tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-55385221594174758352024-03-12T18:42:29.535-04:00Portal do VestibulandoO espaço virtual do estudante!Portal do Vestibulandohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03466686065222700679noreply@blogger.comBlogger210125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5538522159417475835.post-32596758418965552542023-12-31T08:39:00.002-04:002023-12-31T08:39:13.991-04:00Como estudar com eficiência?<p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em; white-space-collapse: preserve;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7ApLTEFp5G7w3UzbNMWSp4PqnGxIxftIzfB492LNkhqzOrYP8CUJqQlRLxeP8YZJE8ahrypqISdU4ZxDm1h1U0PlPHFLKVfNtbMEP9LBVBOa_hM3PC1Dkicb8iuL1ub3aZQAQ8wewKseOB_2_1ayUVwx2-FIYYKC_G4uBR5w0sfBV_rhaLLuYr4f7LqlU/s720/como_estudar_com_eficiencia_Prancheta-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="525" data-original-width="720" height="292" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7ApLTEFp5G7w3UzbNMWSp4PqnGxIxftIzfB492LNkhqzOrYP8CUJqQlRLxeP8YZJE8ahrypqISdU4ZxDm1h1U0PlPHFLKVfNtbMEP9LBVBOa_hM3PC1Dkicb8iuL1ub3aZQAQ8wewKseOB_2_1ayUVwx2-FIYYKC_G4uBR5w0sfBV_rhaLLuYr4f7LqlU/w400-h292/como_estudar_com_eficiencia_Prancheta-1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><br /></span><p></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em; text-align: justify; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;"> A eficácia das formas de estudar pode variar de pessoa para pessoa, pois cada um tem seu próprio estilo de aprendizagem. No entanto, aqui estão algumas estratégias que geralmente são consideradas eficazes para melhorar o processo de estudo:</span></p><ol style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; counter-reset: list-number 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; list-style: none; margin: 1.25em 0px; padding: 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Organização e Planejamento:</span></span></p><ul style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Crie um cronograma de estudos realista e organizado.</span></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Utilize um planejador ou aplicativos para acompanhar prazos e tarefas.</span></li></ul></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Ambiente de Estudo Adequado:</span></span></p><ul style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Escolha um local de estudo tranquilo e livre de distrações.</span></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Garanta que o ambiente tenha boa iluminação e seja confortável.</span></li></ul></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Defina Metas Claras:</span></span></p><ul style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Estabeleça metas de estudo específicas e mensuráveis.</span></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Divida tarefas maiores em objetivos menores e mais gerenciáveis.</span></li></ul></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Atenção à Saúde:</span></span></p><ul style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Cuide da sua saúde física e mental, garantindo uma boa alimentação, sono adequado e exercícios regulares.</span></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Faça pausas durante o estudo para evitar fadiga.</span></li></ul></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Ativação do Conhecimento Prévio:</span></span></p><ul style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Conecte novas informações ao conhecimento prévio para facilitar a compreensão.</span></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Faça revisões frequentes para reforçar a aprendizagem.</span></li></ul></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Diversificação de Métodos de Estudo:</span></span></p><ul style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Utilize diferentes métodos de estudo, como leitura, resumos, mapas mentais, flashcards e ensino a outras pessoas.</span></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Experimente técnicas de estudo ativas, como resolver problemas e ensinar o conteúdo para si mesmo.</span></li></ul></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Participação Ativa em Aulas:</span></span></p><ul style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Participe ativamente das aulas, fazendo perguntas e envolvendo-se nas discussões.</span></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Revise os materiais da aula regularmente.</span></li></ul></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Grupos de Estudo:</span></span></p><ul style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Junte-se a grupos de estudo para compartilhar conhecimentos e obter diferentes perspectivas.</span></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Ensine e discuta conceitos com colegas de estudo.</span></li></ul></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Tecnologia Educacional:</span></span></p><ul style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Utilize recursos online, como vídeos educativos, tutoriais e plataformas de aprendizagem.</span></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Explore aplicativos e ferramentas que possam aprimorar o aprendizado.</span></li></ul></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Feedback e Autoavaliação:</span></span></p><ul style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Peça feedback de professores ou colegas e use-o para melhorar.</span></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Realize autoavaliações regulares para identificar áreas de melhoria.</span></li></ul></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;"><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Controle do Estresse:</span></span></p><ul style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px;"><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Adote técnicas de gerenciamento de estresse, como meditação e respiração profunda.</span></li><li style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Mantenha uma atitude positiva e pratique o autocuidado.</span></li></ul></li></ol><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px; text-align: justify; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Adaptar essas estratégias às suas preferências individuais pode aumentar significativamente a eficácia do seu estudo. Experimente diferentes abordagens e ajuste conforme necessário para encontrar o que funciona melhor para você.</span></p>Portal do Vestibulandohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03466686065222700679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5538522159417475835.post-35223714086518840022023-07-04T14:08:00.007-04:002023-07-04T14:08:53.033-04:00Absolutismo - Sociedade do Antigo Regime - Aula para baixar<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="486" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/key/lVsztHEdFHozf9?startSlide=1" style="border-width: 1px; border: 1px solid #CCC; margin-bottom: 5px; max-width: 100%;" width="100%"></iframe><div style="margin-bottom: 5px;"><strong><a href="https://www.slideshare.net/jaugustoss/absolutismo-66153806" target="_blank" title="Absolutismo">Absolutismo</a></strong> por <strong><a href="https://www.slideshare.net/jaugustoss" target="_blank">Portal do Vestibulando</a></strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;">A maioria dos materiais aqui postados foram produzidos pela equipe do Portal do Vestibulando. Alguns, entretanto, foram coletados na internet e dados os devidos créditos, quando possível. Caso algum material seja produção sua, informe-nos para incluirmos os créditos ou deletarmos.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmHkh17WgCE6PQHFJShED1rpt4C1ZJrLknbmjYxRc0fI9Xv67dRRylO_3pojGMlhAoh-jLOsvySN7RM9TSaArNAO3O58gYoV_9sYPlOTiYD7kP94Mkwv1qx2KPrJWaRgdAQbfxDbaqQlBhcwoQav5VBCQPbZ2e10NMQz4twjZyiLffBa0oknoGuYaRq_ID/s565/Absolutismo.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="409" data-original-width="565" height="232" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmHkh17WgCE6PQHFJShED1rpt4C1ZJrLknbmjYxRc0fI9Xv67dRRylO_3pojGMlhAoh-jLOsvySN7RM9TSaArNAO3O58gYoV_9sYPlOTiYD7kP94Mkwv1qx2KPrJWaRgdAQbfxDbaqQlBhcwoQav5VBCQPbZ2e10NMQz4twjZyiLffBa0oknoGuYaRq_ID/s320/Absolutismo.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div style="margin-bottom: 5px;"><br /></div>Portal do Vestibulandohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03466686065222700679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5538522159417475835.post-53416863985154895312023-07-04T12:59:00.004-04:002023-07-04T13:51:07.653-04:00Grandes Navegações - Expansão Marítima e Comercial - Lista de Exercícios - Questões de Vestibulares e Concursos<p> </p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">1.
(Esa 2023) </span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Após as primeiras expedições, os enviados da Coroa
portuguesa perceberam que não seria possível obter aqui [no Brasil] lucros
fáceis e imediatos.</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(COTRIM, Gilberto. História Global – Brasil e Geral. p. 217)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Qual
foi o principal motivo que levou os colonizadores portugueses a entenderem que
a exploração da colônia na América do Sul não seria fácil? </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A incapacidade de utilizar a mão de obra indígena na nascente produção
agrícola do café. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O alto custo do cativo africano que dificultava a utilização do trabalho
escravo em larga escala no plantio da cana-de-açúcar. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A ação econômica e militar de nações europeias que não reconheciam o
Tratado de Tordesilhas assinado entre Portugal e Espanha. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os portugueses não encontraram jazidas de ouro como ocorrera em outras
regiões da América do Sul, especialmente em áreas exploradas pelos espanhóis. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A escassa população portuguesa que inviabilizava uma imigração em número
suficiente para colonizar o Brasil. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">2. (Unicamp 2023)</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn8ObtL-KeFg_ri19EBgAe3ihSfVqeMmILVsEq7exselt4h8f4GgqwmqnQIf0JiVelnEHGZ82HlFqREQ9ucro3cUDd1T1UPAaA-jqgN6nVnjbcYd4iUXS_KgTQSxkWMxEcXRfrh663CIvPi5b1Go8AoM6N4oTjMD7uriuvbFzQ7dnWx7OPtASLjl7dMYPP/s866/2.%20A%20constru%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20visual%20da%20Am%C3%A9rica%20em%20gravuras.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="628" data-original-width="866" height="464" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn8ObtL-KeFg_ri19EBgAe3ihSfVqeMmILVsEq7exselt4h8f4GgqwmqnQIf0JiVelnEHGZ82HlFqREQ9ucro3cUDd1T1UPAaA-jqgN6nVnjbcYd4iUXS_KgTQSxkWMxEcXRfrh663CIvPi5b1Go8AoM6N4oTjMD7uriuvbFzQ7dnWx7OPtASLjl7dMYPP/w640-h464/2.%20A%20constru%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20visual%20da%20Am%C3%A9rica%20em%20gravuras.png" width="640" /></a></span></b></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As
gravuras eram um importante e significativo meio de comunicação nas sociedades
europeias. Os ecos do Novo Mundo chegavam à Europa rapidamente pelas mãos
daqueles que nunca tinham pisado no continente recém-descoberto. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Adaptado de TATSCH, Flavia Galli. A construção visual da América em
gravuras: códigos de Percepção e suas transformações. In:<i> III Encontro
Nacional de Estudos da Imagem</i>, 03 a 06 de maio de 2011, Londrina – PR.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
partir da leitura da imagem e do texto acima – que versam, ambos, sobre a
construção visual, em gravuras, da América do início da Era Moderna –, é
correto afirmar que </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a gravura traz elementos greco-romanos para representar a descoberta do
Novo Mundo. Nela, o continente foi simbolizado pela paisagem típica da América
e pela presença de Américo Vespúcio. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o código visual da gravura, produzido em um contexto medieval, traz o
encontro de Américo Vespúcio com as terras americanas, representado pelos
artefatos europeus, como, por exemplo, a rede. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a gravura alude ao encontro entre Américo Vespúcio e a América,
representados, na imagem, pelo navegador e pela indígena nua. Essa
representação resultava dos relatos escritos sobre o Novo Mundo e da tradição
imagética europeia. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a gravura usa elementos visuais da cultura europeia para apresentar a
Europa como detentora de civilidade e a América indígena, grotesca, armada e
opositora aos domínios europeus. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">3.
(Famema 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Por sua beleza, o girassol foi levado da América
hispânica pelos [...] espanhóis para a Europa no século XVI para ser cultivado
para fins ornamentais. Do Velho Mundo, é possível que a planta tenha sido
trazida para o Brasil antes do que se supõe. [...] Marinheiros portugueses,
durante suas idas e vindas pelo Atlântico, podem ter sido os protagonistas
acidentais de sua introdução no país. [...] Até os próprios holandeses não são
descartados como responsáveis por transpor a planta para o além-mar.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Eduardo Geraque. “<i>A flora do Brasil sob o olhar holandês</i>”. Pesquisa
Fapesp, maio de 2022.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
história do girassol sintetiza, em certa medida, </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a existência de um mesmo padrão de dominação econômica e social da
América pelos governos e metrópoles do antigo sistema colonial. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a predominância cultural e tecnológica europeia sobre os povos
pré-colombianos e autóctones no antigo sistema colonial. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a ausência de dominação política e social dos povos e dos Estados
europeus sobre a América no antigo sistema colonial. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a irrelevância da cultura africana e asiática para o funcionamento e a
dinâmica do antigo sistema colonial. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a relação econômica e política entre países europeus e continentes no
período do antigo sistema colonial. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">4.
(Fempar (Fepar) 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O império marítimo português
começou a ser construído com a tomada de Ceuta (1415) e foi extinto com o
reconhecimento da independência de Guiné, Cabo Verde, S. Tomé e Príncipe,
Angola e Moçambique, em 1975.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
respeito da montagem desse império marítimo nos séculos XV e XVI, assinale a
afirmativa correta. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A tomada de Ceuta expressou inicialmente um espírito de Cruzada e uma
afirmação do expansionismo da dinastia de Avis em relação à Flandres e ao
Magreb. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A exploração da costa atlântica africana, financiada por reis e
mercadores, visava chegar à origem do ouro comercializado por tuaregues e
berberes no norte da África. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A conquista e colonização da ilha da Madeira serviu de laboratório para
o empreendimento colonizador, sobretudo com a produção de caravelas e insumos
náuticos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A disputa pelo controle dos mares asiáticos com os impérios islâmicos do
Egito e da Pérsia, resultou na obtenção do monopólio luso das rotas marítimas
do Índico, no século XVI. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A consolidou da hegemonia no Oceano Índico levou à criação do Estado da
Índia, um conjunto de reinos submetidos ao poder político-religioso de
Portugal. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">5.
(Pucpr Medicina 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Leia o texto abaixo.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Goa
já era muito próspera antes da chegada dos portugueses. As trocas comerciais
eram intensas, com a presença principalmente de hindus e muçulmanos. A partir
do final do século XV e, mais efetivamente, no decorrer dos séculos XVI e XVII,
os portugueses exploraram todo o subcontinente indiano, fazendo um levantamento
exaustivo dos seuspovos, tradições e reinos.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">OLIVEIRA, Francisco Roque de. <i>Os Portugueses e a Ásia Marítima</i>,
c. 1500 - c. 1640: contributo para uma leitura global da primeira expansão
europeia no Oriente. 1ª Parte: os Mares da Ásia no início do século XVI.
Scripta Nova. Revista Electrónica de Geografia y Ciencias Sociales. Universidad
de Barcelona. Vol. VII, núm. 151, 2003, p. 7.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Com
base nos seus conhecimentos sobre a ocupação portuguesa da Ásia, assinale a
alternativa CORRETA.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 8.5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I.
Com a conquista de três praças locais, os portugueses fundaram o chamado Estado
da Índia no século XVI.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II.
Os portugueses levaram à Ásia a religião cristã, com suas crenças e cultos,
imagens e visão de mundo. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III.
O contato das populações locais com os portugueses desestabilizou a relação
entre nativos e causou alta mortalidade.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">IV.
Os portugueses não assimilaram costumes e tradições locais, em razão de sua
visão de superioridade racial. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II e III. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I, II e III. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II, III e IV. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II e IV. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Todas estão corretas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">6.
(Fcmscsp 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Antes de sua publicação em 1572, o poema <i>Os
Lusíadas</i> de Luís de Camões foi submetido à leitura e à censura de Frei
Bartolomeu Ferreira, membro da Santa Inquisição em Portugal.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 36pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Vi por mandado da Santa e Geral Inquisição esses
dez Cantos dos Lusíadas de Luís de Camões, dos valorosos feitos em armas que os
Portugueses fizeram em Ásia, e Europa, e não achei neles coisa alguma
escandalosa, nem contrária à fé e aos bons costumes [...]. O autor para
encarecer a dificuldade da navegação e entrada dos portugueses na Índia usa de
uma ficção dos Deuses dos Gentios. [...] Todavia, como isso é Poesia e
fingimento, o autor como poeta não pretende mais que ornar o efeito Poético,
não tivemos por inconveniente ver esta fábula dos Deuses na obra, conhecendo-a
por tal, e ficando sempre salva a verdade de nossa Santa fé, que todos os
deuses dos Gentios são Demônios.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Luís de Camões. <i>Os Lusíadas</i>, 1572. Adaptado.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As
observações do censor e o conteúdo do poema expõem </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o atraso histórico do reino português no continente europeu e a
irrelevância das descobertas ultramarinas para a economia europeia. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a expansão dos limites geográficos da sociedade portuguesa e o projeto
de universalização de princípios religiosos predominantes na Europa. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a natureza exclusivamente política das navegações portuguesas e a
associação dos Estados europeus no esforço expansionista. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o compromisso histórico de Portugal com a preservação da liberdade dos
povos conquistados e a extinção da escravidão nas nações europeias. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a instalação de um regime democrático em Portugal e a divisão
igualitária das colônias asiáticas entre as monarquias europeias. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">7.
(Fcmscsp 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Observando a maneira como o poeta orna “o efeito
Poético”, conclui-se que o poema </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ressuscita os ritos do paganismo greco-romano no período de vigência da
arte barroca da Europa Ocidental. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">procura demonstrar a superioridade da literatura portuguesa sobre os
modelos de inspiração da Antiguidade. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">sintetiza o mundo clássico com o monoteísmo cristão de acordo com os
padrões culturais do Renascimento. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">denuncia a ausência de liberdade de expressão nas monarquias absolutistas
da Idade Moderna. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">exalta o pacifismo dos portugueses como expressão da mentalidade do
teocentrismo medieval. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">8.
(Fuvest-Ete 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Mas, enfim, quanto à gênese do fenômeno da Expansão
Portuguesa, pensamos que, ao nível dos objetivos vitais-estruturais, foi
decisiva a satisfação da coesão nacional e da independência face à ameaça de
Castela. [...] Dificilmente poderia ter encontrado outra forma de crescimento e
desenvolvimento e, só crescendo, se poderia opor à anexação ou à iberização
plena.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">SANTOS, João Marinho dos. A expansão pela espada e pela cruz. In:
NOVAES, Adauto (org.) <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A descoberta do
homem e do mundo</i>. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 1988. p. 147.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Segundo
o texto, <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">as navegações portuguesas foram impulsionadas tanto pelo propósito de
encontrar um caminho exclusivamente marítimo para as índias como pelo objetivo
de selar alianças políticas e anexar Portugal a Castela. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o reino de Castela lutava para se tornar independente de Portugal, que
monopolizou o comércio marítimo no Mediterrâneo no século XVI. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a disputa entre Portugal e Castela iniciou-se com a expedição de Cabral,
em 1500, e resultou na assinatura do Tratado de Tordesilhas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">as descobertas portuguesas no além-mar guardam relação direta com as
disputas políticas envolvendo os reinos ibéricos entre o final da Idade Média e
o início da Idade Moderna. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a expansão marítima portuguesa só foi possível devido à União Ibérica
entre 1580 e 1640, resultado de uma crise sucessória no trono português. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">9.
(Pucpr Medicina 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Leia o trecho abaixo, extraído do
poema <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Os Lusíadas</i>, de Luiz de Camões,
e assinale a alternativa CORRETA.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">"E por mandado seu, buscando
andamos / A terra Oriental que o Indo rega; / Por ele, o mar remoto navegamos,
/ Que só dos feios focas se navega. / Mas já razão parece que saibamos, /Se
entre vós a verdade não se nega, / Quem sois, que terra é esta que habitais, /
Ou se tendes da Índia alguns sinais?"<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 7pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">CAMÕES, L., <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Os Lusíadas</i>, Canto
Primeiro, Estrofe 52. Disponível em
https://www.gutenberg.org/files/3333/3333-h/3333-h.htm. Acesso em 11/09/2021.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
poema épico de Luiz de Camões retrata as viagens <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">à procura do caminho marítimo para as Índias pela esquadra comandada por
Pedro Álvares Cabral. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">para a comprovação da possibilidade de circunavegação do globo terrestre
pela esquadra liderada por Fernão de Magalhães. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">à procura do caminho marítimo para as Índias por parte da esquadra
comandada por Vasco da Gama. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">à procura do caminho marítimo para as Índias na expedição liderada por
Américo Vespúcio. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">em busca pela esquadra de Dom Sebastião I, desaparecida após a Batalha
de Alcácer-Quibir, e a reconquista do caminho marítimo para as Índias. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">10.
(Unesp 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Depois do estabelecimento do caminho marítimo para
as Índias por Vasco da Gama em 1499, a Coroa portuguesa logo preparou nova
expedição, tendo como base as informações recolhidas pelo navegante. E essa era
mesmo a melhor saída para o pequenino reino português, que ficava justamente na
boca do Atlântico.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Lilia M. Schwarcz e Heloisa M. Starling. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Brasil: uma biografia</i>, 2018.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Além
do motivo apresentado no excerto, contribuíram para que Portugal se lançasse à
expansão marítima <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o interesse por colonizar o litoral africano e a disposição militar para
a reconquista ibérica. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a aliança política e comercial com a Coroa de Castela e a posição
geográfica do país. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a busca pelas especiarias da América e o desenvolvimento de uma
indústria bélica. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o desenvolvimento de instrumentos náuticos e a articulação entre
interesses comerciais e religiosos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a precoce unificação política e a necessidade de insumos para a nascente
indústria têxtil. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">11.
(Fuvest-Ete 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O advento da Modernidade nos séculos XV e XVI
associa-se <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">à expansão ultramarina europeia e ao Renascimento. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">à revolução científica e ao declínio do catolicismo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ao Humanismo e ao Darwinismo Social. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ao nascimento do capitalismo e à industrialização. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">à conquista da América e ao movimento indigenista </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 6pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">12.
(Famerp 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Guinéus e negros tomados pela força, outros
legitimamente adquiridos por contrato de compra foram trazidos ao reino, onde
em grande número se converteram à fé católica, o que esperamos progrida até a
conversão do povo ou ao menos de muitos mais. [...] Por isso nós, tudo pensando
com devida ponderação, por outras cartas nossas concedemos ao dito rei Afonso
[de Portugal] a plena e livre faculdade, entre outras, de invadir, conquistar,
subjugar quaisquer sarracenos e pagãos, inimigos de Cristo, suas terras e bens,
a todos reduzir à servidão e tudo aplicar em utilidade própria e dos seus
descendentes.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 7pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Apud: </i>Ynaê
Lopes dos Santos. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">História da África e do
Brasil afrodescendente</i>, 2017.)</span><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 7pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O excerto, extraído de uma bula emitida pelo Papa
Nicolau V em 1454, revela <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o interesse econômico da Igreja católica nos negócios do tráfico
atlântico de africanos escravizados. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o repúdio da máxima autoridade da Igreja católica às formas de trabalho
servil e assalariado. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a aliança político-militar entre o Papado e o reino de Portugal na
defesa da conquista europeia da África. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o endosso oficial da Igreja católica à escravização de africanos, com a
finalidade de catequizá-los. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a tentativa de impedir a escravização dos nativos das colônias por meio
do estímulo à escravização de africanos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">13.
(Fmj 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os membros dum domínio senhorial podiam ter carne
todos os dias [...], a esposa [de um] próspero burguês podia usar açúcar da Sicília
não como medicamento, sua utilização normal, mas como substituto do mel para
adoçar. [...] De todos os produtos alimentares descobertos nas Américas antes
da introdução da batata, mais tardia, o milho foi o de maior procura; com a sua
introdução, [por volta] de 1500, começou a espalhar-se da Espanha para a
França, Itália, até aos Balcãs.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(John R. Hale. A Europa durante o Renascimento: 1480-1520, 1983.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
excerto descreve <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o desinteresse dos colonizadores pelos territórios coloniais desprovidos
de ouro. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a impossibilidade do cultivo de espécies coloniais nos solos europeus. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o estabelecimento de um sistema econômico de conexão intercontinental. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o vínculo das economias industrializadas com os mercados de produtos
primários. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a aplicação de políticas econômicas favoráveis ao capitalismo europeu. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">14.
(Ufpr 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considere o seguinte trecho de uma carta enviada
pelo rei do Congo ao rei de Portugal em 1526:</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os
comerciantes estão sequestrando o nosso povo dia após dia – filhos deste país,
filhos de nossos nobres e vassalos, mesmo as pessoas de nossa própria família
[...]. Essa corrupção e depravação estão tão generalizadas que a nossa terra é
inteiramente despovoada. [...] Precisamos neste reino só de sacerdotes e
professores, e nenhuma mercadoria, a menos que seja vinho e farinha para o
santo sacramento [...]. É nosso desejo que este reino não seja um lugar para o
comércio ou transporte de escravos.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(MEREDITH, Martin. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">O Destino da
África</i>: cinco mil anos de riquezas, ganância e desafios. Tradução Marlene
Suano. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 2017, p. 122.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Com
base no texto acima e nos conhecimentos acerca dos contatos entre sociedades
africanas e europeias no início da Idade Moderna, é correto afirmar que: <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o tráfico de pessoas escravizadas por parte de Portugal visava o
despovoamento do Reino do Congo como estratégia para uma futura colonização. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a cristianização do Reino do Congo se deu através da presença militar e
da construção de feitorias portuguesas na costa africana. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o Reino do Congo buscava, através da diplomacia, estabelecer suas
próprias leis para a regulação do tráfico de pessoas escravizadas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">as influências políticas e culturais de Portugal eram recebidas com
hostilidade pelo Reino do Congo porque entravam em conflito com tradições
locais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">as tensões decorrentes do tráfico de pessoas escravizadas ocasionaram a
Primeira Guerra Luso-Portuguesa. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">15.
