
time; Blériot and Farman aircraft, made in France, were
available for the instruction of the pupils. The Great War 1914-1918, however,
forced its instructors to leave and the school was closed.
At that time, both the Brazilian Army and Navy
had their own air arms, the Military
Aviation and the Naval Aviation.
The Navy bought Curtiss F seaplanes
in May 1916 to equip the latter, and in August of the same year, the Naval Aviation School was created.
The Military
Aviation, however, only activated its Military Aviation School after the Great
War, on 10 July 1919. Among the aircrafts used at the school, one could find
the Sopwith 1A2, Bréguet 14A2, and Spad 7.
Until the beginning of the 1940s, both schools
continued with their activities. 1The Brazilian Government was
concerned with the air war in Europe and decided to concentrate under a single
command the military aviation activities. 6Thus, on 20 January 1941,
the Air Ministry was created and both the Army and Navy air arms were
disbanded, their personnel and equipment forming the Brazilian Air Force. On 25 March 1941, the Aeronautics School was based at Campo dos Afonsos, and its students
became known as Aeronautics Cadets
from 1943 to the current days.
As early as 1942, it became clear that the Aeronautics School would need to be
transferred to another place, offering better climate and little interference
with the flight instruction of the future pilots. 2The town of
Pirassununga was chosen among others, and, in 1952, the first buildings
construction was initiated. The transfer of the School activities to
Pirassununga occurred from 1960 to 1971. 3The School was redesigned
as the Air Force Academy in 1969.
The motto of the Academy is the Latin expression “Macte Animo! Generose Puer, sic itur ad
astra”, extracted from the poem Thebaida,
by the Roman poet Tatius. It is an exhortation to the cadets, which can be
translated as Courage! This is the way,
oh noble youngster, to the stars.
The instruction of the Aeronautics Cadets, during the four-year-long course, has its activities centred in the words COURAGE – LOYALTY – HONOUR – DUTY – MOTHERLAND. The future officers take courses on several subjects, including Calculus, Computer Science, Mechanics, Portuguese and English, given by civilian lecturers, Air Force instructors and supervisors. The military instruction itself is given on a daily basis, and 4the Cadets are trained on different subjects, including parachuting, and sea and jungle survival.
According to the chosen specialization, the Cadet
will receive specific instruction:
Pilots: Instruction on precision maneuvering, aerobatics, formation flying and
by instruments, with 75 flying hours on the primary/basic training aircraft
T-25 Universal, beginning on the 2nd term of the 1st year and completed in the
3rd year. Advanced training is given on T-27 Tucano aircraft, with 125 flying
hours.
Administrative: Training on the scientific and technological modern foundations of
economics and financial management, and logistics training.
Aeronautics Infantry: Instruction on defense and security techniques of
military Aeronautics installations,
anti-aircraft measures, command of troops and firefighting teams, military laws
and regulations, armament usage, military service and call-up procedures.
During their leisure time, the Cadets participate
on the activities of seven different clubs: Aeromodelling,
Literature, Informatics, Firearms
shooting, Gauchos Heritage (for
those coming from the South of Brazil), Gerais
Club and Sail Flying. The clubs
are directed by the Cadets themselves, under supervision of Air Force officers.
The Academy also houses the Brazilian Air Force Air Demonstration Squadron – The Smoke Squadron.
Flying as the eagles do!
Adapted from http://www.rudnei.cunha.nom.br/FAB/en/afa.html
The sentence “The Military
Aviation […] activated its Military
Aviation School after the Great War […]” can be rewritten, with the same
meaning, as _________.
a) during the Great War the Military Aviation
activated its Military Aviation School.
b) by the time the Military Aviation activated its
Military Aviation School, the Great War had already finished.
c) the Great War finished when the Military Aviation
activated its Military Aviation School.
d) the Military Aviation activated its Military Aviation School through the Great War.
11. (Unesp 2013) Examine
os anúncios para responder à questão.
Nos anúncios, as palavras use, you, need, electricity e wisely são exemplos, respectivamente, de
a) substantivo, pronome, verbo,
substantivo e advérbio.
b) verbo, pronome, verbo, substantivo e advérbio.
c) substantivo, adjetivo, verbo, substantivo e
adjetivo.
d) verbo, pronome, verbo, adjetivo e
adjetivo.
e) substantivo, pronome, substantivo, adjetivo e
advérbio.
12. (Unesp
2013) Brazil wants to count trees in
the Amazon rainforest By
Channtal Fleischfresser February
11, 2013

Brazil is home to roughly 60 percent of the Amazon, about half of what remains of the world’s tropical rainforests. And now, the country has plans to count its trees. A vast undertaking, the new National Forest Inventory hopes to gain “a broad panorama of the quality and the conditions in the forest cover”, according to Brazil’s Forestry Minister Antonio Carlos Hummel
The census, set to take place over the next four yearsand registering the number, height, diameter, and species of the trees, among other dat, will scour 3,288,000 square miles, sampling 20,000 points at 20 kilometer intervals a.