(Espcex (Aman) 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A participação portuguesa no
comércio europeu ganhou impulso no início do século XV, no contexto das grandes
navegações que se iniciaram nesse período. A primeira ação imperialista dos
portugueses, a partir da qual os súditos do rei Dom João I sentiram-se seguros
para iniciar seu avanço por “mares nunca dantes navegados” foi <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o descobrimento do Brasil. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a ultrapassagem do Cabo da Boa Esperança. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a chegada a Calcutá, nas Índias. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a descoberta da América. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a tomada de Ceuta. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">16.
(Pucgo Medicina 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Em março de 2019, o presidente do
México, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, solicitou ao rei Felipe VI, da Espanha,
que pedisse desculpas pelos abusos que as autoridades mexicanas consideraram
terem ocorrido na época da conquista espanhola. Com essa ação, segundo López
Obrador, pretendia-se “superar definitivamente as desavenças, os rancores, as
culpas e as censuras que a história colocou entre os povos da Espanha e do
México, sem ignorar nem omitir as ilegalidades e os crimes que os provocaram”.
O rei simplesmente lamentou e rejeitou o pedido.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 7pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Disponível em: https://
https://brasil.elpais.com/internacional/2021-09-30/ex-presidente-espanhol-ridicularizapedido-de-perdao-de-lopez-obrador-por-genocidio-indigena-como-ele-se-chama.html.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 7pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 7pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Acesso em: 29 out. 2021. Adaptado.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Acerca
da conquista espanhola na região onde hoje localiza-se o território mexicano,
assinale a única alternativa correta: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A conquista espanhola do Império Asteca foi rápida e violenta, matando
milhares de indígenas, devido à superioridade numérica dos conquistadores, à
boa estratégia militar e por meio das ameaças dos missionários aos povos que se
rebelassem contra Montezuma. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A conquista espanhola do Império Mexicano foi violenta e eficaz porque
encontraram uma monarquia em rápida decadência, que sacrificava os povos
submetidos em suntuosas cerimônias religiosas e deixava os campos agrícolas
vazios. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A conquista espanhola dos povos que habitavam o continente e as ilhas do
Caribe foi rápida e violenta devido às doenças trazidas da Europa, o que levou
as populações indígenas a aceitarem a escravização, ao invés de falecerem nas
selvas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A conquista dos povos da Mesoamérica foi rápida e violenta,
especialmente pela indução de medo nos povos nativos, pela boa estratégia de
alianças e pela utilização eficiente da tecnologia militar. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">17.
(Unicamp 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A rainha Nzinga (1624-1663), governante
seiscentista do Ndongo, um reino da África Central situado na atual Angola,
chegou ao poder graças à sua competência militar, à diplomacia bem sucedida, à
manipulação da religião e de conflitos entre potências europeias. Ela criou as
condições para a primeira sublevação popular mbundu contra a exploração
portuguesa ao atrair para sua causa os chefes que estavam sob influência
europeia. Depois conquistou o reino vizinho de Matamba e o governou por três
décadas junto com o que restou do poderoso reino Ndongo; desafiou treze
governadores portugueses que regeram Angola entre 1622 e 1633. Apesar de seus
feitos e o longo reinado, comparável ao de Elizabeth I (1503-1603) da
Inglaterra, ela foi desacreditada pelos contemporâneos europeus e por autores
posteriores.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Adaptado de Linda Heywood, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nzinga
de Angola</i>: a rainha guerreira de África. Lisboa: Casa das Letras, 2017. p.
10-12; 82.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><b>Com
base no excerto e em seus conhecimentos, é correto afirmar que a rainha Nzinga:
<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Utilizou, como estratégias políticas para conter o avanço português em
seus territórios, a formação de alianças com reinos vizinhos (como Congo), a
exploração dos conflitos entre Portugal e Holanda e a interferência nas redes
do tráfico. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Expulsou os portugueses de Angola e reconstruiu o reino do Ndongo em sua
extensão original através da política de distribuição de terras aos sobas que
aceitaram a sua legitimidade no trono. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Aboliu o tráfico atlântico de escravizados, apesar da oposição de missionários
e comerciantes portugueses que viviam em Luanda, e perseguiu os sobas
envolvidos com o comércio. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Enfrentou um mundo onde o imaginário monárquico e o ideário político
eram hegemonicamente masculinos e, assim como a Rainha Elizabeth I, não teve sucesso
político e militar. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">18.
(Enem PPL 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Alguns escravos morreram em consequência da
violência essencial à sua captura na África, muitos outros nas jornadas entre
os lugares que habitavam no interior e os portos dos oceanos Atlântico e Índico,
ou enquanto aguardavam o embarque, muito mais ainda no mar, outros nos mercados
de escravos brasileiros, e mais ainda durante o processo de ajustamento físico
e mental ao sistema escravista no Brasil.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">CONRAD, R. E. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tumbeiros</i>: o
tráfico de escravos para o Brasil. São Paulo: Brasiliense, 1985.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As
formas de violência relacionadas ao tráfico negreiro no Brasil colonial
destacadas no texto derivam da <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">intensificação do expansionismo ultramarino. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">exploração das atividades indígenas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">supressão da catequese jesuítica. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">extinção dos contratos comerciais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">contração da economia ibérica. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">19.
(Unicamp 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Segundos os historiadores, pela primeira vez, uma
potência europeia desenvolveu um projeto planetário que abrangia quatro
continentes, a fim de assentar as pretensões universais da monarquia. Para
isso, os juristas espanhóis invocaram a noção de extensão geográfica sem
precedentes de suas possessões. Com a monarquia católica surgiram a primeira
economia mundial e um regime capitalista e comercial intercontinental.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 7pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Adaptado de Serge Gruzinski, “Babel no século XVI. A mundialização e
Globalização das Línguas”, em Eddy Stols, Iris Kantor, Werner Thomas e Júnia
Furtado (orgs.), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Um Mundo sobre Papel</i>.
São Paulo/Belo Horizonte: EDUSP/Editora UFMG, 2014, p. 385.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Com
base no texto do historiador Serge Gruzinski sobre as monarquias católicas,
assinale a alternativa correta. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A noção de monarquia católica inclui Portugal, Espanha e Inglaterra, que
colocaram em marcha um processo de expansão marítima planetário, calcado no
trabalho assalariado dos indígenas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O projeto planetário da monarquia católica calcava-se na memória do
Império Romano, sendo que Roma ambicionou estabelecer seu aparato burocrático
ágil e repressivo nos quatro continentes. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O projeto planetário da monarquia católica fundava-se em um corpo
jurídico criado com argumentos teológicos, em uma burocracia exercida a
distância e no trabalho compulsório. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A monarquia católica expandiu seu projeto comercial baseado em
estamentos feudais nos moldes das capitanias hereditárias implementadas na
América, na África e na Ásia. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">20.
(Fuvest 2020) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A representação cartográfica a seguir refere</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">‐</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">se à viagem de
circunavegação, iniciada em Sanlúcar de Barrameda, na Andaluzia, em 20 de
setembro de 1519, e comandada pelo português Fernão de Magalhães, a serviço da
monarquia da Espanha. A despeito da repercussão da viagem para o
desenvolvimento dos conhecimentos náuticos e para a exploração do Oceano
Pacífico, Battista Agnese foi um dos poucos cartógrafos a registrar a
empreitada de Magalhães.</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJAqEGV0Xx4NTarfwFOXSIwwBphVVKsbA8_nurF2-NgH5TgrX3JDU9BM0fcLXB2QNxI8MJDgwkYsvOXnGqY5UTbg6rrnualpGJTKAHwTE5nVxz41bYXs8sFKmqq1AGgknzgUZaOND1UFG4GbK6Bt5WojhH_CDCnNrg_01rmuyFw2hF7K9XwnpQr-iqAs7p/s779/20.%20Agnese%20Battista,%20Atlas%20Portulano,%201545..png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="514" data-original-width="779" height="422" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJAqEGV0Xx4NTarfwFOXSIwwBphVVKsbA8_nurF2-NgH5TgrX3JDU9BM0fcLXB2QNxI8MJDgwkYsvOXnGqY5UTbg6rrnualpGJTKAHwTE5nVxz41bYXs8sFKmqq1AGgknzgUZaOND1UFG4GbK6Bt5WojhH_CDCnNrg_01rmuyFw2hF7K9XwnpQr-iqAs7p/w640-h422/20.%20Agnese%20Battista,%20Atlas%20Portulano,%201545..png" width="640" /></a></span></b></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
representação cartográfica de Battista Agnese </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">revelava a permanência das técnicas e sentidos simbólicos da cosmografia
medieval, que orientaram os navegadores ibéricos na época da expansão
ultramarina.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">estava vinculada aos dogmas cristãos e procurava conciliar o registro da
viagem de Fernão de Magalhães com a perspectiva de Terra Plana ainda presente
entre letrados cristãos.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">estava baseada nos relatos dos navegadores, no acúmulo de conhecimentos
acerca das rotas marítimas e em estimativas de distâncias a partir de cálculos
matemáticos e da planificação do globo terrestre.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">apresentava o Oceano Pacífico em suas reais dimensões de acordo com o
entendimento de Fernão de Magalhães e de Cristóvão Colombo e em desacordo com
as perspectivas cristãs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">estava assentada nos conhecimentos e detalhamentos geográficos bíblicos
e nas formulações cosmológicas de Ptolomeu, fundamentais para o sucesso da
viagem de Fernão de Magalhães.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">21.
(Fmp 2020) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: ArialMT; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Em 1514, o rei
português D. Manuel seguiu com uma grandiosa embaixada rumo ao Vaticano para
encontrar-se com o Papa Leão X.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: ArialMT; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Músicos abriam a segunda parte do desfile, preparando a multidão para as
grandes sensações: um elefante (animal que Roma não via desde os tempos do
império romano) coberto por um grande tapete oriental, sobre o qual repousava
um cofre artisticamente trabalhado, contendo o pontifical que D. Manuel
oferecia a Leão X; uma onça domesticada, deitada sobre um cavalo da Pérsia; e
dois leopardos, carregados em gaiolas douradas. Não fora possível apresentar o
rinoceronte, morto durante a viagem (mas depois empalhado), assim como os
carregamentos de pimenta malagueta, cravo, canela e gengibre, caras especiarias
transportadas em uma nau que naufragara.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-font-family: ArialMT; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">AMADO, J. e FIGUEIREDO, L. C. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">O
Brasil no Império Português</span></i>. Rio de Janeiro: Jorge Zahar Ed., 2001,
p. 8.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: ArialMT; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A descrição da comitiva de D. Manuel
confirma a consolidação dos domínios portugueses sobre o(a) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">comércio da região mediterrânica </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">percurso africano para a Ásia </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">exploração do leste asiático </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">tráfico de produtos norte-americanos </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">rota comercial das Antilhas </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">22.
(Enem 2019) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A ocasião fez o ladrão: Francis Drake travava sua
guerra de pirataria contra a Espanha papista quando roubou as tropas de mulas
que levavam o ouro do Peru para o Panamá. Graças à cumplicidade da rainha
Elizabeth I, ele reincide e saqueia as costas do Chile e do Peru antes de
regressar pelo Oceano Pacífico, e depois pelo Índico. Ora, em Ternate ele
oferece sua proteção a um sultão revoltado com os portugueses; assim nasce o
primeiro entreposto inglês ultramarino.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">FERRO, M. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">História das colonizações</span></i>. Das colonizações às independências.
Séculos XIII a XX. São Paulo: Cia. das Letras, 1996.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
tática adotada pela Inglaterra do século XVI, conforme citada no texto, foi o
meio encontrado para </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">restabelecer o crescimento da economia mercantil.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">conquistar as riquezas dos territórios americanos.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">legalizar a ocupação de possessões ibéricas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ganhar a adesão das potências europeias.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">fortalecer as rotas do comércio marítimo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">23.
(Upf 2019) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No final do século XV, Espanha e Portugal foram os
primeiros países europeus a promoverem a expansão marítima europeia, chamada
também de as Grandes Navegações. As razões desse pioneirismo estão relacionadas
</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">à enorme quantidade de capitais acumulados nesses dois países através do
renascimento comercial no século XIV. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ao processo de fortalecimento da burguesia comercial que estava ocupando
o poder tanto na Espanha quanto em Portugal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ao desenvolvimento industrial dos dois países, que os forçou a buscar
novos mercados consumidores e fornecedores de matéria-prima. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ao espírito aventureiro de portugueses e espanhóis desenvolvido durante
a Guerra de Reconquista contra os mouros.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">à centralização monárquica e ao fato de a nobreza desses dois países
estar fortalecida, ao contrário de outras nobrezas europeias, conseguindo,
assim, financiar o projeto de expansão marítima.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">24. (Pucrj 2016) Sobre a
conquista espanhola da América nos séculos XV e XVI, assinale a
afirmativa CORRETA.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) Da conquista participaram soldados,
clérigos, cronistas, marinheiros, artesãos e aventureiros, motivados pelo
desejo de encontrar riquezas como o ouro e a prata e também de expandir a fé católica
expulsando os muçulmanos da América. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) O ano de 1492 foi crucial não só pela
chegada de Colombo à América, como também pela conclusão da unidade da
monarquia espanhola levada adiante pelos reis católicos com a conquista de
Granada, último reduto muçulmano na península. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Hernán Cortés conquistou facilmente o
império Asteca, na região do alto Peru, à época governado por Montezuma, com
quem se aliou para derrotar outros povos indígenas que resistiram à dominação
espanhola. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Desde o início da conquista, os indígenas
contaram com a proteção da Igreja católica que os reconhecia como seres humanos
que possuíam alma e, portanto, não deveriam ser subjugados. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) O Império Inca, no México, foi conquistado
por Francisco Pizarro, que enfrentou uma longa resistência dos exércitos
indígenas, militarmente superiores e profundos conhecedores do território em
que viviam. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">25. (Upf 2016) Luís Vaz de
Camões, um dos maiores nomes do Renascimento Cultural português, imortalizou,
em sua principal obra, a viagem de Vasco da Gama às Índias.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;"><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">“Já no largo Oceano navegavam,</div><div style="text-align: center;">As inquietas ondas apartando;</div><div style="text-align: center;">Os ventos brandamente respiravam,</div><div style="text-align: center;">Das naus as velas côncavas inchando;</div><div style="text-align: center;">Da branca escuma os mares se mostravam</div><div style="text-align: center;">Cobertos, onde as proas vão cortando</div><div style="text-align: center;">As marítimas águas consagradas,</div><div style="text-align: center;">Que do gado de Próteo são cortadas.”</div></span><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(CAMÕES. <i>Os Lusíadas</i>. Verso
19)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale a alternativa que apresenta corretamente elementos
relativos à participação de Portugal na expansão marítima europeia nos séculos
XV e XVI.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) O total apoio da Igreja Católica, desde a
aclamação do primeiro rei português, visando à expansão econômica e religiosa
que a expansão marítima iria concretizar. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) Para o grupo mercantil, a expansão marítima
era comercial e aumentava os negócios, superando a crise do século XV; para o
Estado, trazia maiores rendas; para a nobreza, trazia cargos e pensões; e, para
a Igreja Católica, representava maior cristianização dos "povos
bárbaros". <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) O pioneirismo português se deveu mais ao
atraso dos seus rivais, envolvidos em disputas dinásticas, do que a fatores
próprios do processo histórico, econômico, político e social de
Portugal. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) A expansão marítima, embora contasse com o
apoio entusiasmado do grupo mercantil, recebeu o combate dos proprietários
agrícolas, para quem os dispêndios com o comércio eram
perdulários. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) A burguesia, ao liderar a arraia-miúda na
Revolução de Avis, conseguiu manter a independência de Portugal, centralizou o
poder e impôs ao Estado o seu interesse específico na
expansão. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">26. (Puccamp 2016) Para
responder à questão a seguir, considere o texto abaixo.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(...) os mitos e o imaginário fantástico
medieval não foram subitamente subtraídos da mentalidade coletiva europeia
durante o século XVI. (...) Conforme Laura de Mello e Sousa, “parece lícito
considerar que, conhecido o Índico e desmitificado o seu universo fantástico, o
Atlântico passará a ocupar papel análogo no imaginário do europeu
quatrocentista”.</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(VILARDAGA, José Carlos. <i>Lastros
de viagem: expectativas, projeções e descobertas portuguesas no Índico
(1498-1554).</i> São Paulo: Annablume, 2010, p. 197)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O <i>imaginário </i>que
povoou as crenças dos viajantes no contexto da expansão marítima europeia
pressupunha a</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) presença de perigos mortais advindos de
forças sobrenaturais no então denominado Mar Sangrento ou Vermelho em função do
número de tragédias que ocorriam durante sua travessia. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) certeza de que o chamado Mar Oceano se
conectava ao Pacífico, por meio de uma passagem que posteriormente seria
nomeada como Estreito de Gibraltar. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) existência de monstros marinhos, ondas
gigantescas e outros tipos de ameaça no chamado Mar Tenebroso, como era
conhecido o Atlântico. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) dúvida em relação à possibilidade de
circunavegação da terra, pois a primeira volta completa ao mundo só ocorreu no
final do século XVI, quando Colombo prosseguiu em sua busca de uma rota para as
Índias. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) necessidade de que em toda expedição
houvesse um padre e um grande crucifixo, artifícios que impediriam qualquer
ameaça durante a travessia, inclusive epidemias como o escorbuto, causadas pela
falta de higiene. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">27. (Ifsul 2015) Gutenberg
inventou a imprensa de tipos móveis em 1438. A tecnologia já era conhecida na
China, mas os tipos móveis chineses não suportavam o uso por longo tempo e mal
retinham a tinta de impressão. Gutenberg aperfeiçoou os blocos de impressão e
desenvolveu novos modelos feitos de metal.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Baseado em texto da revista <i>Aventuras
na História</i> <i>Grandes Guerras</i> – A Era Medieval, novembro de
2005, p. 53).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5qCBRFbby9a8N_PTMdxSgONVkK__w9rDEcPskFLrhV1Q5-a2b0y-nGmoEOUQzSI1xW0GtWFQ6zMws7p9PLp8kzGM0w5a8lpSPWkHrmZGMbiQZ1ulPRYR2iWhN_m29WHwO13KPSUg4sCovGhmTs1bVMTUQHD4Lb5O8oLquwUwVx9LemP90OXCzkHyv6Rvd/s421/27.%20Inven%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20da%20imprensa.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="421" data-original-width="408" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5qCBRFbby9a8N_PTMdxSgONVkK__w9rDEcPskFLrhV1Q5-a2b0y-nGmoEOUQzSI1xW0GtWFQ6zMws7p9PLp8kzGM0w5a8lpSPWkHrmZGMbiQZ1ulPRYR2iWhN_m29WHwO13KPSUg4sCovGhmTs1bVMTUQHD4Lb5O8oLquwUwVx9LemP90OXCzkHyv6Rvd/s320/27.%20Inven%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20da%20imprensa.png" width="310" /></a></span></b></div><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><br />Ao inventar a imprensa de tipos móveis,
uma revolução cultural foi possibilitada por Gutenberg. Com ela, a cultura pôde
se difundir de forma inovadora numa Europa encantada com as transformações que
ocorriam no campo político, econômico e cultural. Sobre essas transformações, é
correto afirmar que</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) a burguesia estava tomando o poder político
através do ideário iluminista e de diversas revoluções, entre as quais se
destaca a francesa e usando o Estado, então burguês, para apoiar o início do
processo de industrialização europeia. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) o espírito contestador e individualista
passou a marcar a mentalidade europeia, estimulado pela incerteza de uma
sociedade que via as grandes navegações colocarem abaixo verdades construídas
e, em muitos casos, impostas pela Igreja Católica. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) a imprensa de Gutenberg, ao imprimir a
Bíblia de Lutero, impulsionou um processo de renovação da Igreja Católica que,
no Concílio de Trento, tratou de confirmar as transformações religiosas
propostas pelos protestantes e estimular a cultura laica que ganhava adeptos
mesmo entre os membros do clero europeu. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) os reis absolutistas da época, preocupados
com o teor crítico de pensadores como Thomas Hobbes e Maquiavel, trataram de
reformular a sua forma de governo, mantendo o autoritarismo, mas disfarçando-o
com medidas iluministas no que ficou conhecido como despotismo
esclarecido. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">28. (Col. Naval 2014) A União
Ibérica foi um importante estímulo à expansão territorial portuguesa sobre o
território que legalmente pertencia à Espanha, segundo o Tratado de
Tordesilhas. Com isso, aconteceram vários conflitos entre os dois países e
foram necessários alguns tratados de limites para que as novas fronteiras se
definissem. Sobre os tratados de limites que definiram o território brasileiro,
pode-se afirmar que: </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) o Tratado de Lisboa foi assinado entre Portugal
e Espanha e restabeleceu os limites territoriais existentes à época do Tratado
de Tordesilhas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) o Tratado de Madri, assinado entre Portugal e
Espanha, usando o princípio da restauração, restabeleceu as fronteiras
existentes antes da União ibérica. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) com o Tratado do Santo Ildefonso, Portugal
recebeu o domínio dos Sete Povos das Missões, o que provocou a chamada Guerra
Guaranítica. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) o Tratado de Methuen, assinado entre Portugal e
Inglaterra, definiu as fronteiras ao norte do Brasil, e a Guiana ficou sob
domínio inglês. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) o Tratado de Badajoz foi o último a ser assinado
e praticamente definiu os limites territoriais brasileiros. A única alteração,
desde aquela época, foi a anexação do Acre. </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">29. (Uepa 2014) As crenças de
navegadores portugueses e espanhóis dos séculos XV e XVI, inspiradas na
teologia medieval, de que o Paraíso estava ao alcance dos homens, embora em </span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">lugar ainda desconhecido, estimularam as viagens de
“descobertas” que incorporaram o Novo Mundo ao espaço geográfico das
terras conhecidas pelos europeus. As pistas desta mentalidade estão em obras
filosóficas e literárias da Antiguidade Greco-Romana e de autores humanistas,
além de novelas de cavalaria. O conteúdo destas obras fazia parte do patrimônio
intelectual europeu de fins da Idade Média e forneceu o quadro mental a partir
do qual foram escritas as obras de viajantes europeus que vieram</span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> à América no século XVI. A busca do paraíso
terrestre, quando da expansão marítima europeia voltada para a descoberta de
novas rotas de comércio com o Oriente, significou:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) a ruptura entre a mentalidade medieval e aquela
do Renascimento. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) a permanência de elementos da mentalidade
medieval no período inicial do Renascimento. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) a confirmação dos relatos bíblicos, que podiam
ser constatados com as navegações. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) a correspondência entre as crenças europeias e
os mitos indígenas do Novo Mundo. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) o uso da justificativa religiosa para o
financiamento das navegações pelas Coroas Ibéricas. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">30. (Uepa 2014) A assim chamada
"Diáspora Africana", em direção a vários pontos do continente
americano, ocorreu a partir do século XV, com o estabelecimento de entrepostos
comerciais europeus, inicialmente ao longo da costa ocidental africana. As
trocas comerciais ocorriam, nestes entrepostos, entre europeus, chefes tribais
e representantes de reinos do interior do continente. Entre os “produtos”
comercializados, como ouro, tecidos, armas de fogo, dentre outros, estavam
homens e mulheres escravizados em guerras tribais ou em conquistas militares de
reinos africanos. A motivação econômica europeia pelo comércio de seres humanos
reduzidos à escravidão se baseava principalmente no(a):</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) dinamização econômica das colônias americanas,
condição básica para o desenvolvimento industrial das metrópoles. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) abastecimento de mão de obra aos proprietários
de grandes propriedades rurais monocultoras nas colônias americanas.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) necessidade de produzir a acumulação primitiva
de capital que alimentasse a engrenagem econômica mercantilista. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) crença da supremacia racial europeia frente aos
povos de outros continentes, que poderiam ser reduzidos à mera condição de mão
de obra. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) inserção da população escravizada, trazida para
o Novo Mundo, no mercado consumidor colonial, abastecido pelos manufaturados
metropolitanos. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">31. (Unesp 2014) Ó mar salgado, quanto
do teu sal</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">São lágrimas de Portugal!</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Por te cruzarmos, quantas mães choraram,</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Quantos filhos em vão rezaram!</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Quantas noivas ficaram por casar</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Para que fosses nosso, ó mar!</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Valeu a pena? Tudo vale a pena</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Se a alma não é pequena.</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Quem quer passar além do Bojador</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Tem que passar além da dor.</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Deus ao mar o perigo e o abismo deu,</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Mas nele é que espelhou o céu.</span></div><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Fernando Pessoa. Mar
Português. Obra poética, 1960. Adaptado.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Entre outros aspectos da expansão
marítima portuguesa a partir do século XV, o poema menciona</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) o sucesso da empreitada, que transformou
Portugal na principal potência europeia por quatro séculos. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) o reconhecimento do papel determinante da Coroa
no estímulo às navegações e no apoio financeiro aos familiares dos navegadores.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) a crença religiosa como principal motor das
navegações, o que justifica o reconhecimento da grandeza da alma dos
portugueses. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) a percepção das perdas e dos ganhos individuais
e coletivos provocados pelas navegações e pelos riscos que elas comportavam.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) a dificuldade dos navegadores de reconhecer as
diferenças entre os oceanos, que os levou a confundir a América com as Índias. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">32. (Uea 2014) Tendo saído do Quito em
1541, Francisco de Orellana e seus companheiros foram avisados de que, águas
abaixo, no grande rio, se achavam amazonas. Foi aparentemente depois de
atravessar a foz do Madeira, que deram em cheio com a “boa terra e senhorio das
amazonas”, assim chamada pelo cronista da viagem, o dominicano Frei Gaspar de
Carvajal. Essa bondade da terra não impediu que uma tremenda refrega saudasse
ali aos homens de Orellana. A fúria com que se viram acometidos, explica-a o
frade, de algumas mulheres a pelejar diante de todos os índios, como se foram
seus capitães. Ao descrever aquelas mulheres, diz o dominicano que eram
membrudas, de grande estatura e brancas; andavam nuas com as vergonhas tapadas.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(HOLANDA, Sérgio Buarque de. <i>Visão
do Paraíso</i>, 1977. Adaptado.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A expedição comandada por Francisco de
Orellana alcançou a foz do rio Amazonas. Na descrição da viagem feita pelo frade
Gaspar de Carvajal percebe-se</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) uma conquista das tribos da floresta pelos
guerreiros espanhóis, que evitavam, a qualquer custo, o uso de armas de fogo.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) uma rejeição dos mitos das sociedades indígenas
do Novo Mundo, considerados, pelos conquistadores, meras superstições.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) uma propagação de imagens extraordinárias da
floresta, fato que ampliava a expectativa europeia de encontrar riquezas
fabulosas na região. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) uma visão negativa do grande rio e da floresta,
considerados locais sombrios e temerários, de que os europeus deviam se
afastar. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) uma aceitação, pelos sacerdotes cristãos, do
paganismo que caracterizava a religiosidade nas sociedades indígenas da grande
floresta. <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.portaldovestibulando.com/2023/07/grandes-navegacoes-expansao-maritima-e_4.html" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="55" data-original-width="266" height="55" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifD9_apLVSWL0lEICaVuFCT02xGs5KV590CaL4dDXArFzsbaKNwCv_dr7v-zHLTf4FHjdqyWIHeIQahGc-kBy1xzElOpzn6emB5TtLdv64ayrI1Zs5rohKEUV8WlREleq8ibmw-UrqSCMixfKdPsLFlCfCXZQc83NdDpUDKDARavPSy2QPCeX6P12gETa3/s1600/Gabarito.png" width="266" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/file/bvjtrgi3r2ixogj/História+-+Grandes+Navegações+-+Expansão+Marítima+e+Comercial.pdf/file" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQJ8KOaKeUGotrfzhLB0fNGKBDnexyebDAsWihDOmcYTa1t0LClZGGypsQiwBN3tZpo2YQgKcIhXEIy_thJ4ehIwDZp7buZt-iSmA86Qq4osvwwCaR34WcVlaLqs4b8yzOROWdR9bLyfOJB51LZbjHAMg-CLdUBWW98iOTIqsFG0uxt6LacUoxAA0qhrsc/s1600/Lista%20de%20exerc%C3%ADcios.png" width="275" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p>Portal do Vestibulandohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03466686065222700679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5538522159417475835.post-67963603142158683302023-07-04T12:28:00.005-04:002023-07-04T12:32:00.346-04:00Cartografia - Lista de Exercícios - Questões de Vestibulares e Concursos<p><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><br /></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">1.
(Ufrgs 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">A figura abaixo apresenta uma anamorfose
geográfica.</span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><b><br /><span style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></b></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiX_7D8JJXvvoDkOVaFYbAsC9FtdgpGZ257X3thAAxIL5n9MZmYYAc2OCUv882Vgbv9rnWfFHCkIvTGJ1tFjRQLVZ0nNTjdmmxZo3-yFlMWdl3ehF5xo7vvpIwkrRBLwHmNFTCRiO4I8OFyVHJgzLUc1kgulofwUNNVPO5lxrYLHEWxj0BpLoWLAoqWS7g/s1363/1.%20anamorfose%20geogr%C3%A1fica.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="553" data-original-width="1363" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiX_7D8JJXvvoDkOVaFYbAsC9FtdgpGZ257X3thAAxIL5n9MZmYYAc2OCUv882Vgbv9rnWfFHCkIvTGJ1tFjRQLVZ0nNTjdmmxZo3-yFlMWdl3ehF5xo7vvpIwkrRBLwHmNFTCRiO4I8OFyVHJgzLUc1kgulofwUNNVPO5lxrYLHEWxj0BpLoWLAoqWS7g/w640-h260/1.%20anamorfose%20geogr%C3%A1fica.png" width="640" /></a></b></span></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">A
anamorfose geográfica ou cartográfica é um tipo de representação do espaço
geográfico que distorce as áreas do mapa, conforme o valor do fenômeno
quantitativo representado, revelando as desigualdades entre as áreas. <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Qual
o fenômeno ou tema que a anamorfose acima apresentada retrata?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">a)
</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">População absoluta. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">b)
</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Gastos militares. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">c)
</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Renda per capita. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">d)
</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Biodiversidade. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">e)
</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Mortes por tsunamis. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></p><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria;">2. (Uel 2023) Leia o texto a seguir.</span></b></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria;">Uma das formas mais conhecidas de representação do mapa-múndi é a baseada na Projeção de Mercator, criada em 1559 pelo geógrafo Gerhard Mercator. Seu trabalho foi revolucionário, já que seu modelo é considerado a primeira representação do mundo com todos os continentes após a expansão marítima europeia. A figura a seguir, feita por um usuário do Reddit (agregador social de notícias ou social bookmarks), compara as medidas da Projeção de Mercator com as extensões verdadeiras de cada país. Por exemplo: a Groenlândia, região autônoma da Dinamarca, aparenta ter duas vezes o tamanho do Brasil, o que está longe de ser verdade: a ilha possui uma área de 2.1 milhões de km2, enquanto o nosso país tem 8.5 milhões de km2.</span></b></p><p><b><span style="font-family: Cambria;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5mDr-K-jg2Qmi2jubn521ZeiJIn6yqElHl4SnrDsRPf3vPtlAINZF_CTkusJ3noLY4A02uS_h2fl-ZTfsB3b44IvNoPI-zvnjocv16Uw_2ZEl2-reD5qBGHc6-fUVQ4uSY-zib-Ivb9ADn1Cgd6nB4W5yiZbPhuxdj1onu_TJ6DZ8Q4vZQhbsUVitS-jm/s1144/2.%20compara%20as%20medidas%20da%20Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20de%20Mercator%20com%20as%20extens%C3%B5es%20verdadeiras%20de%20cada%20pa%C3%ADs.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="769" data-original-width="1144" height="430" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5mDr-K-jg2Qmi2jubn521ZeiJIn6yqElHl4SnrDsRPf3vPtlAINZF_CTkusJ3noLY4A02uS_h2fl-ZTfsB3b44IvNoPI-zvnjocv16Uw_2ZEl2-reD5qBGHc6-fUVQ4uSY-zib-Ivb9ADn1Cgd6nB4W5yiZbPhuxdj1onu_TJ6DZ8Q4vZQhbsUVitS-jm/w640-h430/2.%20compara%20as%20medidas%20da%20Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20de%20Mercator%20com%20as%20extens%C3%B5es%20verdadeiras%20de%20cada%20pa%C3%ADs.png" width="640" /></a></span></b></div><b><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><br />Com base no exposto, considere as afirmativas a seguir.</span></b><p></p><p><span style="font-family: Cambria;">I. Na figura, a razão entre a área real de cada país e sua área aparente, na representação da Projeção de Mercator, é constante.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Cambria;">II. Trata-se de uma projeção cilíndrica com o eixo do cilindro coincidente com o eixo equatorial. Assim, o valor do ângulo é mantido para estabelecer uma melhor precisão no cálculo de localização e distâncias.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Cambria;">III. A projeção de Mercator foi utilizada como instrumento político-ideológico para impor a visão eurocêntrica, transmitindo a ideia de superioridade da Europa em relação às outras partes do mundo.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Cambria;">IV. Na Projeção de Mercator, a Groenlândia aparenta ter duas vezes o tamanho do nosso país, enquanto a real área do Brasil é, pelo menos, 300% maior que a da Groenlândia.</span></p><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><b>Assinale a alternativa correta. </b><br />a) Somente as afirmativas I e II são corretas. <br />b) Somente as afirmativas I e IV são corretas. <br />c) Somente as afirmativas III e IV são corretas. <br />d) Somente as afirmativas I, II e III são corretas. <br />e) Somente as afirmativas II, III e IV são corretas.</span><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">3.
(Unesp 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O MapBiomas é uma rede colaborativa de mapeamento,
com dados de uso da terra, aberta ao público, e baseada nas <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tecnologias da <i>Google Cloud e Google Earth
Engine</i>. Essa rede adota uma metodologia de trabalho diferenciada por bioma,
baseada em técnicas de <i>machine learning</i>, o que permite sua
automatização. O projeto produz e disponibiliza mapas de cobertura e uso da
terra, incorporando camadas de informação relacionadas a cortes territoriais,
tais como Unidades de Conservação (UCs), terras indígenas, assentamentos,
bacias hidrográficas, entre outros. Também são disponibilizados alertas de
desmatamento a partir de dados fornecidos pelos órgãos competentes.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(www.to.gov.br. Adaptado.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
rede colaborativa citada reflete o emprego </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">do sistema de informações geográficas, que permite equilibrar as ações
motivadoras da relação sociedade-natureza. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">da realidade aumentada, que explora uma rede de satélites para monitorar
hotspots de interesse estratégico. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">do sistema de posicionamento global, que oferece dados dinâmicos sobre
as transformações da cobertura vegetal. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">da cartografia digital, que amplia as possibilidades de produção e de
uso das informações geográficas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">do sensoriamento remoto, que propõe planos de manejo adaptados às
realidades de cada porção territorial. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">4.
(Upf 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Para que cada ponto da superfície da Terra pudesse
ser localizado no mapa, foi criado um sistema de linhas imaginárias chamado
Sistema de Coordenadas Geográficas. A coordenada geográfica de um determinado
ponto da superfície da Terra é obtida pela interseção de um meridiano e um
paralelo.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Fonte: https://atlasescolar.ibge.gov.br. Acesso em 02 set. 2022).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">De
acordo com o texto acima, estabeleça a relação entre os termos e os conceitos
utilizados pela cartografia.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">(A)
Paralelos<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">(B) Meridianos<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">(C) Latitude<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">(D) Longitude<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><o:p><span style="font-family: Cambria;"> </span></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">(<span style="color: white; mso-themecolor: background1;">aa</span>) Linhas imaginárias
que cortam a Terra no sentido norte–sul, ligando um polo ao outro.</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">(<span style="color: white; mso-themecolor: background1;">aa</span>) Distância, em graus,
da linha do Equador até o paralelo de um determinado lugar. Seus valores variam
de 0° na Linha do Equador e 90° nos polos, devendo ser indicada também a
posição: no hemisfério sul (S) ou no hemisfério norte (N).</span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">(<span style="color: white; mso-themecolor: background1;">aa</span>) Linhas imaginárias
que circulam a Terra no sentido leste–oeste.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">(<span style="color: white;">aa</span>) Distância, em graus,
entre o meridiano de origem e o meridiano local. Por convenção, adotou-se como
origem o Meridiano de Greenwich (que passa pelo observatório de Greenwich na
Inglaterra).</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
sequência correta de preenchimento dos parênteses, de cima para baixo, é: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">B – C – A – D. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">B – A – C – D. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">C – D – A – B. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">B – C – D – A. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">D – A – C – B. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">5.
(Uemg 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Segundo o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e
Estatística (IBGE), mapa “é a representação no plano, normalmente em escala
pequena, dos aspectos geográficos, naturais, culturais e artificiais de uma área
planetária, delimitada por elementos físicos, ou políticos-administrativos”.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Em
relação a sua finalidade, os mapas estão classificados em:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Gerais, Topográficos, Especiais e Temáticos.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Genéricos, Topográficos, Especiais e Temáticos.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Gerais, Topográficos, Superficiais e Temáticos.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Genéricos, Topográficos, Especiais e Demográficos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">6.
(Fmj 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A distância, por rodovia, entre Brasília e São
Paulo é de 1 010 quilômetros. Essa distância em determinado mapa corresponde a
5 cm. Considerando esses dados, o mapa foi elaborado na escala de </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">1 : 20200000. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">1 : 33000000. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">1 : 825000000. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">1 : 2200000. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">1 : 3300000. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">7.
(Mackenzie 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Times-Bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Trajeto São
Paulo — Rio Quente (Goiás)</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgajtEIbQQq43hLllxALNcerLhhA_1w-nG4OnX8a5mDMKYksfHuxFisAOUYvP0GkjZ2c17T449ImlxiL8YAsCl8cTyBy1nWiTKtNozw8yEXA0-WrXxQ10w9hHxDyuApJg3NBBgG6cxDbkiHqLsTEiCPa1Uy_3bZa-mJQZlh_-rSnAjKlLzNAzLrQFEuXelC/s730/7.%20Trajeto%20S%C3%A3o%20Paulo%20%E2%80%94%20Rio%20Quente%20(Goi%C3%A1s).png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="599" data-original-width="730" height="329" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgajtEIbQQq43hLllxALNcerLhhA_1w-nG4OnX8a5mDMKYksfHuxFisAOUYvP0GkjZ2c17T449ImlxiL8YAsCl8cTyBy1nWiTKtNozw8yEXA0-WrXxQ10w9hHxDyuApJg3NBBgG6cxDbkiHqLsTEiCPa1Uy_3bZa-mJQZlh_-rSnAjKlLzNAzLrQFEuXelC/w400-h329/7.%20Trajeto%20S%C3%A3o%20Paulo%20%E2%80%94%20Rio%20Quente%20(Goi%C3%A1s).png" width="400" /></a></b></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Uma
família paulistana pretende realizar uma viagem de carro com destino ao Rio
Quente, município do Estado de Goiás. Considerando a distância linear no mapa
ser de 9 cm e a escala indicada de 1: 8.500.000, quantos quilômetros,
aproximadamente, essa família terá que percorrer? </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">750 km. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">850 km. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">765 km. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">76 km. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">85 km. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">8.
(Acafe 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sobre o espaço geográfico e as Tecnologias de
Informação e Comunicação (TICs), é CORRETO afirmar: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Atualmente, as informações espaciais são captadas e monitoradas por
satélites e armazenadas, mapeadas e analisadas utilizando-se softwares e
computadores. Todo este conjunto é chamado de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica
(SIG). </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A utilização de novas tecnologias de informação, como a informática e as
telecomunicações, tornou obsoletos a análise espacial e o mapeamento
geográfico. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A Cartografia é um campo de estudos e representações de fenômenos
geográficos, não mantendo contato com outras áreas do conhecimento, como a
Matemática, a História e a Computação. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O Geoprocessamento transforma mapas e plantas em informações
computacionais por meio da utilização de tecnologias gráficas, que dispensam o
sistema de coordenadas geográficas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">9.
(Pucgo Medicina 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No processo de representação do
espaço geográfico em uma folha de papel ou, como é mais frequente atualmente,
na tela do computador, a escala cartográfica é de fundamental importância. Ela
permite indicar, dentro de certos limites, o fator de redução aplicado entre as
distâncias no terreno e suas correspondentes no mapa. Entretanto, a depender da
projeção cartográfica utilizada, essa correspondência pode ser alterada
substancialmente.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Consideradas
essas informações, marque a única alternativa que apresenta a projeção que
menos afeta o desempenho da escala: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Projeção Azimutal, caracterizada pela centralidade em um dos polos;
logo, pela manutenção das distâncias entre o polo considerado e qualquer ponto
no mapa. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Projeção de Peters, caracterizada pela preservação das áreas; logo, pela
manutenção da proporção entre as distâncias nos mapas e suas correspondentes no
terreno. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Projeção de Mollweide, caracterizada pela equivalência; logo, pela
manutenção da proporção das áreas, inclusive nas regiões laterais e polares. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Projeção de Mercator, caracterizada pela preservação das formas; logo,
pela manutenção da área representada. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">10.
(Integrado - Medicina 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Ao elaborar um mapa, é
necessário utilizar técnicas cartográficas para a representação gráfica do
planeta em um plano de duas dimensões, as quais são denominadas de projeções
cartográficas. Assim, é fundamental analisar que todo mapa apresenta alguma
distorção sendo ideal para representar partes ou todo globo. Desta forma sobre
a projeção representada na figura abaixo assinale o que for correto.</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNZLt8pm-I-aP7DR_cyr-FWUD8MizHw1_7i_k4AEi6Gm_GquHMxT1AxF0BJwA2CLvkgLD7FomfC_hqn6Xy7y2Q6AKfX9yE4WKqkp_HczScuOL-PypmgA9LzXzYnuoQmsmk12jTkR6F4rNCc-HGZvvZG3v5wzd7fwDtXTz5FtuZ3Z7CjgvoondEhs4YeqjG/s740/10.%20Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="486" data-original-width="740" height="420" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNZLt8pm-I-aP7DR_cyr-FWUD8MizHw1_7i_k4AEi6Gm_GquHMxT1AxF0BJwA2CLvkgLD7FomfC_hqn6Xy7y2Q6AKfX9yE4WKqkp_HczScuOL-PypmgA9LzXzYnuoQmsmk12jTkR6F4rNCc-HGZvvZG3v5wzd7fwDtXTz5FtuZ3Z7CjgvoondEhs4YeqjG/w640-h420/10.%20Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" width="640" /></a></b></div><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Imagem_x0020_1063405756" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" style="height: 135pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 205.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/jaugu/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.wmz">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Trata-se da projeção cilíndrica de Mercator caracteriza-se por preservar
as formas dos continentes com típica visão eurocêntrica, devido à maior
distância dos paralelos nas médias e altas latitudes distorcendo os polos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Refere-se da projeção cônica onde mantém as dimensões territoriais
exatamente na mesma proporção em que se encontram na realidade, porém
distorcendo a forma dos territórios. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">É uma projeção cilíndrica de Peters e tem como característica principal
os paralelos e meridianos se cruzam formando ângulos sinuosos, as duas
projeções têm funcionalidade para a elaboração de mapas de navegação. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A figura representa uma projeção plana, o qual tem como principal
característica a distorção das áreas e formas do planisfério, ideal para a representação
dos polos por apresentar distorções nas altas latitudes. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">É uma projeção azimutal, onde o globo é envolvido em um plano paralelo
sob o globo, distorcendo as elevadas latitudes, por meio de paralelos
concêntricos que encolhem as baixas latitudes. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">11. (Pucpr Medicina 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O retorno do Talibã ao poder no Afeganistão chamou
a atenção do mundo ao expor o risco do retrocesso democrático no país. O
Afeganistão tem uma localização estratégica no continente asiático, estando sob
o foco tanto da Rússia como da China que irão exercer sua influência na região
após a saída dos Estados Unidos. Neste contexto, torna-se importante
compreender o papel geopolítico da região e conhecer aspectos geográficos do
país.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Um professor de Geografia, ao abordar a situação do
Afeganistão, aproveita a situação para também trabalhar o conceito de escala. O
professor coloca no quadro em uma linha reta de 20 cm, a distância entre
Brasília e Cabul, de aproximadamente 13.500 km e solicita a escala dessa
representação, estando correta a alternativa </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">1 :
6.500.000 </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">1 :
67.500.000 </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">1 :
670.000.000 </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">1 :
6.700.000 </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">1 :
670.000 </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">12. (Pucgo Medicina 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A escala cartográfica é um importante artifício
matemático utilizado na representação do espaço geográfico. Ela permite, por
exemplo, a representação do território brasileiro em uma folha de papel ou,
como é mais comum atualmente, na tela de um computador, indicando a razão entre
as dimensões no mapa e suas correspondentes no terreno.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considerando um mapa na escala 1:36000000, em que
os extremos Leste-Oeste e norte-sul do território brasileiro aparecem separados
por 12 cm e 12,2 cm, respectivamente, assinale a única alternativa que
apresenta a distância real entre os referidos extremos: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">432000000
cm e 4392000 m, respectivamente. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">4320 km
e 4392 hm, respectivamente. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">432000
dam e 43920000 m, respectivamente. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">43200000
dm e 43920 hm, respectivamente. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">13. (Uerj 2022) </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFi8ze227EKaUHUqpIFJSs-CBQ1vTZ1qKoEDDQ6dQ5yQNGQhmvERSGdSaE621bv8PUMjEnLRAWFs337yNGqnGm9n7ayZa-5czMzSoKFYZst0WVy0m3mSHKd-_77a7MYcgt_H4HhTpdoSR3IrqcpEsBn-CDYSGcQVpSvb3Qx0YxOirlaga0rdyk8VMfDmpD/s758/13.%20Enrique%20Chagoya.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="633" data-original-width="758" height="534" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFi8ze227EKaUHUqpIFJSs-CBQ1vTZ1qKoEDDQ6dQ5yQNGQhmvERSGdSaE621bv8PUMjEnLRAWFs337yNGqnGm9n7ayZa-5czMzSoKFYZst0WVy0m3mSHKd-_77a7MYcgt_H4HhTpdoSR3IrqcpEsBn-CDYSGcQVpSvb3Qx0YxOirlaga0rdyk8VMfDmpD/w640-h534/13.%20Enrique%20Chagoya.png" width="640" /></a></b></div><b> </b><b><span style="background: white; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><v:shape id="Imagem_x0020_16" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 214.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 257.25pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
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</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="background: white; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">“O século XX
foi, talvez, o mais violento da história mundial. A humanidade está em
constante guerra consigo mesma e é perfeitamente capaz da destruição total.