The initiative, aimed to better allocate resources to the country’s forests, is part of a large-scale turnaround in Brazil’s relationship to its forests. While it once had one of the worst rates of deforestation in the world, last year only 1,797 square miles of the Amazon were destroyed – a reduction of nearly 80% compared to 2004.
(www.smartplanet.com. Adaptado.)
No trecho do primeiro
parágrafo – Brazil is home to roughly 60 percent of the Amazon –,
a palavra roughly equivale, emportuguês, a
a) evidentemente.
b) exatamente.
c) aquém.
d) além de.
e) cerca de.
13. (Mackenzie 2013) The following text refers to question(s).
DO YOU WANT TO KNOW A SECRET? John Lennon & Paul McCartney Recorded 11 February 1963
Given away simultaneously to fellow
Brian Epstein protégé Billy J.Kramer (for a hit single), and to George
Harrinson (for this LP), “Do You Want To Know A Secret?” was a Lennon
composition – inspired by a line he remembered from a Disney song that his
mother used to sing. “I thought it would be a good vehicle for George because
it only had three notes and he wasn’t the best singer in the world,” Lennon
explained ___(I)___ in later years.

The word that properly fills in blank (I) in the text is
a) charitable.
b) chariting.
c) charitingly.
d) charitably.
e) charitily.
14. (Unifesp 2012) Longevity: Habits May Extend Life Only So Much
By Nicholas Bakalar August 8, 2011
The eating, drinking and exercise habits of extremely old but healthy people differ little from those of the rest of us, a new study has found. Gerontologists at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine recruited 477 Ashkenazi Jews ages 95 to 112 who were living independently. The researchers took blood samples, did physical examinations and obtained detailed personal and medical histories from each participant. Then they compared them with 1,374 non-Hispanic white adults, ages 65 to 74, from the general population. For both men and women, consumption of alcohol, amount of physical activity and the percentage of people on low-calorie or low-salt diets were almost identical in the two groups.
Long-lived men were less likely to be obese than their younger counterparts, although no less likely to be overweight. The oldest women were more likely to be overweight and less likely to be obese. More men among the oldest were nonsmokers, but smoking habits were not significantly different among the women.
____1_____ that it all depends on genes, and we might as well eat, drink and be merry? No, according to the senior author, Dr. Nir Barzilai, director of the Institute for Aging Research at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. “For most of us who ___2____ genes for longevity,” he said, “if you follow the healthy lifestyle the medical community has put forth, you are ____3_____ to live past 80.”
The study was published online last week in The Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.
(www.nytimes.com. Adaptado.)
Assinale a
alternativa que completa corretamente a lacuna 3 do texto.
a) less likely
b) can’t like
c) much more likely
d) even more like
e) least probable
15. (Ita 2012) 2045: The Year Man Becomes Immortal
By Lev Grossman
(…), Kurzweil believes that we’re approaching a moment when computers will become intelligent, and not just intelligent but more intelligent than humans. When that happens, humanity – our bodies, our minds, our civilization – will be completely and irreversibly transformed. He believes that this moment is not only inevitable but imminent. According to his calculations, the end of human civilization as we know it is about 35 years away.
Computers are getting faster. Everybody knows that. Also, computers are getting faster faster – that is, the rate at which they’re getting faster is increasing.
True? True.
So if computers are getting so much faster, so incredibly fast, there might conceivably come a moment when they are capable of something comparable to human intelligence. Artificial intelligence. All that horsepower could be put in the service of emulating whatever it is our brains are doing when they create consciousness – not just doing arithmetic very quickly or composing piano music but also driving cars, writing books, making ethical decisions, appreciating fancy paintings, making witty observations at cocktail parties.
If you can swallow that idea, and
Kurzweil and a lot of other very smart people can, then all bets are off. 1From
that point on, there’s no reason to think computers would stop getting more
powerful. 2They would keep on developing until they were far
more intelligent than we are. Their rate of development would also continue to
increase, because they would take over their own development from their
slower-thinking human creators. Imagine a computer scientist that was itself a
super-intelligent computer. It would work incredibility quickly. It could draw
on huge amounts of data effortlessly. It wouldn’t even take breaks to play
Farmville.(…)
http://www.time.com/printout/0,8816,2048138,00.html. Acesso em 07/04/2011. Adaptado.
Na sentença They would keep on developing until they were far more intelligent than we are (ref. 2), o vocábulo grifado poderia ser substituído por
a) far away.
b) incredible.
c) much.
d) distant.
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