Esse é o material bruto para a minha arte”, diz o artista mexicano Enrique
Chagoya. Em um mapa do mundo ladeado por figuras de esperança e de desespero e
coberto por imagens militares e religiosas, assim como por estereótipos
culturais, Chagoya ironiza os Estados Unidos enquanto superpotência e país
defensor da autodeterminação democrática mundo afora.<span style="background: white;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
</p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 8pt;">Adaptado de
HARMON, K. (Org.). <i>The map as art</i>. Nova York: Princeton Architectural
Press, 2009.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Na obra do
artista, identifica-se o uso de um recurso de representação do espaço similar à
seguinte técnica:</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">projeção cartográfica</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">sensoriamento remoto</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">anamorfose geográfica</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">levantamento planimétrico</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">14. (Albert Einstein - Medicina 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Analise a projeção cartográfica.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><b><br /></b></span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3Q8aDv4wb4SAOE8viyGSugIN9GwA8uhuhR5M5Y9Y6merh2Su1dxucMQhCYsHd8IrfV8FR-Gc3xA8mQX43a49EnSlDqyseJCN8JHhIXmv-kAJXtCUgEuh26UmK-3n9dkaNikUIj_SEsy_HxBr22ecMBxht2AnFc-wdk2J5kxxzzXwqbcl6vhCZjPiFQo6W/s649/14.%20Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20Cartogr%C3%A1fica.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="365" data-original-width="649" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3Q8aDv4wb4SAOE8viyGSugIN9GwA8uhuhR5M5Y9Y6merh2Su1dxucMQhCYsHd8IrfV8FR-Gc3xA8mQX43a49EnSlDqyseJCN8JHhIXmv-kAJXtCUgEuh26UmK-3n9dkaNikUIj_SEsy_HxBr22ecMBxht2AnFc-wdk2J5kxxzzXwqbcl6vhCZjPiFQo6W/w640-h360/14.%20Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20Cartogr%C3%A1fica.png" width="640" /></a></b></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f">
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</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Essa projeção cartográfica </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">conserva
a forma dos continentes em detrimento das proporções. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">possui
maiores distorções ao longo dos meridianos centrais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">apresenta
meridianos radiais que se originam de um único ponto nas latitudes médias. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">possui
paralelos com intervalos crescentes do Equador aos polos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">privilegia
continentes em suas formas e áreas, realizando cortes nos espaços oceânicos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">15. (Acafe 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Observe a imagem a seguir:</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><b><br /></b></span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbPYwpyLbNBtk0B2wqmfn4OHvcaKPGkcDJtYGG7gipoSVHJeh67be9DzBRhNnIJ5ejS-E7koFy2fUhHxaMkfrr0VyUfEG9Rk0ipbhcRXpBhabFRD2baWFdWufDcTa4z0g8PHih2EJLnQM85-Bgg7GVw-mlIH5ojADAyym5AGjyshlCPUJY6T6wguDzrnzS/s769/15.%20t%C3%A9cnica%20cartogr%C3%A1fica.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="530" data-original-width="769" height="442" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbPYwpyLbNBtk0B2wqmfn4OHvcaKPGkcDJtYGG7gipoSVHJeh67be9DzBRhNnIJ5ejS-E7koFy2fUhHxaMkfrr0VyUfEG9Rk0ipbhcRXpBhabFRD2baWFdWufDcTa4z0g8PHih2EJLnQM85-Bgg7GVw-mlIH5ojADAyym5AGjyshlCPUJY6T6wguDzrnzS/w640-h442/15.%20t%C3%A9cnica%20cartogr%C3%A1fica.png" width="640" /></a></b></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale a alternativa CORRETA que apresenta o tipo
de técnica cartográfica empregada no mapa acima. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Gráfico
populacional </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Anamorfose
geográfica </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Exagero
vertical </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Mapa-múndi
físico </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">16. (Fmj 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Examine a planta baixa de uma moradia localizada no
Hemisfério Norte.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><b><br /></b></span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9HRYLZEJHZu4xr1X0bTI5ZaJz6CW-6A3k7DYF7mxR56orgWW_O7VnrAq7GEMC73C2qwhtUjC5ctLxvQ0repY631H7AzrSOyfAnzV4zzM9MbPNCKQ3cudCazsGecMuIP1N7jjc_JOGLNp9rKj3nEI7PCzqCYqnE2c4t0_FhymI-lGxdh9-1MQ1l_fiNWPP/s690/16.%20Planta%20baixa.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="690" data-original-width="446" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9HRYLZEJHZu4xr1X0bTI5ZaJz6CW-6A3k7DYF7mxR56orgWW_O7VnrAq7GEMC73C2qwhtUjC5ctLxvQ0repY631H7AzrSOyfAnzV4zzM9MbPNCKQ3cudCazsGecMuIP1N7jjc_JOGLNp9rKj3nEI7PCzqCYqnE2c4t0_FhymI-lGxdh9-1MQ1l_fiNWPP/w414-h640/16.%20Planta%20baixa.png" width="414" /></a></b></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Avaliar a melhor posição solar antes de comprar um
imóvel é tão importante quanto escolher o bairro em que se irá morar. Devido ao
movimento aparente do sol, a orientação solar muda de acordo com a posição do
imóvel. Dessa forma, na planta apresentada, os quartos são mais iluminados e
aquecidos, pois estão posicionados para a face </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">oeste. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">leste. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">norte. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">noroeste.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">sul. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">17. (Fcmscsp 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os mapas temáticos são elaborados a partir de
métodos que consideram as características e as formas de manifestação dos
fenômenos. Assim, na construção de um mapa que apresente os recursos minerais e
energéticos brasileiros, evidenciando sua variedade e sua distribuição, deverá
ser empregado o método </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">quantitativo,
sendo adequado utilizar uma gradação de cores. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">qualitativo,
sendo adequado utilizar pontos com formas diferentes. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ordenado,
sendo adequado utilizar uma variação de tamanhos de uma mesma forma. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">anamórfico,
sendo adequado utilizar a proporcionalidade entre as áreas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">dinâmico,
sendo adequado utilizar setas com diferentes larguras. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">18. (Upf 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Observe as cidades A e B na representação abaixo e
as suas posições geográficas em relação ao perímetro de insolação solar,
decorrentes da dinâmica de rotação da Terra.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><b><br /></b></span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkIFYMBsLNXtRrJfCZbPdqxYDADXE_bt-09VSqewdBo_zqEIF4UqbRovjn6v3ft8Hk9f0MIjt-PPNG4aP8mClyrv5TBJKezNu0lXtOGOM_6zI8ezZVYJtTXxytXGRjhSvhNa6b9GvFmURDXTx9KRamwMhiVOVILzDWGQuHV9SK_ocn4MhsGQLJJKYM9TGZ/s575/18.%20Observe%20as%20cidades%20A%20e%20B%20na%20representa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20abaixo%20e%20as%20suas%20posi%C3%A7%C3%B5es%20geogr%C3%A1ficas%20em%20rela%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20ao%20per%C3%ADmetro%20de%20insola%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20solar.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="481" data-original-width="575" height="335" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkIFYMBsLNXtRrJfCZbPdqxYDADXE_bt-09VSqewdBo_zqEIF4UqbRovjn6v3ft8Hk9f0MIjt-PPNG4aP8mClyrv5TBJKezNu0lXtOGOM_6zI8ezZVYJtTXxytXGRjhSvhNa6b9GvFmURDXTx9KRamwMhiVOVILzDWGQuHV9SK_ocn4MhsGQLJJKYM9TGZ/w400-h335/18.%20Observe%20as%20cidades%20A%20e%20B%20na%20representa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20abaixo%20e%20as%20suas%20posi%C3%A7%C3%B5es%20geogr%C3%A1ficas%20em%20rela%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20ao%20per%C3%ADmetro%20de%20insola%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20solar.png" width="400" /></a></b></div><b><o:p></o:p></b><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><v:shape id="Imagem_x0020_20" o:spid="_x0000_i1027" style="height: 128.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 153pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
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</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Analise as afirmações a seguir sobre essas cidades.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I. Na cidade B, a noite está apenas
começando.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II. Os moradores da cidade A preparam-se para
as atividades do dia porque está amanhecendo.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 7.1pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III. O horário da cidade A está adiantado em
relação ao horário da cidade B.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">É correto apenas o que se afirma em: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II e
III. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I e II. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">19. (Famerp 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os processos florestais estão se tornando mais
dinâmicos a cada dia, portanto, é necessário, de forma cada vez mais ágil e
segura, obter informações determinantes para o correto, sustentável e devido
manejo florestal. Com a técnica adequada, é possível ter informações concretas
de áreas de grande extensão territorial, com características multiespectrais,
com monitoramento frequente e a um custo infinitamente inferior aos processos
presenciais. Ou seja, temos baixo custo, precisão, segurança e resultado, todos
reunidos em um único processo.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(www.labgis.uerj.br.
Adaptado.)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A técnica que cumpre com
as intenções encontradas no excerto é </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
coordenada geográfica. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
simbologia gráfica. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o
sensoriamento remoto. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o perfil
topográfico. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
anamorfose. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">20. (Fuvest 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A pandemia da COVID-19 acendeu o alerta sobre os
impactos que a rápida disseminação de enfermidades produz em um mundo cada vez
mais globalizado. Além disso, ressaltou a importância das pesquisas científicas
na descoberta, tratamento e controle de doenças tropicais negligenciadas,
muitas delas recorrentes em diferentes países do mundo. Os mapas a seguir
indicam as taxas de incidência de doenças tropicais negligenciadas (total de
casos por milhão de habitantes) e o Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) per capita dos
respectivos países.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><b><br /></b></span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFCUslezGxEoL2AbKfvfkL_EXKEke50jCBfONEd0_lbjxY6ViuEOgV5ra-MGrZo3OWUzHT42EPS7mDOf79DHNHkNb62CweSg5FKVOAkryeJQe3TM16SylRYUW_Cm6f8GItudHmc1QmdkFE2AgmtyTbdWUak4zp6LymwJbGM-4MV0ZBspO0j1RdTLn3ewuE/s875/20.%20incid%C3%AAncia%20de%20doen%C3%A7as%20tropicais%20negligenciadas.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="875" data-original-width="666" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFCUslezGxEoL2AbKfvfkL_EXKEke50jCBfONEd0_lbjxY6ViuEOgV5ra-MGrZo3OWUzHT42EPS7mDOf79DHNHkNb62CweSg5FKVOAkryeJQe3TM16SylRYUW_Cm6f8GItudHmc1QmdkFE2AgmtyTbdWUak4zp6LymwJbGM-4MV0ZBspO0j1RdTLn3ewuE/w488-h640/20.%20incid%C3%AAncia%20de%20doen%C3%A7as%20tropicais%20negligenciadas.png" width="488" /></a></span></b></div><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><v:shape id="Imagem_x0020_21" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" style="height: 161.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 267.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
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</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Em relação à incidência de doenças tropicais
negligenciadas, é correto afirmar: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Na
África, é maior nos países com os maiores PIB per capita, em especial na região
subsaariana. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Na Ásia,
é menor nos países com os menores PIB per capita, com destaque para Ásia
Setentrional. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Na
América do Sul, é menor nos países da América Platina, com os menores PIB per
capita da região. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Na
América do Norte, com elevado PIB per capita, a incidência é menor em
comparação ao Oriente Médio.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">e) </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">Na
Oceania, apesar do PIB per capita elevado, verifica-se alta incidência, com
destaque para a Austrália. </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">21. (Pucrs Medicina 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Um avião parte de um ponto sobre a linha do Equador
ao meio-dia, deslocando-se sobre esta mesma linha e em sentido contrário ao da
rotação terrestre. No instante em que atinge a maior velocidade, o sol está
exatamente no ponto mais alto do céu. A partir deste momento, o avião voa a uma
velocidade tal que, a cada uma hora, cruza 15 meridianos. Depois de 6 horas de
voo com velocidade e altura constantes, o piloto informa sua longitude à torre
de comando para preparação do pouso.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O voo ocorreu no dia __________.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">do
solstício de verão do hemisfério Sul </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">do
solstício de inverno do hemisfério Sul </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">do
equinócio de verão do hemisfério Sul </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">do
equinócio de primavera do hemisfério Sul </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">22. (Uerj 2021) </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><b><br /></b></span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQCTnwooLADl7haF6KQN1AuBNiGAS5-rURdWTMADm6BBxHPXMhVn0MUkv3Rc4RZi68X7AQEMcNIoDig8QGKcz9bokuEcQPJYRJNRaAsQAq1C63mgWdcSODH-L2KjjNaNe3QTlzg2SrGUsl5Z63UOlRKMQE_J5wUbo69A8XLrkPt5QBukZp7w6cThallcsM/s885/22.%20Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20de%20Mercator.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="660" data-original-width="885" height="299" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQCTnwooLADl7haF6KQN1AuBNiGAS5-rURdWTMADm6BBxHPXMhVn0MUkv3Rc4RZi68X7AQEMcNIoDig8QGKcz9bokuEcQPJYRJNRaAsQAq1C63mgWdcSODH-L2KjjNaNe3QTlzg2SrGUsl5Z63UOlRKMQE_J5wUbo69A8XLrkPt5QBukZp7w6cThallcsM/w400-h299/22.%20Proje%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20de%20Mercator.png" width="400" /></a></span></b></div><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><br /></span></b><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f">
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</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No mapa, a menor distância real que deve ser
percorrida por um avião em um voo de Nova York para Madri está representada
pela linha 1, e não pela linha 2.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Esse fato é explicado pela: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">forma
esferoidal do planeta </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">força
centrífuga da rotação </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">intensidade
magnética do polo </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">instabilidade
regional da atmosfera </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">23. (Enem PPL 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O Google Earth permite obter imagens aéreas do
terraço da sua casa, acompanhar com detalhes a trajetória de um furacão, a
temível falha geológica de San Andreas, na Califórnia, ou até mesmo passear
pelo Grand Canyon. A nova tecnologia levou a Organização Australiana para a
Ciência Nuclear e a Tecnologia a pedir ao Google que censurasse as imagens, tal
como já fez com fotos aéreas da Casa Branca, na capital americana. O diretor de
operações do organismo australiano se mostrou preocupado, não tanto pelas
informações disponíveis atualmente, mas sim pelo futuro de uma tecnologia que
pode ir longe demais: “Para nós, parece ser importante saber até onde esta
tecnologia pode levar”.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Disponível em: www5.estadao.com.br. Acesso
em: 28 jul. 2012.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O avanço das técnicas cartográficas trouxe como
consequência um maior detalhamento das informações sobre o mundo. A restrição
de alguns países ao amplo acesso a essas informações ocorre porque eles</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">tentam
proteger as bases de dados patenteadas por algumas empresas nacionais,
resguardando seus direitos econômicos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">receiam
divulgar suas riquezas nacionais, tornando-se alvos fáceis para a agenda de
expansão e exploração das multinacionais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">pretendem
ocultar dados econômicos cartografados de natureza sigilosa, muito úteis nas
negociações de acordos aduaneiros. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">temem
ficar expostos a ataques de potenciais inimigos, pela exibição de sua geografia
e de seus pontos militares e civis. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">almejam
manter segredo sobre o potencial atômico que cada nação desenvolve em suas
usinas nucleares, evitando sanções da ONU. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">24. (Pucrj 2021) </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgR6twIwO2RHABJF1s8FYaKAXCmZof6Hysa5vXv6xPLpFmDEGydYThl3M9YbaayThvn-WAf6iL9vISCLTKL66LT2ZNPnlsNmqgMNp9m9iTbnAmVxZqye8YSsR5Sev9Re_z-23IUoWUxyy7m887Eb8OSCoESwGvE8UmCgFLqgZfIcEnecsuVddqNwgK54bqG/s528/24.%20Imagem%20de%20sat%C3%A9lite.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="438" data-original-width="528" height="331" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgR6twIwO2RHABJF1s8FYaKAXCmZof6Hysa5vXv6xPLpFmDEGydYThl3M9YbaayThvn-WAf6iL9vISCLTKL66LT2ZNPnlsNmqgMNp9m9iTbnAmVxZqye8YSsR5Sev9Re_z-23IUoWUxyy7m887Eb8OSCoESwGvE8UmCgFLqgZfIcEnecsuVddqNwgK54bqG/w400-h331/24.%20Imagem%20de%20sat%C3%A9lite.png" width="400" /></a></span></b></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Imagem de satélite feita à noite, em 2015, sobre o
Extremo Oriente. Levando-se em consideração que o número 1 está sobre o
Nordeste da República Popular da China e o número 3 está sobre o Mar Amarelo, o
número 2 está sobre parte de uma península asiática onde se delimita um país
chamado </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Taiwan. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Coreia
do Norte. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Cingapura.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Vietnã.</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -11.35pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -11.35pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">25. (Ifpe 2020) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Existem mapas que remontam ao ano 6.000 a. C. O
primeiro mapa-múndi foi publicado em 1569, pelo belga Mercator, que utilizou
uma projeção para representar a superfície esférica da Terra sobre uma
superfície plana. Esse tipo de mapa é o mais comumente utilizado hoje e
denomina-se planisfério.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O globo é a representação mais fiel da superfície
terrestre, pois, apesar de não ser rico em detalhes, possui forma semelhante à
da Terra. Todo bom mapa deve conter quatro elementos principais: título,
escala, coordenadas geográficas e legenda. Eles asseguram a leitura e a
interpretação precisas das informações.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O texto aborda informações acerca de uma importante
área do conhecimento, fundamental para a Ciência Geográfica na representação do
espaço geográfico. Essa área é a </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">astronomia.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">demografia.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">cartografia.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">geologia.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">pedologia.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">26. (Unisc 2016) Entre os diversos
elementos que compõem um mapa, encontra-se a escala. Ela pode ser definida como
a proporção existente entre as distâncias lineares representadas no “papel” e
as existentes na superfície real. No caso das escalas numéricas, a
representação é feita por meio de uma fração em que o numerador indica a
distância medida no mapa enquanto o denominador informa a distância real.
Partindo disso, assinale a alternativa cuja escala indica um maior detalhamento
da área representada.</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><br />a) 1:10.000<br />b) 1:50.000<br />c) 1: 200.000<br />d) 1: 300.000<br />e) 1: 4.000.000</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"> </span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">27. (Ufrgs 2016) Observe o mapa abaixo,
com representação em curvas de nível.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><b><br /></b></span><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEig6oM5D2PCrSVPNaezCBxChmumTzY5BMSRnbjzC0ky2XCFmBFYno6-EaoisEWR5u94ysCpbCywduacNHIbGf0AijyC-VYUa8E8z1mgsDEYruO7KSAeD72oyh7MeReEewoZTtEW2Lg33a-DFww_IjrFxt8ZMUH2A8wXh_3KUNpzhpPYUIeuavJBSJPuDwVp/s589/27.%20Relevo.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="358" data-original-width="589" height="243" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEig6oM5D2PCrSVPNaezCBxChmumTzY5BMSRnbjzC0ky2XCFmBFYno6-EaoisEWR5u94ysCpbCywduacNHIbGf0AijyC-VYUa8E8z1mgsDEYruO7KSAeD72oyh7MeReEewoZTtEW2Lg33a-DFww_IjrFxt8ZMUH2A8wXh_3KUNpzhpPYUIeuavJBSJPuDwVp/w400-h243/27.%20Relevo.png" width="400" /></a></span></b></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Considere as afirmações sobre o relevo
em que estão localizados os indivíduos A, B e C.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">I. O indivíduo <b>A </b>está sobre um
relevo de cuesta com o front voltado para sudoeste.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">II. O indivíduo <b>B </b>está sobre um
ponto mais íngreme da vertente, se comparado ao indivíduo <b>C</b>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">III. As formas de relevo assemelham-se quanto à
altitude, porém diferenciam-se quanto à simetria.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Quais estão corretas?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) Apenas I. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) Apenas II. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) Apenas III. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) Apenas II e III. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">e) I, II e III. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">28. (Uerj 2016) Compare as imagens
a seguir. Na Imagem 1, apresenta-se o desenho original do perfil de uma cabeça
humana sobre uma representação possível do globo terrestre. Na Imagem 2, esse
mesmo desenho é apresentado em um planisfério elaborado com a projeção
cartográfica de Mercator, que é utilizada desde o período das grandes
navegações.</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5fQfjT5YPTrVdL6QXpaY0b-C3SIrjw4ITaLFxaNzALzhyOKDUDZzUlUms-5nK4znnF81InLZtjVGg84iSL_fhEL9df-cBY1X2hlu3TW1l0we49lfRQvpJAeIvezS3-Z9v8BCzMPcDwBq68q-GcyLHxJ3K8cN5xWvf30I5n7bLKieHHW5gljWDyHYIeM0Y/s531/28.%20perfil%20de%20uma%20cabe%C3%A7a%20humana.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="261" data-original-width="531" height="314" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5fQfjT5YPTrVdL6QXpaY0b-C3SIrjw4ITaLFxaNzALzhyOKDUDZzUlUms-5nK4znnF81InLZtjVGg84iSL_fhEL9df-cBY1X2hlu3TW1l0we49lfRQvpJAeIvezS3-Z9v8BCzMPcDwBq68q-GcyLHxJ3K8cN5xWvf30I5n7bLKieHHW5gljWDyHYIeM0Y/w640-h314/28.%20perfil%20de%20uma%20cabe%C3%A7a%20humana.png" width="640" /></a></span></b></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Com base na comparação entre essas imagens,
conclui-se que o território das Américas que tem a área mais ampliada com o uso
da projeção de Mercator é:</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) Brasil <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) México <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) Argentina <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) Groenlândia </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">29. (IFSP 2016) Sobre Greenwich e os
fusos horários, é correto o que se afirma em:</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">I. Os fusos horários estão estabelecidos no planeta
com base em uma linha longitudinal de referência que é a do meridiano de
Greenwich.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">II. Ao todo são vinte e quatro fusos horários ao
todo.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">III. Ao todo são vinte e seis fusos horários ao
todo.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">IV. Greenwich é o meridiano que divide o globo
terrestre em dois hemisférios: oriental e ocidental.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">V. Greenwich é o meridiano que divide o globo
terrestre em dois hemisférios: norte e sul.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">VI. Greenwich é o nome de uma cidade que está
localizada na Inglaterra e no meio do planeta.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) Somente II, III e VI são corretas. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) Somente I, II e V são corretas. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) Somente I, III, IV e V são corretas.
<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) Somente II, IV e V são corretas. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">e) Somente I, II, IV e VI são corretas. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">30. (Upf 2016) O mapa múndi que se
apresenta é uma anamorfose e está representado de modo que o tamanho dos países
e continentes depende da quantidade de habitantes.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><b><br /></b></span><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2nmXzfDJBH7r7W4QefP1lQj4wMcvMfOmybf3gBYe4GmN3MpxbPGA9G2Pil8yKqq_c7TIq28UC4bwgwQcuZpGEBi1rF7op-QCof6lV2UxrUwdKO_3g1u2jl-dySZoTwXe7WbvtH42B339qb37YbbtMV6H3WuwdmgToLtsKwIgvtwS7ZayEp-79GfNNaJHI/s1003/30.%20O%20mapa%20m%C3%BAndi%20que%20se%20apresenta%20%C3%A9%20uma%20anamorfose.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="697" data-original-width="1003" height="444" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2nmXzfDJBH7r7W4QefP1lQj4wMcvMfOmybf3gBYe4GmN3MpxbPGA9G2Pil8yKqq_c7TIq28UC4bwgwQcuZpGEBi1rF7op-QCof6lV2UxrUwdKO_3g1u2jl-dySZoTwXe7WbvtH42B339qb37YbbtMV6H3WuwdmgToLtsKwIgvtwS7ZayEp-79GfNNaJHI/w640-h444/30.%20O%20mapa%20m%C3%BAndi%20que%20se%20apresenta%20%C3%A9%20uma%20anamorfose.png" width="640" /></a></span></b></div><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2327980403783605222/93992132062409914"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration-line: none;"><v:shape href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2327980403783605222/93992132062409914" id="Imagem_x0020_13" o:button="t" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 182.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 262.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/jaugu/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.png">
</v:imagedata></v:fill></v:shape></span></a><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Sobre o que está apresentado,
é correto afirmar que:</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) a Austrália, populosa, fica sub-representada,
embora tenha uma grande extensão territorial. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) os países norte-americanos praticamente mantêm
sua área original, pois possuem grandes populações. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) o continente africano parece muito menor,
mostrando o quanto é pouco populoso. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) A Ásia tem a área ampliada, o que mostra que
alguns países são muito populosos. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">e) A Europa Ocidental, por ser uma área pouco
povoada, aparece com pouca expressão no mapa. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.portaldovestibulando.com/2023/07/cartografia-gabarito.html" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="55" data-original-width="266" height="55" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirLaEYkdhE2b5zj0T6diBaIcKIhZdRtOL4QWI3dGx2LnpdghCvqeqiT1yB-9Olz7H4riUeDJ9IOeIqFEEFue1Jq5nXO5TsB93k6MW6aqST1KCtHZKGOQGT_OE-RtOxLiRn1pY48IvGieS4_wWesU5AD6ci2q2PoouvCyYAtCOlcWppqUYfIqMBoRTMQshT/s1600/Gabarito.png" width="266" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/file/pur6hb8cjotbfha/Geografia+-+Cartografia.pdf/file" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYcmhAAdfrmRnICjkRR5IerERAGKA7wOhd2IGdJcAi1DbsWI898GtuMSjAMEMrz8L34nB0JT4FRLEohMQMD1XAAHKvISp_Nud5YpzalQ7P8QieLcIGHlgc1tohU-cVr9TA0dSw_5ggeff29fW_AldxSeeawcMJcpYKNCXktZoM6mkVsZgrEEswnt14q8e5/s1600/Lista%20de%20exerc%C3%ADcios.png" width="275" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><p></p><span style="font-family: Cambria;"></span></div>Portal do Vestibulandohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03466686065222700679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5538522159417475835.post-2007818167428330822023-07-04T09:21:00.001-04:002023-07-04T09:21:07.220-04:00Brasil: Transportes e Comunicações - Lista de Exercícios - Questões de Vestibulares e Concursos<p> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">1.
(Pucrs Medicina 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considere a canção <i>Ponta de
Areia</i>, de Milton Nascimento e Fernando Brant.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><br />Ponta de areia<br />Ponto final<br />Da Bahia-Minas<br />Estrada natural<br />Que ligava Minas<br />Ao porto, ao mar<br />Caminho de ferro<br />Mandaram arrancar<br />Velho maquinista<br />Com seu boné<br />Lembra o povo alegre<br />Que vinha cortejar<br />Maria-fumaça<br />Não canta mais<br />Para a moça, as flores<br />Janelas e quintais<br />Na praça vazia<br />Um grito, um ai<br />Casas esquecidas<br />Viúvas nos portais<br /></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Escrita
em 1975, a canção trata das transformações pelas quais a região em destaque
passava. Ao interpretá-la à luz da Geografia, assinale a alternativa correta. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A transformação espacial abordada pode ser explicada pelo avanço do meio
técnico-científico-informacional sobre áreas naturais, na medida em que os espaços
sofrem alterações com a territorialização de novas infraestruturas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A transformação espacial abordada pode ser explicada pelo avanço do meio
técnico-científico-informacional, na medida em que os espaços sofrem alterações
com a retirada de infraestrutura visando à sustentabilidade socioambiental. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A transformação da paisagem em questão é fruto da modernização pela qual
o país passava, alterando o modo de transporte dos minérios extraídos de Minas
Gerais, que passou a ser realizado por rodovias. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A transformação espacial abordada é fruto da redistribuição das técnicas
de modo seletivo nos territórios, produzindo, nesse caso, a supressão de
infraestrutura. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">2.
(Ufam-psc 3 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Leia o texto a seguir:</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Olhando
para a Amazônia e para o estado do Amazonas, chama atenção a representação dos
rios que entrecortam todo o estado, os quais foram fundamentais para a
conquista do território em tempos pretéritos e permitem a navegação de
embarcações.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Fonte: OLIVEIRA NETO, T.; NOGUEIRA, R.J.B. <i>Os transportes e as
dinâmicas territoriais no Amazonas</i>, <i>Confins</i> [Online], 43 | 201.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sobre
a rede de transporte fluvial na Amazônia, é INCORRETO afirmar que: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o transporte em embarcações como “lanchas”, “a Jato” ou “expresso”
ocorre unicamente entre a cidade de Manaus e as cidades de Parintins, Tefé,
Coari e Itacoatiara. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">uma das modalidades fluviais é o roll-on/roll-off amazônico, conhecido
também como Ro-Ro Caboclo, com o transporte de carretas e contêineres em balsas
e em comboios fluviais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o transporte fluvial de cargas é composto por empresas que se utilizam
de várias embarcações (rebocadores e comboios fluviais) e realizam viagem entre
Manaus-Belém e Manaus-Porto Velho, principalmente através dos rios Amazonas e
Madeira. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">uma das particularidades do transporte fluvial da região amazônica é a
dispersão da população ao longo de uma rota fluvial. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o comércio da borracha silvestre foi responsável pela instalação de
linhas regulares de navegação que ligavam Manaus a Gênova, a Liverpool e a Nova
Iorque. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">3.
(Unesp 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Examine o mapa.</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHGL1YX826dt30C5EY_6RmyCtzx6LjhAx4bPhskI_XPoXEfnttEr3WQS-M6L1Re-vz5mkrRW9LGOQjBAF7NCyskzvW3tO5glDJfJS2ryMOjoM6EeKW0hsXQNBKZNgIZv4q0UJz-3wSQxh9f-ohxNGwXX9JqcDnX2mumb7Y7BXMHxaJzfcUEZ5d47ep21Cm/s970/3.%20Total%20de%20domic%C3%ADlios%20com%20computador.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="942" data-original-width="970" height="622" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHGL1YX826dt30C5EY_6RmyCtzx6LjhAx4bPhskI_XPoXEfnttEr3WQS-M6L1Re-vz5mkrRW9LGOQjBAF7NCyskzvW3tO5glDJfJS2ryMOjoM6EeKW0hsXQNBKZNgIZv4q0UJz-3wSQxh9f-ohxNGwXX9JqcDnX2mumb7Y7BXMHxaJzfcUEZ5d47ep21Cm/w640-h622/3.%20Total%20de%20domic%C3%ADlios%20com%20computador.png" width="640" /></a></b></div><b><o:p></o:p></b><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os
dados representados no mapa evidenciam</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">homogeneidade no avanço tecnológico. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">intolerância às mudanças socioeconômicas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">desigualdade no acesso à informação. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">heterogeneidade no setor privado de logística. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">equidade no setor de telecomunicações. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">4.
(Pucrj 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No Código Nacional de Trânsito brasileiro, a
legislação é muito clara em relação à importância das vias e sua classificação
para a circulação nos espaços urbanos e rurais do país.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Dentre
os pontos de conhecimento geográfico necessários na legislação, as estradas
vicinais são destacadas pela importância que têm para </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">classificar o grau de conexão entre os estados. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">proporcionar acesso às propriedades rurais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">conectar as rodovias federais às estaduais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">diferenciar as rodovias das vias sem asfalto. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">interligar os espaços rurais e urbanos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">5.
(Fmj 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) marcou o
julgamento da ação que paralisa a Ferrogrão, projeto ferroviário que liga o
Mato Grosso ao Pará. O empreendimento foi suspenso por liminar de março de 2021
que questiona a alteração dos limites da Floresta Nacional do Jamanxim, no
Pará, para a passagem dos trilhos. Em defesa da ferrovia, o governo diz que o
projeto reduz o custo do transporte de grãos do Mato Grosso ao substituir
milhares de caminhões que hoje trafegam pela BR-163, rota usada para escoar a
produção por portos fluviais no Pará. A pressão contrária ao projeto não se
limita ao Brasil. Em agosto de 2021, uma delegação internacional de ativistas e
políticos esteve no país para questionar o projeto, que é encarado como uma
“nova Belo Monte”, com relação à grande dimensão dos danos causados ao meio
ambiente e às comunidades tradicionais locais.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Nicola Pamplona. “STF marca julgamento de ação que trava ferrovia na
Amazônia”. www1.folha.uol.com.br, 03.06.2022. Adaptado.)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
oposição descrita no excerto faz menção </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">à valorização econômica e territorial e à redução dos impactos humanos
de sobre o meio ambiente. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">à possibilidade de redução do chamado Custo Brasil e à ampliação dos
impactos socioambientais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">à construção da estrutura energética e à manutenção das condições
naturais da fauna e flora regional. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">à disponibilidade de investimentos em corredores ecológicos e à
ampliação das ações de preservação ambiental no Brasil. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">à viabilidade do processo de integração regional e à intensificação das
políticas agroextrativistas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">6. (Fuvest-Ete 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Nos últimos anos, ganhou destaque na paisagem
urbana das grandes cidades a presença maciça de <i>motoboys</i>; parte expressiva deles são entregadores por aplicativos.
Além deles, motoristas de aplicativos já haviam ganhado espaço como
responsáveis por mais uma forma de mobilidade urbana. Muitos autores acreditam
que esteja ocorrendo um processo geral denominado "uberização" do
trabalho, como argumenta Ludmila Abílio: "A uberização evidencia o
presente e as tendências da gestão e subordinação do trabalho, que operam na </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">indistinção entre vigilância, controle e
gerenciamento do trabalho. Envolve a possibilidade de extração, processamento e
gerenciamento de dados em dimensões gigantescas e ao mesmo tempo centralizadas,
contando com as possibilidades contemporâneas de mapeamento integral do
processo produtivo. Esse mapeamento e gerenciamento hoje incorporam, de novas
maneiras ainda pouco conhecidas, a vida cotidiana de trabalhadores, usuários,
consumidores.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ABÍLIO, Ludmila Costhek. <i>Uberização: a era do trabalhador just-in-time? </i>Estudos Avançados,
34 (98).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Nesse texto há uma definição de uberização.
Assinale a alternativa que, segundo essa definição, está correta. A uberização
do trabalho </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">é um
fenômeno restrito ao trabalho de entregadores e motoristas de aplicativos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">representa
maior autonomia dos trabalhadores nos seus postos de trabalho. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">apoia-se
no desenvolvimento tecnológico de mapea¬mento de grande quantidade de dados
para gerenciar os processos de trabalho. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">significa
que todos os trabalhos, no futuro, serão gerenciados por grandes empresas de
aplicativos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">é um
processo que não depende das informações da vida cotidiana dos usuários,
consumidores e trabalhadores. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">7. (Pucrj 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Observe o esquema referente à ampliação do setor
portuário e seu contexto urbano.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHvhu2edJzfue27Mxs9wtep4BfeVJtYzhcY80QDx38U7ZlMlrmMP_FF-4NaYyHVukuMWuwPN-YeDGOxxr-t6lCtN12Zs6-9JmtM9BMzuYNXpOvOPVPONmZFSGJDMAEQNhyg3wP0rN38wb2chJ-qu3ooc07t1nDnJT7APQpxwq7yoGwltQoiTKnHqxViZZM/s755/7.%20Amplia%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20do%20setor%20portu%C3%A1rio.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="488" data-original-width="755" height="414" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHvhu2edJzfue27Mxs9wtep4BfeVJtYzhcY80QDx38U7ZlMlrmMP_FF-4NaYyHVukuMWuwPN-YeDGOxxr-t6lCtN12Zs6-9JmtM9BMzuYNXpOvOPVPONmZFSGJDMAEQNhyg3wP0rN38wb2chJ-qu3ooc07t1nDnJT7APQpxwq7yoGwltQoiTKnHqxViZZM/w640-h414/7.%20Amplia%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20do%20setor%20portu%C3%A1rio.png" width="640" /></a></b></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale a opção correta: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
expansão portuária reduz a poluição urbana. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
dinâmica portuária diminui o preço do solo urbano. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
atividade portuária afasta do centro urbano o comércio diversificado. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
especialização portuária estimula o transporte multimodal na área urbana. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">8. (Fmc 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As grandes capitais brasileiras, como São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro, estão
propícias à intensificação da pandemia de covid-19 porque são </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">mais
abertas ao turismo e aos negócios por apresentarem índices de desenvolvimento
elevados e poucos contrastes sociais, na mesma medida das cidades nordestinas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">mais
desenvolvidas industrialmente e sem uma cobertura verde que possa servir de
barreira para a entrada de epidemias, criando políticas de sustentabilidade
próximas às implementadas na região amazônica, diminuindo, com isso, os
contrastes econômicos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">menos
expostas aos vírus e às epidemias, uma vez que seu desenvolvimento econômico
garante a presença de uma atenção maior para a saúde coletiva, ultrapassando o
modelo do SUS, e reduzindo os contrastes sociais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">pontos
de referência para outros deslocamentos no Brasil, fazendo com que seus portos
e aeroportos sejam portas abertas para a circulação do vírus e a disseminação
de infecção, além de serem aquelas que apresentam maiores contrastes sociais
desde a Revolução de 1930. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">menos
capacitadas para enfrentar situações de crise por falta de incentivos privados
e públicos ao desenvolvimento urbano e por ausência de controle dos seus portos
e aeroportos, provocando uma circulação de doenças nas áreas centrais e
históricas, onde se concentra a população de alta renda. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">9. (Ueg 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Observe a imagem a seguir.</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwsuUPahR6byA4FybWEvLM0K0etJN52EShUEUVGrgHK0OTIXdQbxCe6vXKqfWOzaX9jCZQjxSRqAAFYG0SKrVOZhukfZg9Vh6hRcbKXV_b3wl5d3MWDe2HIG7S3YnxFA4VcD3hWALhAdikieNf7gkI2z9z60-sdeRcDVNV_VF2RZNGtdLUsWquA85TCzU4/s702/9.%20Mobilidade%20urbana%20no%20Brasil.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="590" data-original-width="702" height="336" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwsuUPahR6byA4FybWEvLM0K0etJN52EShUEUVGrgHK0OTIXdQbxCe6vXKqfWOzaX9jCZQjxSRqAAFYG0SKrVOZhukfZg9Vh6hRcbKXV_b3wl5d3MWDe2HIG7S3YnxFA4VcD3hWALhAdikieNf7gkI2z9z60-sdeRcDVNV_VF2RZNGtdLUsWquA85TCzU4/w400-h336/9.%20Mobilidade%20urbana%20no%20Brasil.png" width="400" /></a></b></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A questão da mobilidade urbana no Brasil,
apresentada na imagem, é decorrente: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">do
incipiente investimento em transporte coletivo, como metrôs, trens urbanos e
corredores de ônibus. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">do
planejamento urbano e da evolução dos transportes coletivos nas grandes cidades
brasileiras. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">das
políticas de mobilidade que atendem as áreas centrais e periféricas das
cidades. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">da
flexibilidade no horário das atividades urbanas, distribuindo-as ao longo do
dia. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">do
incentivo ao uso de ciclovias, caronas coletivas e rodízios de carros. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">10. (Famema 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Analise o gráfico.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><b><br /></b></span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjscuBoSLCbEgPMA7EfNhB9i97ysPf8kJp4RJAY9vfCtnnVAakS2M8wCscmpybHo0cxsKXMqh4Mx0E4oQxJA_0mRhy0c8SF2dsAMkyaIPSDD-tjf76rEge-CRHcgt_0l9YyV4UqBfidCeBISVaUP4cyyPLZ4ct5A0xs2Nspcp_g1m3lWFTgca1YFcBdsiQH/s672/10.%20Com%C3%A9rcio%20eletr%C3%B4nico%20brasileiro.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="315" data-original-width="672" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjscuBoSLCbEgPMA7EfNhB9i97ysPf8kJp4RJAY9vfCtnnVAakS2M8wCscmpybHo0cxsKXMqh4Mx0E4oQxJA_0mRhy0c8SF2dsAMkyaIPSDD-tjf76rEge-CRHcgt_0l9YyV4UqBfidCeBISVaUP4cyyPLZ4ct5A0xs2Nspcp_g1m3lWFTgca1YFcBdsiQH/w640-h301/10.%20Com%C3%A9rcio%20eletr%C3%B4nico%20brasileiro.png" width="640" /></a></b></div><b><o:p></o:p></b><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><v:shape id="Imagem_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_i1030" style="height: 125.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 266.25pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/jaugu/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.wmz">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O contexto expresso no gráfico indica a necessidade
brasileira de </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">incentivar
políticas de obsolescência programada. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">aumentar
os investimentos no setor de logística. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">reavaliar
as infraestruturas dedicadas ao marketing. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">promover
a organização de compras coletivas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">combater
os resquícios do consumo consciente. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">11. (Ufjf-pism 2 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“Apesar do imbróglio judicial que envolve o Porto
Seco de Juiz de Fora, as operações na estação aduaneira seguem sem
interrupções. Os rumores de que as atividades seriam encerradas foram
desmentidos pela administradora Multiterminais Alfandegados do Brasil à
Tribuna. O local segue funcionando sob liminar e, no dia 21 de fevereiro,
recebeu a autorização especial da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária
(Anvisa) para prestação de serviços de armazenagem de mercadorias como
medicamentos, cosméticos e alimentos.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Disponível em: https://tribunademinas.com.br/noticias/economia/04-05-2019/porto-seco-recebe-autorizacao-para-operar-commedicamentos-cosmeticos-e-alimentos.html.
Acesso em 06/11/2020</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sobre os chamados “Portos Secos” pode-se afirmar
CORRETAMENTE que são: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Portos
existentes em rios, ou áreas alagadas como o Pantanal Matogrossense, que são
intermitentes, ou seja, secam em determinado período do ano, tornando sua
função inviável durante o período da estiagem. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Portos
livres da corrupção comumente atrelada à atividade portuária e dos pagamentos
indevidos de impostos que oneram as atividades de importação e de exportação de
produtos industrializados. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Portos
livres das taxas alfandegárias que oneram o chamado “custo Brasil”, retirando
os excessivos impostos que incidem sobre produtos importados, encarecendo-os e
induzindo à consequente inflação. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Portos
existentes em antigas áreas marítimas, fluviais ou pantaneiras que foram
drenadas e aterradas para dar lugar à instalação de meios transportes
intermodais como ferrovias, rodovias e aeroportos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Áreas
secundárias às atividades alfandegárias, normalmente conectadas a uma rede de
transportes intermodais, nos quais se permite a estocagem e trâmites especiais
de pagamentos alfandegários. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">12. (Ufjf-pism 2 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Observe a imagem, leia atentamente o texto indicado
e responda à questão abaixo:</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqAZruPR5O6J0-sIDoqkJ7MjBCFLySohEacN6wE0g7YiAI25nyCX3UiZeTNObA9qYg3K6KSFuPcHJ_Qev-m31Qa2DcJcxEnKv_1U2fH9jVTXIUKHH_XD4a1pisYN3KTclNNM-l8NI8XtXgbHg0XQwYZstqpEB8sj9D1Jmt0NPP_UI2GthLJ41qORqVLs5U/s768/12.%20Repavimenta%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20da%20BR%20319.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="496" data-original-width="768" height="414" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqAZruPR5O6J0-sIDoqkJ7MjBCFLySohEacN6wE0g7YiAI25nyCX3UiZeTNObA9qYg3K6KSFuPcHJ_Qev-m31Qa2DcJcxEnKv_1U2fH9jVTXIUKHH_XD4a1pisYN3KTclNNM-l8NI8XtXgbHg0XQwYZstqpEB8sj9D1Jmt0NPP_UI2GthLJ41qORqVLs5U/w640-h414/12.%20Repavimenta%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20da%20BR%20319.png" width="640" /></a></b></div><b><o:p></o:p></b><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><v:shape id="Imagem_x0020_4" o:spid="_x0000_i1029" style="height: 172.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 267.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/jaugu/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.wmz">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Repavimentação
da BR-319 pode quadruplicar desmatamento no Amazonas</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> Um
estudo inédito sobre o possível impacto Ambiental provocado pela pavimentação
da rodovia BR-319 mostra que o desmatamento acumulado no estado do Amazonas
pode aumentar quatro vezes até 2050. (...) E mais: seria praticamente
impossível que o Brasil cumprisse acordos climáticos internacionais, por causa
do aumento de emissões de gases de efeito estufa.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> O
estudo do Laboratório de Gestão de Serviços Ambientais da Universidade Federal
de Minas Gerais (UFMG) projeta dois cenários para o período (2017 a 2050), um
sem e o outro com obras na rodovia.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> O
primeiro cenário, sem a pavimentação, mantém a média anual de desmatamento dos
últimos cinco anos, que é de 1,1 mil km<sup>2</sup>, segundo dados do
Prodes/Inpe. No segundo, com a pavimentação, (...) elevaria as taxas de
desmatamento chegando a 9,4 mil km<sup>2</sup> anuais em 2050. O desmatamento
acumulado no Amazonas de 2017 a 2050 passaria então de 40 mil km<sup>2</sup> no
primeiro cenário, para 170 mil km<sup>2</sup> no segundo - quatro vezes mais
com a pavimentação.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Adaptado de:
https://www.dw.com/pt-br/repavimenta%C3%A7%C3%A3o-da-br-319-pode-quadruplicar-desmatamento-no-amazonas/a-55506804.
Acesso em 08/11/2020.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Escolha a opção que explica CORRETAMENTE a relação
entre a pavimentação da BR 319 e os Impactos Ambientais descritos no texto. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
pavimentação da rodovia a converteria em uma disseminadora natural do fogo, na
medida em que os resíduos petroquímicos utilizados na manta asfáltica entram em
combustão em altas temperaturas, como ocorre na região Amazônica. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
pavimentação da rodovia estimularia fluxos migratórios, expansão de atividades
agrícolas, mineradoras e de atividades extrativistas (madeira) e a ocupação de
terras, o que causaria o aumento exponencial do desmatamento. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
pavimentação da rodovia permitirá um melhor uso do solo na região, utilizando o
“fogo frio para combater o fogo na região amazônica, concentrando as queimadas
no entorno da BR 319”, conforme defendeu o ministro do Meio Ambiente, Ricardo
Salles. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
pavimentação da rodovia provocaria maiores manifestações sociais, como as dos
povos tradicionais, agricultores familiares e grupos de camponeses sem terra,
que costumam depredar e incendiar a mata em suas ações reivindicatórias. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
relação entre a pavimentação da rodovia e o desmatamento previsto nessa
reportagem é falacioso, pois com a melhoria da rodovia, as atividades
econômicas poderão ser melhor fiscalizadas e o índice de queimadas tenderá a
diminuir. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">13. (Pucpr Medicina 2020) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Um dos temas mais polêmicos do ano de 2019
refere-se à questão envolvendo os patinetes elétricos. Essa questão gerou
embates na cidade de São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e Curitiba e envolve o código
brasileiro de trânsito que entrou em vigor em 1998. Porém as primeiras regras
em relação a esses tipos de veículos surgiram em 2013, destacando as seguintes
normas:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">circulação apenas em
calçadas, ciclovias e ciclofaixas.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">velocidade máxima de 6
km/h em calçadas e 20 km/h em ciclovias e ciclofaixas.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">capacete não é
obrigatório.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Fonte: <https://g1.globo.com/sp/sao-paulo/noticia/2019/05/31/patinetes-entenda-a-polemica-entre-a-prefeitura-de-sp-e-as-empresas-de-compartilhamento.ghtml>.
Acesso em: 10/08/19.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale a alternativa que apresenta uma
consequência positiva e outra negativa para a população no que diz respeito ao
tema. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Redução
dos custos de transportes coletivos - aumento da criminalidade. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Aumento
das áreas de lazer - diminuição da fiscalização no trânsito. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Redução
da economia compartilhada - proibição do uso de patinetes para crianças e
adolescentes. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Diminuição
da poluição - aumento do número de acidentes. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Limitação
da velocidade em áreas urbanas - restrição do uso dos patinetes ao centro das
grandes cidades. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">14. (Uerj 2016) </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibuyUnyWm7sfSYjLWuivwKtAyJGfxDtp6W3NkcZvEqZOs4hQr10izb5L9vZ3BGBt5NLkzknqP-o07ENBQVSrXhL5rrbgHs8NuncX51WtgE6iKJyJFVVweDN9hazXbUm5wbPZf7kh4Ec9cKJaX24t0gAqRb99wqGbNciFdxZ3kSt0iBnRrbFZiZcR2mWMPU/s809/14.%20Liga%C3%A7%C3%B5es%20a%C3%A9reas%20de%20passageiros.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="809" data-original-width="706" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibuyUnyWm7sfSYjLWuivwKtAyJGfxDtp6W3NkcZvEqZOs4hQr10izb5L9vZ3BGBt5NLkzknqP-o07ENBQVSrXhL5rrbgHs8NuncX51WtgE6iKJyJFVVweDN9hazXbUm5wbPZf7kh4Ec9cKJaX24t0gAqRb99wqGbNciFdxZ3kSt0iBnRrbFZiZcR2mWMPU/w558-h640/14.%20Liga%C3%A7%C3%B5es%20a%C3%A9reas%20de%20passageiros.png" width="558" /></a></b></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">No mapa, são informados tanto a
intensidade dos fluxos de passageiros por via aérea quanto o correspondente
movimento de passageiros em cada cidade, no ano de 2010.</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">De acordo com as informações, a rede de
cidades do Brasil é caracterizada pelo seguinte aspecto:</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) prevalência de centro primaz <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) ocorrência de hierarquia urbana <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) constituição de áreas conurbadas <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) periferização de regiões metropolitanas </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">15. (Unicamp 2016) </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCFACPNzaSB2SrMZLfqZluQin87P0rBcxCt184N_JBtsujqKWGxzkkHpc3gn6Kl9wrdDP2HwMeDBqXxDGx2VdnPDrNKF5qgNyOGxpWTnR8TgB4mOZ6jsPCJ-vjWuFxTR43ol2ZxRGZ1Ycp3OV11e7vwFT5hjE-lgxoeLNrugbj4M9aq3SnxVE54OXx-20L/s693/15.%20Sistema%20de%20cabotagem%20do%20Brasil.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="693" data-original-width="675" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCFACPNzaSB2SrMZLfqZluQin87P0rBcxCt184N_JBtsujqKWGxzkkHpc3gn6Kl9wrdDP2HwMeDBqXxDGx2VdnPDrNKF5qgNyOGxpWTnR8TgB4mOZ6jsPCJ-vjWuFxTR43ol2ZxRGZ1Ycp3OV11e7vwFT5hjE-lgxoeLNrugbj4M9aq3SnxVE54OXx-20L/w390-h400/15.%20Sistema%20de%20cabotagem%20do%20Brasil.png" width="390" /></a></b></div><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2327980403783605222/7070753800595249805"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration-line: none;"><v:shape href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2327980403783605222/7070753800595249805" id="Imagem_x0020_8" o:button="t" o:spid="_x0000_i1027" style="height: 177pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 172.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/jaugu/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.png">
</v:imagedata></v:fill></v:shape></span></a><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Sobre o papel da cabotagem no processo
de formação do território brasileiro, é correto afirmar:</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) A cabotagem viabilizou o comércio marítimo entre
os principais portos do território no período colonial. Todavia, esse sistema
de transporte veio a encerrar suas atividades no final do século XIX, quando o
transporte ferroviário passou a responder por todas as trocas interprovinciais.
<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) A cabotagem consistiu num primitivo sistema de
transportes do início da colonização, articulando os portos das principais
cidades. Trata-se de um elemento primordial para a formação do território
brasileiro, pois permitiu sua precoce unificação e completa articulação
inter-regional. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) A cabotagem teve importante papel no longo
processo de formação do território brasileiro, transportando pessoas,
mercadorias e informações entre os principais portos desde o período colonial.
No século XX, perdeu importância para o sistema de transporte rodoviário.
<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) A cabotagem foi implantada no Brasil no final do
século XIX, fazendo uso de modernos navios a vapor para articular o comércio
interprovincial. Atualmente, concorre com os sistemas ferroviário e rodoviário
para transportar cargas, particularmente aquelas conteinerizadas. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">16. (Fgvrj 2016) Na economia
globalizada, ocorre uma maior circulação de pessoas, produtos, capital,
informações etc. entre os países. Para isso, são criados e aperfeiçoados
sistemas de engenharia que facilitam o movimento.</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Sobre a situação brasileira quanto a
esses sistemas, analise as afirmações a seguir.</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">I. Ao longo da segunda metade do século XX, o
Estado brasileiro investiu em sistemas de engenharia capazes de criar as
condições de circulação indispensáveis à sua integração ao comércio
internacional.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">II. As deficiências da infraestrutura de
transportes oneram as exportações de <i>commodities </i>agrícolas,
porque causam um gargalo logístico que dificulta o escoamento da produção.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">III. Na primeira década do século XXI, o Estado
brasileiro instalou sistemas de transportes articulados com o objetivo de
aumentar a polarização da Região Concentrada.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Está correto o que se afirma em</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) I, apenas. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) III, apenas. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) I, II e III. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) I e II, apenas. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">e) II, apenas. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">17. (Uece 2016) A taxa de
crescimento do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) do Ceará cresceu 4,36% em 2014,
de acordo com dados preliminares divulgados pelo Instituto de Pesquisa e
Estratégia Econômica do Ceará (Ipece).</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: x-small;"><div style="text-align: right;">PIB do Ceará é de 4,36% Previsão é de crescimento</div><div style="text-align: right;">http://www.opovo.com.br/app/opovo/economia/ previsao-e-de-crescimento.shtml</div></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Atente ao que se diz sobre a economia
do Ceará.</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-text-indent-alt: -3.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>I.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">O setor
de serviços representa aproximadamente 8% da economia do Estado do Ceará,
apresentando-se em ascendência para os próximos anos.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-text-indent-alt: -3.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>II.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mesmo em
um cenário de escassez hídrica, houve aumento na produção de grãos entre 2013 e
2014.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; mso-text-indent-alt: -3.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>III.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">O setor
agropecuário tem grande representatividade no PIB do Estado, sendo responsável
por mais de 75% do mesmo.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Está correto o que se afirma somente em</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) I e II. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) II. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) II e III. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) I. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">18. (Unesp 2015) Analise a tabela.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 10pt;">Variação do percentual de posições de
atendimento das empresas de teleatendimento, por região brasileira, 2000-2011.</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 10pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWZOJt_mNSV4cW5eR7sxxI5YjBRaZdSAF28jbgnr6ivtM22bVQFe1Iryd5nd26WwxDZ6K6UMBe8tM9MsI-OfP5pjt0FPMXm1IFBAyQoQ8gK11wq3FpBboQ5VoaSowLFz6dgYvGi6Q6sn4rZlLJbMYv2iDKST09-0xhRPTeWbdbD0xzIIc5PiFGnWD-87yZ/s325/Sem%20t%C3%ADtulo.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="193" data-original-width="325" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWZOJt_mNSV4cW5eR7sxxI5YjBRaZdSAF28jbgnr6ivtM22bVQFe1Iryd5nd26WwxDZ6K6UMBe8tM9MsI-OfP5pjt0FPMXm1IFBAyQoQ8gK11wq3FpBboQ5VoaSowLFz6dgYvGi6Q6sn4rZlLJbMYv2iDKST09-0xhRPTeWbdbD0xzIIc5PiFGnWD-87yZ/s320/Sem%20t%C3%ADtulo.png" width="320" /></a></b></div><p></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 8pt;"> (Marina Castro de Almeida. “Em
outros pontos da rede”. <i>Estudos Geográficos</i>, janeiro/julho de
2014.)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">A partir dos dados apresentados na
tabela e considerando as especificidades dos serviços de teleatendimento, é
correto afirmar que, no período analisado, houve</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) redução na representatividade da região Sudeste,
explicada pela baixa dinâmica econômica e pela parca disponibilidade de mão de
obra qualificada. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) redução na representatividade da região Sul,
entendida pelo colapso de suas redes informacionais e pelos altos impostos
cobrados pela administração pública. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) aumento na representatividade da região Nordeste,
associado à disponibilidade de redes técnico-informacionais e aos menores
custos de operação. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) aumento na representatividade da região
Centro-Oeste, devido ao incremento do agronegócio e à ampliação dos serviços
terceirizados.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">e) redução na representatividade da região Norte,
explicada pela raridade de centros urbanos e pelo interesse privado em oferecer
serviços ligados ao campo. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">
19. (Enem 2014) A Estrada de Ferro Noroeste do Brasil, que começa a ser
construída apenas em 1905, foi criada, ao contrário das outras grandes
ferrovias paulistas, para ser uma ferrovia de penetração, buscando novas áreas
para a agricultura e povoamento. Até 1890, o café era quem ditava o traçado das
ferrovias, que eram vistas apenas como auxiliadoras da produção cafeeira.</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 8pt;">CARVALHO, D. F. <i>Café, ferrovias
e crescimento populacional</i>: o florescimento da região noroeste paulista.
Disponível em: www.historica.arquivoestado.sp.gov.br. Acesso em: 2 ago. 2012.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Essa nova orientação dada à expansão
ferroviária, durante a Primeira República, tinha como objetivo a</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) articulação de polos produtores para exportação.
<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) criação de infraestrutura para atividade
industrial. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) integração de pequenas propriedades
policultoras. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) valorização de regiões de baixa densidade demográfica.
<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">e) promoção de fluxos migratórios do campo para a
cidade. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">20. (Enem 2014) A urbanização
brasileira, no início da segunda metade do século XX, promoveu uma radical
alteração nas cidades. Ruas foram alargadas, túneis e viadutos foram construídos.
O bonde foi a primeira vítima fatal. O destino do sistema ferroviário não foi
muito diferente. O transporte coletivo saiu definitivamente dos trilhos.</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 8pt;">JANOT, L. F. <i>A caminho de
Guaratiba</i>. Disponível em: www.iab.org.br. Acesso em: 9 jan. 2014 (adaptado).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">A relação entre transportes e
urbanização é explicada, no texto, pela</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) retirada dos investimentos estatais aplicados em
transporte de massa. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) demanda por transporte individual ocasionada
pela expansão da mancha urbana. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) presença hegemônica do transporte alternativo
localizado nas periferias das cidades. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) aglomeração do espaço urbano metropolitano
impedindo a construção do transporte metroviário. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">e) predominância do transporte rodoviário associado
à penetração das multinacionais automobilísticas. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">21. (Ufsj 2012) Sobre a organização do
espaço brasileiro, é CORRETO afirmar que o </span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) crescimento de áreas agrícolas destinadas ao
mercado externo, como as da soja, favoreceu o fortalecimento das lavouras
tecnificadas. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) sistema de transportes predominante no Brasil é
multimodal e articula rodovias, ferrovias, hidrovias e portos, fato que reduz o
custo da produção brasileira. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) descobrimento das reservas do Pré-Sal fez a
Petrobrás abandonar os investimentos em pesquisa para geração de combustíveis
alternativos como os bicombustíveis. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) setor secundário foi o que mais cresceu no Brasil
e é hoje responsável pela elevação dos fluxos migratórios do campo para as
grandes cidades. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">22. (Enem 2012) A soma do tempo gasto
por todos os navios de carga na espera para atracar no porto de Santos é igual
a 11 anos — isso, contando somente o intervalo de janeiro a outubro de 2011. O
problema não foi registrado somente neste ano. Desde 2006 a perda de tempo
supera uma década.</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 8pt;">Folha de S. Paulo, 25 dez. 2011
(adaptado).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">A situação descrita gera consequências
em cadeia, tanto para a produção quanto para o transporte. No que se refere à
territorialização da produção no Brasil contemporâneo, uma dessas consequências
é a </span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) realocação das exportações para o modal aéreo em
função da rapidez. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) dispersão dos serviços financeiros em função da
busca de novos pontos de importação. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) redução da exportação de gêneros agrícolas em
função da dificuldade para o escoamento. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) priorização do comércio com países vizinhos em
função da existência de fronteiras terrestres. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">e) estagnação da indústria de alta tecnologia em
função da concentração de investimentos na infraestrutura de circulação. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">23. (Unicamp simulado 2011) As estradas
de ferro brasileiras nunca constituíram uma rede nacional. Mesmo durante seu
tempo de (modesto) esplendor, resumiam-se a uma coleção de linhas de exportação
de minerais e produtos agrícolas, que raramente tomavam a forma de uma rede
regional, exceto, parcialmente, no Nordeste ou no Estado de São Paulo. </span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 7pt;">(Adaptado de Hervé Théry e Neli
Aparecida de Mello, Atlas do Brasil: disparidades e dinâmicas do território.
São Paulo: EDUSP/Imprensa Oficial, 2005, p. 204 e 205.)</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixt-BhfXzyRZcaVUa_6Krp-BMbuSDMiECsEr5z6LH3stfXQdx2fuKeZIPU9o5sA0tbBPUo17gatrq4N3C652HGC27gKDn7ZCQMnZTfJ4Rx5-8R_e3iKpL8QC1S3HaxeM5Vzlz0ixDpGKc8TR80q-t9ff9YfBkr0TXmwWRqjFLpXw3dsbh2GLfVREFq4JTT/s534/23.%20Malha%20ferrovi%C3%A1ria%20brasileira.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="534" data-original-width="504" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixt-BhfXzyRZcaVUa_6Krp-BMbuSDMiECsEr5z6LH3stfXQdx2fuKeZIPU9o5sA0tbBPUo17gatrq4N3C652HGC27gKDn7ZCQMnZTfJ4Rx5-8R_e3iKpL8QC1S3HaxeM5Vzlz0ixDpGKc8TR80q-t9ff9YfBkr0TXmwWRqjFLpXw3dsbh2GLfVREFq4JTT/w378-h400/23.%20Malha%20ferrovi%C3%A1ria%20brasileira.png" width="378" /></a></b></div><b><br />A malha ferroviária no Brasil nunca
constituiu uma rede nacional porque </b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) possui uma malha com diferentes bitolas e
interliga especialmente áreas do interior do país, visando a integração
regional. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) apesar de apresentar grande integração das
malhas, liga preferencialmente o interior aos portos, visando a
exportação. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) possui uma malha com diferentes bitolas e
interliga especialmente áreas do interior aos portos, visando a
exportação. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) apesar de apresentar grande integração das
malhas, liga preferencialmente as regiões interiores do país. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">24. (Enem 2010) No dia 28 de fevereiro
de 1985, era inaugurada a Estrada de Ferro Carajás, pertencente e diretamente
operada pela Companhia Vale do Rio Doce (CVRD), na região Norte do país,
ligando o interior ao principal porto da região, em São Luís. Por seus,
aproximadamente, 900 quilômetros de linha, passam, hoje, 5353 vagões e 100
locomotivas.</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 7pt;">Disponível em: http://www.transportes.gov.br.
Acesso em 27 jul. 2010 (adaptado).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">A ferrovia em questão é de extrema
importância para a logística do setor primário da economia brasileira, em
especial para porções dos estados do Pará e Maranhão.</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Um argumento que destaca a importância
estratégica dessa porção do território é a </span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) produção de energia para as principais áreas
industriais do país. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) produção sustentável de recursos minerais não
metálicos. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) capacidade de produção de minerais
metálicos. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) logística de importação de matérias-primas
industriais. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">e) produção de recursos minerais energéticos. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">25. (Ufpr 2010) Sobre o Porto de
Paranaguá, assinale a afirmativa correta. </span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) Escoa minério de ferro, manganês, carvão, gás e
petróleo, movimentando grandes tonelagens e mercadorias de alto valor, por
atender a região Sudeste. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) Movimenta grãos e barrilha, que é um produto
químico usado na fabricação de vidro e detergentes. Caracteriza-se por operar
com pouca interferência na cidade. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) Terminal graneleiro controlado pela Companhia
Vale do Rio Doce, exporta minério de ferro para vários países e permite o
acesso de navios de grande porte. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) É um dos principais exportadores de produtos
agrícolas. Exporta e importa grãos, líquidos, automóveis, madeira e
papel. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">e) Exporta frango congelado, madeira, pisos
cerâmicos, máquinas, papel e fumo. Possui abrangência estadual, porque escoa a
quase totalidade da produção do estado. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">26. (Espcex (Aman) 2013) Nos últimos
anos, o Brasil tem realizado um enorme esforço no sentido de ampliar sua
participação no comércio internacional, buscando superar os elevados custos de
deslocamento que dificultam a chegada dos seus produtos aos mercados externos.</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Dentre as principais propostas de ação
da atual política de transporte no País, pode-se destacar </span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) a completa substituição do sistema rodoviário,
que é mais dispendioso, pelos sistemas hidroviário e ferroviário. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) a construção de estações intermodais a fim de
permitir a integração dos diferentes meios de transporte do País. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) a construção de novas infraestruturas de
circulação urbana (pistas expressas, viadutos) com o propósito de reduzir
congestionamentos e valorizar a paisagem urbana das grandes cidades. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) a eliminação do transporte de cabotagem com
vistas a reduzir os custos portuários e a intrincada burocracia
administrativa. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">e) a redução da participação dos investimentos e do
controle do setor privado sobre o transporte rodoviário e sobre o setor
portuário a fim de eliminar, por exemplo, os custos com pedágio. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">27. (Enem 2009) O suíço Thomas Davatz
chegou a São Paulo em 1855 para trabalhar como colono na fazenda de café
Ibicaba, em Campinas. A perspectiva de prosperidade que o atraiu para o Brasil
deu lugar a insatisfação e revolta, que ele registrou em livro. Sobre o
percurso entre o porto de Santos e o planalto paulista, escreveu Davatz: “As
estradas do Brasil, salvo em alguns trechos, são péssimas. Em quase toda parte,
falta qualquer espécie de calçamento ou mesmo de saibro. Constam apenas de
terra simples, sem </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">nenhum benefício. É
fácil prever que nessas estradas não se encontram estalagens e hospedarias como
as da Europa. Nas cidades maiores, o viajante pode naturalmente encontrar
aposento sofrível; nunca, porém, qualquer coisa de comparável à comodidade que
proporciona na Europa qualquer estalagem rural. Tais cidades são, porém, muito
poucas na distância que vai de</span></b><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">
Santos a Ibicaba e que se percorre em cinquenta horas no mínimo”.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Em 1867 foi inaugurada a ferrovia
ligando Santos à Jundiaí, o que abreviou o tempo de viagem entre o litoral e o
planalto para menos de um dia. Nos anos seguintes, foram construídos outros
ramais ferroviários que articularam o interior cafeeiro ao porto de exportação,
Santos.</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 7pt;">DAVATZ, T. Memórias de um colono no
Brasil. São Paulo: Livraria Martins, 1941 (adaptado).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">O impacto das ferrovias na promoção de
projetos de colonização com base em imigrantes europeus foi importante,
porque </span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) o percurso dos imigrantes até o interior, antes
das ferrovias, era feito a pé ou em muares; no entanto, o tempo de viagem era
aceitável, uma vez que o café era plantado nas proximidades da capital, São
Paulo. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) a expansão da malha ferroviária pelo interior de
São Paulo permitiu que mão de obra estrangeira fosse contratada para trabalhar
em cafezais de regiões cada vez mais distantes do porto de Santos. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) o escoamento da produção de café se viu
beneficiado pelos aportes de capital, principalmente de colonos italianos, que
desejavam melhorar sua situação econômica. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) os fazendeiros puderam prescindir da mão de obra
europeia e contrataram trabalhadores brasileiros provenientes de outras regiões
para trabalhar em suas plantações. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">e) as notícias de terras acessíveis atraíram para
São Paulo grande quantidade de imigrantes, que adquiriram vastas propriedades
produtivas. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">28. (Fuvest 2009) Uma das
características atuais do processo de globalização é a exigência, cada vez
maior, de fluidez de informações e mercadorias, ou, em essência, do próprio
capital. Tal exigência tem conduzido os países à reestruturação de seus
sistemas de circulação. Nesse sentido, no Estado brasileiro, nos últimos
anos, </span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) priorizou-se o transporte público urbano, com a
ampliação do número de linhas do Metropolitano em todas as capitais dos
Estados. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) houve uma ampla recuperação da malha
ferroviária, com a construção de novos trechos, a exemplo da
Transnordestina. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) privilegiou-se o sistema de cabotagem,
valorizando-se o transporte de passageiros pelo território nacional e
interligando as áreas costeiras do país. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) priorizou-se o transporte hidroviário, voltado à
exportação de grãos, conforme atestam as hidrovias Tietê-Paraná e do Rio São
Francisco. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">e) intensificou-se a modernização do sistema
portuário, incluindo a construção de portos como os de Sepetiba (RJ) e Pecém
(CE).<br />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">29. (Uff 2010) O mundo como fábula,
como perversidade e como possibilidade</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 6pt;"><br />
</span><b><i><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 11.5pt;">Vivemos num mundo confuso e
confusamente percebido. Haveria nisto um paradoxo pedindo uma explicação? De um
lado, é abusivamente mencionado o extraordinário progresso das ciências e das
técnicas, das quais um dos frutos são os novos materiais artificiais que
autorizam a precisão e a intencionalidade. De outro lado, há, também,
referência obrigatória à aceleração contemporânea e todas as vertigens que
cria, a começar pela própria velocidade. Todos esses, porém, são dados de um
mundo físico fabricado pelo homem, cuja utilização, aliás, permite que o mundo
se torne esse mundo confuso e confusamente percebido. De fato, se desejamos
escapar à crença de que esse mundo assim apresentado é verdadeiro, e não
queremos admitir a permanência de sua percepção enganosa, devemos considerar a
existência de pelo menos três mundos num só. O primeiro seria o mundo tal como
nos fazem vê-lo: a globalização como fábula; o segundo seria o mundo tal como
ele é: a globalização como perversidade; e o terceiro, o mundo como ele pode
ser: uma outra globalização.</span></i></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 11.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 8pt;">SANTOS, Milton. Por uma outra
globalização. Do pensamento único à consciência universal. Rio de Janeiro:
Record, 2000, p. 17-18.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Não tem sido pequeno o esforço
econômico e político dos governos peruano e brasileiro para a construção dos
mais de três mil quilômetros da Rodovia Interoceânica, projeto de 2 bilhões de
dólares que conectará os dois países. Contudo, antes de se converter num
instrumento de desenvolvimento, a rodovia exerce sua função mais primária:
revelar o Peru aos peruanos.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">A estrada começa a interligar o
litoral, possuidor de maior nível de desenvolvimento, às comunidades até agora
isoladas.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Conforme a declaração do presidente da
Câmara de Comércio e Turismo de Cuzco “A rodovia tem nos revelado surpresas.
Nem nós nos conhecemos. Antes de sabermos o que a Interoceânica pode nos
oferecer com acesso ao Brasil, estamos descobrindo o que podemos oferecer para
nós mesmos.”</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1jqf-4uFUuvgjs3kppxTzf5q2IZk7qbzhPv06kffMOFfnpRVIMdstT8ZUE_jSJgn9JY0Vz3IX86zWZiZM9kG8I8SdPa7PPniJugOa5bXLYeU31MlHiSepKbzwCDSRrdfquu4j5_MQMBEkt0fF_dIeE3WCR1Q22O2iawmOla3gOjBWzvyQRlAahSIE79_N/s485/29.%20Rodovia%20Interoce%C3%A2nica.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="485" data-original-width="465" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1jqf-4uFUuvgjs3kppxTzf5q2IZk7qbzhPv06kffMOFfnpRVIMdstT8ZUE_jSJgn9JY0Vz3IX86zWZiZM9kG8I8SdPa7PPniJugOa5bXLYeU31MlHiSepKbzwCDSRrdfquu4j5_MQMBEkt0fF_dIeE3WCR1Q22O2iawmOla3gOjBWzvyQRlAahSIE79_N/w384-h400/29.%20Rodovia%20Interoce%C3%A2nica.png" width="384" /></a></b></div><b><br /></b><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2327980403783605222/7070753800595249805"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-decoration-line: none;"><v:shape href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2327980403783605222/7070753800595249805" id="Imagem_x0020_6" o:button="t" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 240.75pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 231pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/jaugu/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image009.png">
</v:imagedata></v:fill></v:shape></span></a><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Alguns aspectos, vinculados ao Peru e
ao Brasil, respectivamente, influenciam a construção da rodovia.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Dentre esses aspectos, identifique os
dois principais.</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) O litoral peruano tem baixa profundidade para
instalação de portos/busca pela utilização dessa via por exportadores do
Oriente Médio. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) Grupos terroristas, como o Sendero Luminoso,
atuam crescentemente na região/ intensificação do turismo entre Peru e
Brasil. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) O lado peruano é uma área politicamente
instável/ empenho brasileiro na exportação de borracha provinda da floresta
amazônica. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) Algumas regiões peruanas ricas buscam sua
independência/ampliação da oferta de mão de obra para empresas do sudeste
brasileiro. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">e) A Cordilheira dos Andes exige investimentos
altos em infraestrutura/interesses do agronegócio brasileiro em exportar aos
mercados asiáticos.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">30. (Pucsp 2012) Leia com atenção:</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">“As cidades constituem-se no palco das
contradições econômicas, sociais e políticas e o sistema viário é um espaço em
permanente disputa entre diferentes atores, que se apresentam como pedestres,
ciclistas, condutores e usuários de automóveis, caminhões, ônibus e motos”.</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 7pt;">(BRASIL Acessível. Programa Brasileiro
de Acessibilidade Urbana. Ministério das Cidades, 2006. p. 2)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">A referência aqui são as grandes
cidades brasileiras. Sobre a questão da acessibilidade nessas áreas pode-se
observar que </span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) nas “disputas” por mobilidade urbana, a
automobilização crescente gera problemas para o pedestre que também é usuário
dos transportes coletivos. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) as preocupações constantes com a mobilidade e a
segurança dos pedestres se estendem cada vez mais aos portadores de
necessidades especiais. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) a multiplicação do hábito do uso da bicicleta
resultou da construção de muitas ciclovias nas cidades, roubando, se necessário,
espaço dos automóveis. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) ônibus e caminhões ao multiplicaram-se no
sistema viário das grandes cidades são como vilões que provocam trânsito e
atrapalham os pedestres. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">e) a multiplicação de motos nas cidades brasileiras
é responsável pelos congestionamentos e por dificuldades na circulação de
pessoas e mercadorias. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.portaldovestibulando.com/2023/07/brasil-transportes-e-comunicacoes.html" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="55" data-original-width="266" height="55" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjt_1pAlYadg4zWWbS2U6WM2MBWNGtVOAJX8LV3cdouK3XLmKBDp468gR04yUugv8erk_yG-92QHHqW0FCYq1o_iJKZ5KJIhpsNvbuwLYbVb_4T2kVqCcBaJikXq-xp1H2iLplOYkuYQOuKRja1aHzFBK5bFyUVBvYe1AxkUIBfR6BXsYI2wyUENYetOqdh/s1600/Gabarito.png" width="266" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/file/4qn7wl8kje7dd01/Geografia+-+Brasil+Transportes+e+Comunicações.pdf/file" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBq2LTr9dXit3CBenS33n908TWP9Qy09Tlw7zRVJAxau9ioDRT0GqhH9xf6GVI3A_4A8DiNv3SlIv1CfekSqwcg790mffkmKDT2yOBbddsV000oZouxvknFwFaDBmw8lpkVe_9H5lMFwsFCWxQp3kcdXC4YcnuWEU4GCd2V24q2ETUl-PDz52bpJF3tcbd/s1600/Lista%20de%20exerc%C3%ADcios.png" width="275" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p>Portal do Vestibulandohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03466686065222700679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5538522159417475835.post-11084200817810600332023-07-04T08:24:00.001-04:002023-07-04T08:25:40.317-04:00Reforma Protestante: Luteranismo, Calvinismo, Anglicanismo e Contrarreforma - Lista de Exercícios - Questões de Vestibulares e Concursos<p> </p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">1.
(Fuvest-Ete 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A despeito de suas especificidades, as doutrinas de
Lutero e Calvino tinham pontos em comum, entre os quais se pode citar:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Afirmação de que o ser humano já nasceu predestinado à salvação por uma
escolha de Deus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Rejeição de todos os sacramentos, exceto o batismo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Condenação da simonia, especialmente a venda de relíquias e
indulgências.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Apoio aos movimentos camponeses que contestavam o regime de
servidão.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Aceitação da autoridade eclesiástica como mediadora entre Deus e os
seres humanos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">2.
(Fgv 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O trono inglês teve suas primeiras rainhas
governantes no século XVI. Joana Grey foi deposta em nove dias. Maria I reinou
por cinco anos, sendo sucedida por Isabel l, que ocupou o trono por mais de 44
anos. O reinado de Maria I (1553-1558) foi marcado por muitas turbulências
políticas devido:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Às tensões religiosas que dividiam a sociedade inglesa e por sua ligação
com o Catolicismo e com a monarquia espanhola, rival da Inglaterra.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Ao seu projeto de centralização monárquica, revertendo a participação
que a nobreza havia alcançado durante o reinado de Henrique VIII.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">À sua proximidade com mercadores e banqueiros de origem judaica, que
afetava os interesses do Tribunal do Santo Ofício na Inglaterra.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Ao seu projeto de colonização da América com o apoio dos puritanos e
calvinistas ingleses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Às tentativas de reforma social, que afetariam os interesses da nobreza
e do alto clero na Inglaterra.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">3.
(Unicentro 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Leia o texto a seguir.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Ontem,
a Igreja, instituindo uma ruptura social entre clérigos e fiéis, mantinha a
Escritura no estatuto de uma “Letra” supostamente independente de seus leitores
e, de fato, de posse dos seus exegetas: a autonomia do texto era a reprodução
das relações socioculturais no seio da instituição cujos pressupostos fixavam o
que se deveria ler na Escritura. Com o enfraquecimento da instituição, aparece
entre o texto e seus leitores a reciprocidade que ela escondia, como se, em se
retirando, ela permitisse ver a pluralidade indefinida das “escrituras”
produzidas por diversas leituras. A criatividade do leitor vai crescendo à
medida que vai decrescendo a instituição que a controlava. Este processo,
visível desde a Reforma, começa a inquietar os eclesiásticos.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Adaptado de: CERTEAU, Michel de. <i>A invenção do cotidiano: artes de
fazer</i>. 22. ed. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2014. p. 243-244.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Com
base no texto e nos conhecimentos sobre Reforma Protestante e Contrarreforma,
assinale a alternativa correta. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Apesar das tentativas de controle institucional realizadas pela Igreja
Católica sobre a leitura da Bíblia, a Reforma Protestante permitiu uma maior
disseminação do texto, considerando as condições históricas favoráveis. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Após a Reforma Protestante, que pode ser interpretada parcialmente como
derivada de diferentes leituras da Bíblia, a Igreja Católica empreendeu uma
reação enérgica, acabando com o movimento encabeçado por Lutero e desmontando
os tribunais de inquisição. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Além dos processos de tradução da Bíblia durante o contexto histórico do
Concílio Vaticano I, é possível destacar o papel desempenhado pela imprensa no
sentido de disseminar, em maior escala, o texto religioso e torná-lo
controlável pelo clero católico. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A Reforma Protestante é um fenômeno histórico que demonstra que a
leitura é um processo controlado pelas instituições religiosas, sendo vedada ao
leitor a possibilidade de construir interpretações diferenciadas de um mesmo
texto. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Um dos componentes fundamentais da Reforma Protestante foi a tradução da
Bíblia da língua vernácula para o latim, o que permitiu aos clérigos católicos
controlar grupos religiosos dissidentes. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">4.
(Uece 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A Reforma Protestante foi apenas uma das fases do
grande movimento conhecido como Reforma. A outra fase foi a Reforma Católica,
ou Contrarreforma, como é comumente conhecida. Sobre esses movimentos, pode-se
afirmar corretamente que </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o Concilio de Trento manteve a teoria da justificação pela fé, assim
como a primazia dos sacramentos da eucaristia e do batismo sobre todos os
outros sacramentos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a Reforma religiosa, impulsionada por Lutero e Calvino, contribuiu para
a desestruturação das relações sociais predominantes do feudalismo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a ordem dos Dominicanos foi responsável pelo fortalecimento do
catolicismo em muitos dos países em que atuaram. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o dogma da consubstanciação, da hierarquia do clero e do celibato
clerical foram mantidos pela Reforma Católica. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">5. (Fcmscsp 2023) </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 36pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Antes de sua publicação em 1572, o poema <i>Os
Lusíadas</i> de Luís de Camões foi submetido à leitura e à censura de Frei
Bartolomeu Ferreira, membro da Santa Inquisição em Portugal.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 36pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Vi por mandado da Santa e Geral Inquisição esses
dez Cantos dos Lusíadas de Luís de Camões, dos valorosos feitos em armas que os
Portugueses fizeram em Ásia, e Europa, e não achei neles coisa alguma
escandalosa, nem contrária à fé e aos bons costumes [...]. O autor para
encarecer a dificuldade da navegação e entrada dos portugueses na Índia usa de
uma ficção dos Deuses dos Gentios. [...] Todavia, como isso é Poesia e
fingimento, o autor como poeta não pretende mais que ornar o efeito Poético,
não tivemos por inconveniente ver esta fábula dos Deuses na obra, conhecendo-a
por tal, e ficando sempre salva a verdade de nossa Santa fé, que todos os
deuses dos Gentios são Demônios.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Luís de Camões. <i>Os Lusíadas</i>, 1572. Adaptado.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Observando
a maneira como o poeta orna “o efeito Poético”, conclui-se que o poema </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ressuscita os ritos do paganismo greco-romano no período de vigência da
arte barroca da Europa Ocidental. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">procura demonstrar a superioridade da literatura portuguesa sobre os
modelos de inspiração da Antiguidade. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">sintetiza o mundo clássico com o monoteísmo cristão de acordo com os
padrões culturais do Renascimento. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">denuncia a ausência de liberdade de expressão nas monarquias
absolutistas da Idade Moderna. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">exalta o pacifismo dos portugueses como expressão da mentalidade do
teocentrismo medieval. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">6. (Famerp 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Guinéus
e negros tomados pela força, outros legitimamente adquiridos por contrato de
compra foram trazidos ao reino, onde em grande número se converteram à fé
católica, o que esperamos progrida até a conversão do povo ou ao menos de
muitos mais. [...] Por isso nós, tudo pensando com devida ponderação, por
outras cartas nossas concedemos ao dito rei Afonso [de Portugal] a plena e
livre faculdade, entre outras, de invadir, conquistar, subjugar quaisquer
sarracenos e pagãos, inimigos de Cristo, suas terras e bens, a todos reduzir à
servidão e tudo aplicar em utilidade própria e dos seus descendentes.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Apud: </i>Ynaê
Lopes dos Santos. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">História da África e do
Brasil afrodescendente</i>, 2017.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O excerto, extraído de uma bula emitida pelo Papa
Nicolau V em 1454, revela <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o interesse econômico da Igreja católica nos negócios do tráfico
atlântico de africanos escravizados. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o repúdio da máxima autoridade da Igreja católica às formas de trabalho
servil e assalariado. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a aliança político-militar entre o Papado e o reino de Portugal na
defesa da conquista europeia da África. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o endosso oficial da Igreja católica à escravização de africanos, com a
finalidade de catequizá-los. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a tentativa de impedir a escravização dos nativos das colônias por meio
do estímulo à escravização de africanos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">7. (Ufjf-pism 1 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“Torna-se
claro na leitura do <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mayflower Compact</i>
(acordo firmado pelos colonos a bordo do navio <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mayflower</i>, em 1620, que se tornaria base para a constituição do
primeiro sistema de governo em solo norte-americano), que a viagem ao Novo
Mundo, bem como o estabelecimento de um arranjo político para administrar o
empreendimento, era tarefa subordinada primeiramente a Deus e à fé cristã, e
apenas subsidiariamente ao poder secular do rei da Inglaterra. Segundo o texto
do acordo, a colônia seria fundada ‘para a glória de Deus e o avanço da fé
cristã, e a honra de nosso rei e nosso país’. Um sistema religioso (e um
propósito espiritual) precedia a ordem política.” <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">FONSECA, Carlos da. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Deus está do nosso lado: excepcionalismo e religião nos EUA</i>. Rio de
Janeiro. Contexto Int. v. 29, n. 1, jun. 2007. p. 161.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sobre a colonização da América Inglesa é CORRETO
afirmar que: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O sistema religioso e o propósito espiritual que orientaram a formação
das 13 Colônias no território que hoje faz parte dos Estados Unidos eram,
respectivamente, o puritanismo e a missão de criar a nação mais excepcional do
mundo.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A despeito dos interesses expressos no <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mayflower Compact</i>, o que vigorou nas 13 Colônias e mesmo após a
expansão para o Oeste foi uma colonização por exploração semelhante às
implementadas na América Portuguesa e na América Espanhola.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As ideias expressas no <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mayflower
Compact</i> não produziram efeitos sobre os projetos expansionistas verificados
na expansão para o Oeste e na doutrina do Destino Manifesto, ficando restritas
à formação inicial das 13 Colônias.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A adoção do sistema de plantation no conjunto das 13 Colônias foi
orientada pelo acordo entre as monarquias absolutistas europeias e a Igreja
Católica com vistas ao desenvolvimento de uma grande nação agrário-exportadora
e católica. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.15pt; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As ideias expressas no <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mayflower
Compact</i> fizeram com que nas 13 Colônias apenas a mão de obra livre e
assalariada fosse adotada, sendo a escravização de africanos restrita aos
contextos da América Portuguesa e da América Espanhola. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">8.
(Pucrj 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considere o texto a seguir.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“Em
31 de outubro de 1517, na véspera do dia de Todos os Santos, Lutero fixou 95
Teses na porta da igreja do castelo de Wittenberg. [..] Em suas 95 teses,
Lutero questiona e critica a extensão do poder do Papa, manifestando-se contra
o comércio de indulgências, desencadeando questões de alcance religioso e
intelectual, que se refletiram nos modos de ser e pensar do homem moderno.”<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Disponível em: https://bndigital.bn.gov.br/exposicoes/lutero-500-anos-da-reforma/as-95-teses.
Acesso em: 3 set. 2021. Adaptado.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
texto descreve </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o processo de separação entre a Igreja Católica do Ocidente e a do
Oriente, que resultou em uma ruptura na cristandade, da qual derivaram a Igreja
Católica Apostólica Romana e a Igreja Católica Ortodoxa. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o Renascimento, em que a contestação do domínio da religião cristã no
ocidente europeu tomou a forma de uma abordagem humanista, racionalista e
anticlerical. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o movimento de autonomia dos Estados nacionais europeus, que se
tornariam independentes do controle ideológico e político do Papa e da Igreja
Católica do Ocidente. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o momento de ruptura que levou a uma perda do monopólio da Igreja Romana
na interpretação da mensagem religiosa cristã no ocidente. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">9.
(Ufpr 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considerando os eventos da Reforma Protestante
(iniciada em 1517) e seus desdobramentos na Idade Moderna, uma concepção
religiosa reforçada pelos seguidores da Reforma em relação ao cristianismo
vigente na época foi a: <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">exaltação da simonia, que almejava trazer os cristãos afastados para o
cotidiano da igreja. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ênfase na justificação pela fé, que visava eliminar intermediários
humanos na relação com a divindade. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">importância do celibato, que intentava preservar o clero regular da
corrupção de bens religiosos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">renovação das obras de caridade, que pretendia reforçar o engajamento
dos cristãos na vida social. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">adoção da peregrinação, que procurava aproximar os fiéis de diferentes
partes da Europa. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">10.
(Fuvest-Ete 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Lutas envolvendo crenças religiosas frequentemente
resultavam em confronto armado, culminando na Guerra dos Trinta Anos de
1618-1648, que devastou as terras da Europa central. A orgia da destruição
mútua nesta guerra não deixou vencedores na luta religiosa, e a manipulação
cínica de questões religiosas tanto por líderes católicos quanto protestantes
mostrou que os interesses políticos eventualmente tinham mais peso que os
religiosos. A violência extrema do conflito religioso levou líderes e
pensadores políticos a procurar outros fundamentos, não religiosos, para a
autoridade governamental. Poucos argumentariam em favor da tolerância acerca de
diferenças religiosas, mas muitos começavam a insistir que os interesses de
Estado tinham de ter prioridade sobre os desejos de conformidade religiosa.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Traduzido de: HUNT, Lynn et alii. </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">The making of the West:
peoples and cultures</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">3 ed. Boston / New York : Bedford / St. Martin's, 2010. p. 235-236.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Ao
afirmar que "os interesses políticos eventualmente tinham mais peso que os
religiosos", os autores do texto pressupõem que <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">os episódios de violência entre católicos e protestantes, como a Noite
de São Bartolomeu, tinham motivações políticas e não religiosas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o protestantismo se constituiu como movimento antipolítico e
antimonarquista. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">um ambiente político de tolerância prevaleceu após o fim da Guerra dos
Trinta Anos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">as disputas religiosas não exerceram influência sobre o pensamento
político moderno. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">os conflitos motivados por fatores religiosos frequentemente se davam no
contexto de disputas políticas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">11.
(Enem PPL 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O Barroco foi o estilo das formas dramáticas,
grandiosas e opulentas, voltado ao intenso decorativismo e caracterizado pela
exuberância dos dourados nas volutas e espirais. O Barroco exprimiu as incertezas
de uma época – a Idade Moderna – que oscilava entre velhos e novos valores. Foi
largamente utilizado pela Igreja da Contrarreforma como elemento de propaganda,
destinado a atrair as criaturas pela pompa e magnificência. Através do Barroco,
a Igreja compeliu Deus a vestir as mais suntuosas roupagens humanas,
reproduzindo o Céu em toda a sua magnificência, grandeza e esplendor,
extasiando e arrebatando os fiéis que frequentavam os templos.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">LOPEZ, L. R. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">História do Brasil
colonial</i>. Porto Alegre: Novo Século, 2001.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
movimento estético-cultural no texto constitui-se historicamente em uma
resposta às <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">contestações aos domínios espiritual e terreno exercidos pelo papado. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">oposições ao absolutismo monárquico como base do poder político. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">divisões da nobreza fortalecida pelas expansões marítima e comercial. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">críticas ao heliocentrismo como modelo de funcionamento do cosmos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">revoltas do campesinato oprimido pela multiplicidade de seitas
religiosas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">12.
(Pucpr Medicina 2020) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A obra <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">O Queijo e os Vermes</i>, de Carlo Ginzburg, é um clássico da história
das ideias. No livro, o autor resgata a trajetória de Menocchio, um moleiro da
região do Friuli (nordeste da Itália) processado pela Inquisição no século XVI.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Leia
o trecho da obra reproduzido abaixo e assinale a alternativa que completa
CORRETAMENTE as lacunas do texto, com base no contexto histórico abordado.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Ao folhear um dos volumes
manuscritos dos julgamentos, deparei-me com uma sentença extremamente longa.
Uma das acusações feitas a um réu era a de que ele sustentava que o mundo tinha
sua origem na putrefação. […] Em 1970 resolvi tentar entender o que aquela
declaração poderia ter significado para a pessoa que a formulara. […] Foi
possível rastrear o complicado relacionamento de Menocchio com a cultura
escrita, os livros que leu e o modo com o os leu. […] Em consequência uma
investigação que, no início, girava em torno de um indivíduo […] acabou
desembocando numa hipótese geral sobre a cultura popular – e, mais precisamente,
sobre a cultura camponesa – da Europa pré-industrial, numa era marcada pela
_____________________ e a ___________________.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">GINZBURG, C. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">O queijo e os vermes:</i>
o cotidiano e as ideias de um moleiro perseguido pela Inquisição. São Paulo:
Companhia das Letras, 1997, p. 12</span></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">descoberta da pólvora; libertação de Jerusalém. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">queda de Roma; Primeira Cruzada. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">difusão da imprensa; Reforma protestante. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Guerra Franco-Prussiana; invenção do telégrafo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">industrialização; servidão. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">13.
(Uece 2019) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Atente para o seguinte excerto:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“...A
partir de minhas pesquisas em Portugal, eis a lista dos “crimes” de 235
moradores da Bahia processados pela Santa Inquisição entre 1546 a 1821, data em
que é extinto este tribunal eclesiástico: judaísmo: 96; bigamia: 34; blasfêmia:
33; sodomia: 18; gentilismo: 12; luteranismo: 10; feitiçaria: 10; contra a Inquisição:
8; falsos padres: 6; irreligiosidade: 6; solicitação: 2”.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">MOTT, L. Bahia: inquisição e sociedade [online]. Salvador: EDUFBA, 2010.
p.24.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No
excerto acima, Luiz Mott apresenta um aspecto da história colonial brasileira
que corresponde </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ao forte controle estatal sobre a moralidade pública a partir da
realização de Tribunais de Inquisição, comandados por juízes laicos vindos de
Portugal.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">à atuação da Santa Inquisição Católica na tentativa de impedir o
crescimento de outras religiões e igrejas na colônia, garantindo seus dogmas e
o predomínio do seu modelo de sociedade. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">à busca da Coroa Portuguesa por um equilíbrio na sociedade colonial,
combatendo, através da Santa Inquisição, práticas discriminatórias e promovendo
a inclusão social.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ao apoio do Estado português às Igrejas Cristãs Reformadas instaladas na
colônia portuguesa para que fizessem, através da Santa Inquisição, uma
restauração moral na população colonial.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 35.4pt center 212.6pt right 425.2pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">14. (Ueg 2018) </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Por ter tido educação protestante, nunca achei que 31 de outubro é o dia
das bruxas. Sempre foi o dia em que Lutero, em 1517, começou uma revolução. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoHeader" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 35.4pt center 212.6pt right 425.2pt; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">LEITÃO,
Míriam. Disponível em:
<blogs.oglobo.com/miriam-leitao/post/os-500-anos-da-reforma-protestante-que-abalou-o-mundo.html>.
Acesso em: 18 ago. 2017.</span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 35.4pt center 212.6pt right 425.2pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No ano de
2017, completam-se 500 anos da eclosão da Reforma Protestante. Do ponto de
vista histórico, a Reforma pode ser considerada uma revolução<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">estética, pois foi a matriz ideológica da concepção
barroca de mundo que se manifestou nos países ibéricos.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">política, pois permitiu a centralização monárquica
absolutista, ao legitimar a tese do direito divino dos reis europeus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">econômica, pois, com os puritanos, difundiu-se uma
nova mentalidade econômica que gerou o capitalismo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">social, pois legitimou as aspirações
revolucionárias dos camponeses europeus na luta contra a aristocracia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">intelectual, pois foi difusora do pensamento
científico iluminista por meio de intelectuais protestantes, como é o caso de
Voltaire.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 35.4pt center 212.6pt right 425.2pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">15. (Pucsp 2018) </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A Reforma Protestante, iniciada em 1517 com Lutero, espalhou-se pela
Europa nas décadas seguintes, alimentando revoltas sociais e conflitos políticos.
Entre os reformadores, Calvino mostrou-se mais radical em sua crítica ao
catolicismo por que<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">negava qualquer tipo de autoridade religiosa, pois
afirmava a supremacia absoluta do indivíduo e da sua capacidade de, ao ler a
Bíblia, atingir a graça do conhecimento como caminho para a salvação.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">criticava as igrejas nacionais e as lideranças dos reis
nos cultos, entendendo que os fiéis atingiriam a salvação por meio de boas
obras como a conversão dos pecadores pela pregação da palavra de Deus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">afirmava a predestinação absoluta dos eleitos de
Deus, reconhecíveis por sinais tais como uma vida simples e austera, a
frequência ao culto, o trabalho árduo e honesto, e o cuidado com a
família.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">indicava que a salvação pela fé poderia ser
conseguida também com o uso da razão, e que os fiéis que viveram uma vida santa
e celibatária eram modelos a serem discutidos e ensinados nos seminários.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">16. (Pucrs 2017) O Parlamento
Inglês, ao promulgar o chamado Ato de Supremacia (<i>Act of Supremacy</i>), em
1534, subordinou as leis da Igreja à soberania jurídica das leis civis,
concedendo ao Rei Henrique VIII o poder de “único chefe supremo da Igreja”. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O resultado do Ato de Supremacia
foi/foram:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) a difusão do protestantismo calvinista,
principalmente pela Escócia. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) o início do expansionismo inglês, constituindo
as bases do seu império colonial. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) a centralização de poder, que esteve na base da
reforma anglicana. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) a implantação do catolicismo, que gerou
repressão tanto dos reformistas quanto do parlamento inglês. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) os conflitos entre o Rei e o Parlamento, pois o
primeiro buscava restaurar antigos direitos feudais retirados da Magna Carta de
1215. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">17. (Uece 2017) <i>“Antes de chegar à
ilha, o rei Utopos tinha conhecimento de que seus habitantes lutavam
continuamente entre si por questões religiosas. De fato, concluiu que seria
fácil conquistar a ilha porque as diferentes seitas estavam demasiadamente
ocupadas, lutando umas contra outras, para se oporem às suas forças. Portanto,
tão logo conquistou a vitória, decretou que cada um era livre para professar a
religião de sua própria escolha, podendo fazer proselitismo por sua fé, desde
que fosse de forma racional, discreta e moderada, sem agredir outras crenças”.</i></span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">MORE, Thomas. <i>Utopia</i>. trad.
Anah de Melo Franco. Brasília: Editora da Universidade de Brasília: Instituto
de Pesquisa de Relações Internacionais, 2004, p. 115.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Publicado em 1516, o clássico <i>Utopia</i>,
do inglês Thomas More ou Thomas Morus, reflete a visão do autor sobre várias
questões de sua época. Quanto às questões religiosas, tratadas no excerto
acima, o livro é bastante significativo de sua época, porque</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) na Europa, apenas uma Igreja existiu no século
XVI, a Igreja Católica Romana, portanto essa postura hipotética seria ideal
apenas para lugares com várias correntes religiosas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) na Inglaterra, a criação de uma igreja nacional
— o anglicanismo — provocou profundos choques e perseguições aos cristãos
católicos e calvinistas pela nova igreja fundada pelo rei Henrique VIII. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) estabeleceu um modelo de comportamento que foi
plenamente aceito na Europa quando surgiram as igrejas protestantes, o que
impediu, posteriormente, os conflitos entre as crenças cristãs. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) definiu uma forma de interação entre diferentes
religiões, apaziguando os conflitos entre cristãos, judeus e muçulmanos no
oriente médio até os dias atuais. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">18. (Fgv 2017) Leia trechos
do <i>Manifesto dos camponeses</i>, documento de 1525.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(...) nos sejam dados poder e autoridade, para que
cada comunidade possa eleger o seu pastor e, da mesma forma, possa demiti-lo,
caso se porte indevidamente.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(...) somos prejudicados ainda pelos nossos
senhores, que se apoderaram de todas as florestas. Se o pobre precisa de lenha
ou madeira tem que pagar o dobro por ela.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(...) preocupam-nos os serviços que somos obrigados
a prestar e que aumentam dia a dia (...) <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">In <i>Antologia humanística alemã</i>,
apud Marques e outros. <i>História moderna através de textos</i>, 2010.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A partir do documento, é correto
afirmar que, no território da atual Alemanha,</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) os movimentos camponeses foram liderados por
Lutero contra a exploração feita pelos nobres que, de forma ilegal,
apropriavam-se das florestas e reprimiam violentamente os movimentos
trabalhistas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) os movimentos dos trabalhadores em favor das
mudanças propostas por Lutero baseavam-se na solidariedade entre os homens e em
contraposição ao individualismo tão característico da Idade Média. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) a liderança dos movimentos camponeses defendeu a
exploração dos trabalhadores, na Alemanha, apoiada por Lutero, e, juntos,
receberam proteção dos nobres locais contra a perseguição feita pela Igreja
Católica. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) as revoltas camponesas irromperam exigindo
reformas sociais e religiosas que prejudicariam parte da nobreza apoiada por
Lutero, o qual se colocou abertamente contra os movimentos. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) as experiências dos camponeses contra os nobres,
apoiados por Lutero, restringiram-se aos aspectos religiosos, isto é, de
domínio da Igreja Católica, pois a cooperação entre os trabalhadores e os proprietários
marcava a sociedade alemã. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">19. (Uel) Analise a figura a seguir.</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZnvhmgm300XZ9cM-C_ObV3IpKD_Z94TVSk58eSv2-qKOS95IMTOxi_f1XW6b2Pv6Q9kfPJ8N49orYzsVUDI5W1BXnOiwKjZWWQsZ6DieBQPdzRVObdT-qJbDnec0VV-MiyOtP0NyNn1-TQ88PArXwF_xIBFH_mM2Gx4OyVhR0PNsuf-q5ANtg8Nc4DOkL/s857/19.%20Brueghel.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="667" data-original-width="857" height="498" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZnvhmgm300XZ9cM-C_ObV3IpKD_Z94TVSk58eSv2-qKOS95IMTOxi_f1XW6b2Pv6Q9kfPJ8N49orYzsVUDI5W1BXnOiwKjZWWQsZ6DieBQPdzRVObdT-qJbDnec0VV-MiyOtP0NyNn1-TQ88PArXwF_xIBFH_mM2Gx4OyVhR0PNsuf-q5ANtg8Nc4DOkL/w640-h498/19.%20Brueghel.png" width="640" /></a></b></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f">
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Com base na figura e nos conhecimentos
sobre a Modernidade, é correto afirmar que a pintura: </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) Representa, com ironia, as disputas religiosas
entre católicos e protestantes, desencadeadas pela Reforma Luterana. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) Registra o descontentamento e a revolta dos
camponeses germânicos com a opressão servil imposta pela Igreja Católica. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Apresenta, com realismo, os movimentos heréticos
que contestavam a Igreja e pregavam o desapego aos bens materiais. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Representa a indignação dos intelectuais ligados
à Igreja Católica, os quais, sob a influência do Humanismo, acusavam o alto
clero de práticas imorais. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) Registra uma cena cotidiana de atividades
industriais realizadas no centro dos pequenos burgos europeus em
crescimento. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">20. (Unesp 2016) As reformas
protestantes do princípio do século XVI, entre outros fatores, reagiam contra</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) a venda de indulgências e a autoridade do Papa,
líder supremo da Igreja Católica. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) a valorização, pela Igreja Católica, das
atividades mercantis, do lucro e da ascensão da burguesia. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) o pensamento humanista e permitiram uma ampla
revisão administrativa e doutrinária da Igreja Católica. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) as missões evangelizadoras, desenvolvidas pela
Igreja Católica na América e na Ásia. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) o princípio do livre-arbítrio, defendido pelo
Santo Ofício, órgão diretor da Igreja Católica </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">21. (Espcex (Aman) 2016) Com
relação às Reformas Religiosas ocorridas na Europa no século XVI, podemos
afirmar que</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) foram reflexo de disputas políticas entre os
jesuítas e o papa. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) tinham o objetivo de estabelecer a venda de
indulgências para os pecadores. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) permitiram à Igreja Católica uma total hegemonia
religiosa na Alemanha. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) só foram possíveis graças às decisões adotadas
no Concílio de Trento. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) na Inglaterra foram promovidas pelo rei Henrique
VIII. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">22. (Fgv 2016) Em um dos diálogos
da peça intitulada <i>Henrique VIII</i>, de William Shakespeare, encenada
em 1613, a rainha católica Catarina, primeira esposa do rei, desabafava:</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Mesmo aqui poderemos falar, pois, em consciência,
até hoje nada fiz que não pudesse revelar francamente em qualquer parte.
Prouvera ao céu que todas as mulheres pudessem declarar a mesma coisa com igual
liberdade. Meus senhores, uma felicidade sempre tive: isso de não ligar nunca
importância ao fato de meus gestos comentados serem por toda a gente, de
ficarem sob a vista de todos, e como alvo dos ataques da inveja e da calúnia,
tão certa me acho de ter vida limpa. Se vindes para examinar a minha conduta
como esposa, sede francos. Sempre a verdade ama linguagem rude.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">http://www.ebooksbrasil.org/eLibris/oitavo.html</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O monarca Henrique VIII governou a
Inglaterra entre 1509 e 1547. Durante esse turbulento período,</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) o catolicismo foi consolidado na Inglaterra, por
ação direta do rei, que se manteve aliado a Roma contra os monarcas ibéricos.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) a liberdade de culto foi implementada,
favorecendo a constituição de diversos grupos religiosos após a Reforma
Protestante. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) o casamento civil, desvinculado da cerimônia
religiosa, foi estabelecido como alternativa para os diversos matrimônios do
rei. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) uma nova religião se formou, marcada por uma
estrutura sacerdotal ligada diretamente ao Estado inglês e aos interesses do
rei. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) medidas legais foram criadas para impedir as
mulheres de participarem da linha sucessória na monarquia inglesa. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">23. (Upe-ssa 1 2016) </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5t8fymbgKb1q6Y8OZ62KTYxtChaH7oeCTh_3GGTFhYSGfL7IYzGFy9c6jVxbYuOD7pjL59nfrvYVPdnIZx9uj2dgQpO0bxRxmewYi1rOwRGhhQTTXCV1OB0Ka3fJIu8pgHcNqOu_McR-l99alnkQMk2fYwjt1ulAyUO7OXO73mDCZqzbGj5D_P7vHw36O/s546/23.%20livro%20Sobre%20judeus%20e%20suas%20mentiras.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="546" data-original-width="378" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5t8fymbgKb1q6Y8OZ62KTYxtChaH7oeCTh_3GGTFhYSGfL7IYzGFy9c6jVxbYuOD7pjL59nfrvYVPdnIZx9uj2dgQpO0bxRxmewYi1rOwRGhhQTTXCV1OB0Ka3fJIu8pgHcNqOu_McR-l99alnkQMk2fYwjt1ulAyUO7OXO73mDCZqzbGj5D_P7vHw36O/w444-h640/23.%20livro%20Sobre%20judeus%20e%20suas%20mentiras.png" width="444" /></a></b></div><b><br /></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape alt="Visualização da imagem" id="Imagem_x0020_6" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" style="height: 165pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 114pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="Visualização da imagem" src="file:///C:/Users/jaugu/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Essa é a capa do livro <i>Sobre
judeus e suas mentiras</i>, escrito, em 1543, pelo líder da Reforma
Protestante, Martinho Lutero. Perto de completar 500 anos, essa reforma tem
sido revista pela historiografia contemporânea.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A relação de Lutero com os judeus foi
caracterizada pela</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) miscigenação com essa comunidade. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) tolerância, respeito mútuo e boa convivência.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) ampliação das relações sociais e comerciais.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) assimilação cultural de toda essa comunidade.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) intolerância e perseguição com base num forte
antijudaísmo. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">24. (Unesp 2015) A imagem reproduz
um auto de fé.</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnAIFnZyQPuTtzyiCAyNRaNdp7Eso79q4dZvbMKL4Hkt1WQBya8l2mrKaNV8G2G705S-ZJ8VuhDj2vs-Pf489qWzedgFM1f6e6jxnHlBxlaRHGlRBs7d8uWVgeZPxwWIadfa1HfonZ70CeagfSFcgdBPdHpVgRXBx_oEWJrrGhZGuUqgudR7QZrIy9W9X1/s973/24.%20Autos%20da%20F%C3%A9.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="605" data-original-width="973" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnAIFnZyQPuTtzyiCAyNRaNdp7Eso79q4dZvbMKL4Hkt1WQBya8l2mrKaNV8G2G705S-ZJ8VuhDj2vs-Pf489qWzedgFM1f6e6jxnHlBxlaRHGlRBs7d8uWVgeZPxwWIadfa1HfonZ70CeagfSFcgdBPdHpVgRXBx_oEWJrrGhZGuUqgudR7QZrIy9W9X1/w640-h398/24.%20Autos%20da%20F%C3%A9.png" width="640" /></a></b></div><b><br /></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Essas cerimônias</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) ocorreram em todos os países da Europa e nas
regiões colonizadas por portugueses e espanhóis. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) permitiram a difusão do catolicismo e tiveram
papel determinante na erradicação do protestantismo na Europa central.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) eram conduzidas por autoridades leigas, pois a
Igreja Católica não tinha vínculo com a perseguição e a punição dos hereges.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) tinham caráter exemplar, expondo publicamente os
réus forçados a pedir perdão, antes de serem encaminhados para a execução.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) visavam a executar os judeus e islâmicos, não
atingindo protestantes nem católicos romanos ou ortodoxos. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">25. (Imed 2015) A Reforma
Protestante é resultado de transformações socioeconômicas e políticas que
vinham ocorrendo na Europa Ocidental, dentre elas:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -7.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>I.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O desenvolvimento da burguesia.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -7.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span>II.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O crescimento das relações de produção
capitalistas.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -7.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">III.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O fortalecimento do Estado Nacional absolutista.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Quais estão corretas?</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) Apenas II. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) Apenas I e II. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Apenas I e III. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Apenas II e III.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) I, II e III. </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 6pt; text-indent: -11.35pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">26. (Mackenzie) As
transformações religiosas do século XVI, comumente conhecidas pelo nome de
Reforma Protestante, representaram no campo espiritual o que foi o Renascimento
no plano cultural; um ajustamento de ideias e valores às transformações
socioeconômicas da Europa. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Dentre seus principais
reflexos, destacam-se:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) a expansão da educação escolástica e
do poder político do papado devido à extrema importância atribuída à Bíblia.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) o rompimento da unidade cristã,
expansão das práticas capitalistas e fortalecimento do poder das monarquias.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) a diminuição da intolerância
religiosa e fim das guerras provocadas por pretextos religiosos.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) a proibição da venda de
indulgências, término do índex e o fim do princípio da salvação pela fé e boas
obras na Europa.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) a criação pela igreja protestante da
Companhia de Jesus em moldes militares para monopolizar o ensino na América do
Norte.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">27.(Puccamp) No início da Época Moderna
pode-se relacionar a Reforma Protestante, nos campos político e cultural,
respectivamente,</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) à fragmentação do poder temporal na
Inglaterra e à disseminação do racionalismo.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) ao enfraquecimento do poder central
no Santo Império e à divulgação da língua alemã, a partir da tradução da
Bíblia.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) ao surgimento do poder de origem
divina na França e ao progresso científico.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) ao desaparecimento do poder
absolutista e à valorização do individualismo, na Espanha.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) à expansão do poder feudal e ao
desenvolvimento da estética barroca na pintura e na escultura, na Itália.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">28. (Mackenzie) O Rei Henrique VIII,
aclamado defensor da fé pela Igreja Católica, rompeu com o Papa Clemente VII em
1534, por:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) opor-se ao Ato de Supremacia que
submetia a Igreja Anglicana à autoridade do Papa.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) rever todos os dogmas da Igreja
Católica, incluindo a indissolubilidade do sagrado matrimônio, através do Ato
dos Seis Artigos.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) aceitar as 95 teses de Martinho
Lutero, que denunciavam as irregularidades da Igreja Católica.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) ambicionar assumir as terras e as
riquezas da Igreja Católica e enfraquecer sua influência na Inglaterra.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) defender que o trabalho e a
acumulação de capital são manifestações da predestinação à salvação eterna como
professava Santo Agostinho.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">29. (Uel) Dentre os fatores que
contribuíram para a difusão do Movimento Reformista Protestante, no início do
século XVI, destaca-se</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) o cerceamento da liberdade de
crítica provocado pelo Renascimento Cultural.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) o declínio do particularismo urbano
que veio a favorecer o aparecimento das Universidades.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) o abuso político cometido pela
Companhia de Jesus.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) o conflito político observado tanto
na Alemanha como na França.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) a inadequação das teorias religiosas
católicas para com o progresso do capitalismo comercial.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">30. (Unirio) No século XVI, diversos
movimentos reformistas de caráter religioso eclodiram na Europa. Sobre esses
movimentos é correto afirmar que o:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) Humanismo foi o primeiro movimento
reformista que criticou os abusos contidos nas práticas da Igreja Católica,
propondo a submissão do Papa ao poder secular dos imperadores e reis.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) Luteranismo difundiu-se rapidamente
entre os segmentos servis da Alemanha e das regiões nórdicas, pois pregava a
insubordinação e a luta armada dos camponeses contra a nobreza senhorial e o
clero, aliados políticos nessas regiões.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Calvinismo significou um
recrudescimento das concepções e práticas reformistas, pois criticou os valores
burgueses através da condenação do empréstimo de dinheiro a juros e do trabalho
manual.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Anglicanismo reforçou a autoridade
do Vaticano na Inglaterra com a promulgação do Ato de Supremacia, por Henrique
VIII, que devolveu os bens e as propriedades do clero católico confiscados pela
nobreza inglesa.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) Concílio de Trento marcou a reação
da Igreja à difusão do Protestantismo, reafirmando os dogmas católicos e
fortalecendo os instrumentos de poder do papado, tais como o Tribunal do Santo
Ofício e a criação do índice de Livros Proibidos.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">31. (Unirio) "Deus chama cada um
para uma vocação particular cujo objetivo é a glorificação dele mesmo. O comerciante
que busca o lucro, pelas qualidades que o sucesso econômico exige: o trabalho,
a sobriedade, a ordem, responde também ao chamado de Deus, santificando de seu
lado o mundo pelo esforço, e sua ação é santa."</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(João Calvino. In:
Mousnier, Roland. História Geral das Civilizações. Os séculos XVI e XVII: os
processos da civilização europeia. SP: Difel, 1973, p. 90, tomo IV, v. 1.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A opção que correlaciona a citação
acima com o contexto da reforma protestante, no século XVI, que pregava
mudanças no cristianismo e na ação da igreja católica é o</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) calvinismo, a condenação da doutrina
da predestinação absoluta formulada pelo pensamento tomista medieval.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) anglicanismo, a supressão do clero e
dos sacramentos na vida religiosa como forma de enfraquecimento do papado.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) luteranismo e no calvinismo, a
pregação teológica de submissão do Estado à Igreja reformada.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) luteranismo, a defesa do princípio
da salvação do homem pela fé sem a necessidade de intermediação da Igreja e da
realização de obras pias.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) anglicanismo e no luteranismo, a
substituição do latim pelo alemão nos cultos religiosos.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">32. (Uerj) O texto a seguir se refere
ao período do início da transição do feudalismo para o capitalismo.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A expansão navegadora que decorreu do
desenvolvimento mercantil ao fim do medievalismo é contemporânea da cisão
religiosa definida com a Reforma. Como aquela expansão foi capitaneada pelas
nações católicas, "colonização" e catequese religiosa confundiram-se.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">
SODRÉ, N. W. "Síntese de História da Cultura Brasileira". Rio
de Janeiro: Bertrand Brasil, 1999. 19. ed., p.15.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A articulação entre catequese e
colonização na América acima descrita pode ser entendida</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) pelo interesse do colonizador
europeu em conquistar a confiança do ameríndio, conhecedor dos caminhos que
levaram às minas de metais preciosos existentes em toda a região continental
americana.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) como uma preocupação quanto ao risco
de influência das religiões dos africanos, trazidos à América para o trabalho
escravo, sobre os ameríndios, afastando-os da "verdadeira" religião
(cristã).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) pela busca da melhoria do trabalho
do ameríndio através da influência de uma cultura superior (a europeia), o que
garantiria uma possibilidade de ascensão social do indígena a médio ou longo
prazo.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) como resultado de um conflito entre
Igreja Católica e os governantes dos Estados Modernos europeus, todos em busca
de afirmação política e econômica, apresentando assim antagonismos
inconciliáveis.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) pela fusão de interesses nem sempre
pacíficos dos Estados colonizadores e da Igreja Católica visando, entre outros
objetivos, à maior exploração do "gentio" e seu afastamento da
pregação reformista.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">33. (Mackenzie) "É preciso ensinar
aos cristãos que aquele que dá aos pobres, ou empresta a quem está necessitado,
faz melhor do que se comprasse indulgências".</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> (Martinho
Lutero)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As Indulgências eram:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) documentos de compra e venda de
cargos e títulos eclesiásticos a qualquer pessoa que os desejasse.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) cartas que permitiam a negociação de
relíquias sagradas, usadas por Cristo, Maria ou Santos.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) dispensas, isenções de algumas
regras da Igreja Católica ou de votos feitos anteriormente pelos fiéis.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) proibições de receber o dízimo
oferecido pelos fiéis e incentivo à prática da usura pelo alto clero.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) absolvições dos pecados de vivos e
mortos, concedidas através de cartas vendidas aos fiéis.<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">34. (Pucsp) A doutrina calvinista
estabelecia para seus adeptos uma vida regrada, disciplinada, dedicada ao
trabalho, afastada do ócio, dos vícios e da ostentação. Esse código de conduta
levou alguns autores a considerar esses princípios do calvinismo como fatores
que favoreceriam o processo de acumulação capitalista. Dentro dessa doutrina,
apoiada numa interpretação particular da noção de onisciência divina, conformar-se
a esse ideal de conduta não seria o caminho para a salvação, mas seus
resultados visíveis - o sucesso material - dariam ao eleito a confirmação do
estado de graça.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Esse código de conduta fundamentava-se
no princípio doutrinário que pregava</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) a justificação pela fé, ou seja, a
fé como meio de obtenção da graça e da salvação.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) a predestinação à salvação, ou seja,
a ideia de que alguns já nascem escolhidos por Deus para serem salvos, estado
impossível de ser modificado, passível, apenas, de ser reconhecido pelos
"sinais" presentes na vida dos "eleitos".<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) a salvação pelas obras, ou seja, a
redenção por um ato voluntário do indivíduo, que deveria cumprir os mandamentos
divinos, praticar a caridade, intensificar orações e peregrinações.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) a vocação missionária e a opção
pelos pobres, ou seja, a missão de pregar o evangelho e difundir a doutrina
especialmente entre aqueles que se achavam destituídos das riquezas terrenas.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) a valorização do ascetismo, a
flagelação do corpo e a negação da posse de riquezas materiais como meios de
alcançar a graça divina, afastando da mente e da alma aquilo que seria
considerado "tentação da carne".</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">35. (Pucpr) As Guerras Civis Religiosas
do século XVI na França favoreceram o fortalecimento do poder absoluto dos
monarcas da dinastia Bourbon, que reinaram do século XVI ao XVIII e parte do
XIX. Assinale a única alternativa errada no que se refere ao absolutismo real
na França:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) Luís XIII, filho de Henrique IV e
Maria de Médicis, teve longo reinado, sendo muito ajudado pela hábil política
do Cardeal Richelieu.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) Luís XIV marcou o auge do
absolutismo real, mandou construir o suntuoso Palácio de Versalhes e continuou,
através de Colbert, a aplicar o mercantilismo no plano econômico.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Na Guerra dos Sete Anos (1756-1763),
sob o rei Luís XV, a França vitoriosa tomou aos ingleses partes da Índia e, na
América, a enorme região da Louisiana.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Na Guerra de Sucessão da Espanha
(1701-1713), França e Espanha lutaram contra uma coligação europeia. Os tratados
de Utrecht e Rastadt definiram a paz. A França perdeu para a Inglaterra a Terra
Nova e Acádia e a Espanha perdeu Gibraltar, ainda em poder daquela potência
insular.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) Henrique IV fundou a dinastia de
Bourbon e pacificou a França, tendo os protestantes (huguenotes) alcançado
liberdade de culto e o domínio sobre várias cidades fortificadas, nos termos do
Edito de Nantes (1598).<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">36. (Uece 2014) Era costume submeter o
acusado de cometer um crime a um perigo, para ver se era ou não culpado. Por
exemplo, colocar sua mão em água fervendo, ou fazê-lo segurar um ferro em brasa
dentre outras atrocidades. Acreditava-se que, se inocente, Deus produziria um
milagre, não deixando que algum mal acontecesse ao presumível culpado. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A Igreja Católica lutou contra e
procurou extinguir esse costume que era</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) herança do Direito Romano, no qual
os acusados não tinham direito a uma defesa baseada em fatos fundamentados.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) uma prática originária dos primeiros
cristãos que, apoiados pela Igreja Católica, acreditavam na intervenção divina
como única forma de justiça. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) proveniente da tradição bárbara dos
povos germânicos, que tinham uma cultura monoteísta desde antes da chegada do
cristianismo na Europa. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) uma tradição que, mesmo rejeitada
pela Igreja Católica, perdurou na Europa e em outras regiões do mundo até mesmo
depois da Idade Média. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">37. (UTFPR 2014) O processo de
transformações econômicas, políticas e sociais ocorridas na Europa no final da
Idade Média culminou no século XVI com a grande revolução espiritual da
sociedade europeia, caracterizada por um amplo movimento de contestação à
autoridade do clero e do poder material da Igreja de Roma. Esse movimento
identificado como Reforma Protestante criticava também a prática da simonia que
era: </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) a atitude mundana do alto clero que
usava os recursos da Igreja em benefício próprio. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) a herança de uma prática medieval,
por parte do clero, que valorizava a administração das terras em prejuízo das
questões espirituais. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) o comércio dos bens sagrados, como
cargos eclesiásticos e as indulgências (perdão dos pecados). <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) a prática do alto clero em
acompanhar os reis nas batalhas em troca de bens, como terras e títulos. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) o costume de o baixo clero abandonar
temporariamente suas funções espirituais para se dedicar às guerras em troca de
dinheiro. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">38. (Ufrgs 2014) Em 1648, foi
celebrada a Paz de Vestfália, um conjunto de tratados que encerrava a Guerra
dos Trinta Anos e, como consequência, o período de guerras religiosas
europeias, causadas pela Reforma Protestante. </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Entre os principais efeitos da Paz,
pode-se citar</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) a unificação política do Sacro
Império Romano Germânico e o surgimento do Estado-nação alemão. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) o reconhecimento da soberania
nacional como elemento lapidar das relações internacionais entre os diferentes
Estados europeus. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) a supressão do luteranismo do Sacro
Império Romano Germânico e o reconhecimento do catolicismo e do calvinismo como
únicas religiões permitidas nos Estados alemães. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) a ascensão da Casa dos Habsburgo
como a mais poderosa das dinastias reais europeias. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) a subjugação completa da Revolta
Holandesa contra a Espanha e a anexação dos Países Baixos ao Império
Espanhol. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">
39. (Cesgranrio) Os movimentos reformistas religiosos que surgiram na Europa
moderna, entre os séculos XV e XVI, variaram em seus fundamentos e prática
frente aos dogmas religiosos instituídos pela Igreja Católica. Marque a opção
que relaciona corretamente um desses movimentos reformistas com seu fundamento
doutrinário.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) O humanismo defendeu a extinção do
Papado como necessária para o desenvolvimento de uma nova religião baseada na
tolerância e no respeito às crenças religiosas individuais.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) O luteranismo condenou a doutrina da
predestinação e a livre interpretação das escrituras sagradas.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) O calvinismo, em sua concepção
moral, valorizou o trabalho e justificou o lucro, formulando uma doutrina que
correspondia às necessidades de uma moral burguesa.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) O anglicanismo instituiu uma
doutrina protestante, cuja hierarquia eclesiástica subordinava o poder temporal
dos monarcas à autoridade divina dos Papas.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) O Concílio de Trento promoveu uma
reformulação dos dogmas religiosos católicos, disciplinando o clero e
restringindo sua autoridade aos assuntos ligados à fé cristã.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">40. (Fuvest) "Depois que a Bíblia
foi traduzida para o inglês, todo homem, ou melhor, todo rapaz e toda rapariga,
capaz de ler o inglês, convenceram-se de que falavam com Deus onipotente e que
entendiam o que Ele dizia".</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Esse comentário de Thomas Hobbes
(1588-1679)</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) ironiza uma das consequências da
Reforma, que levou ao livre exame da Bíblia e à alfabetização dos fiéis.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) alude à atitude do papado, o qual,
por causa da Reforma, instou os leigos a que não deixassem de ler a Bíblia.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) elogia a decisão dos reis Carlos I e
Jaime I, ao permitir que seus súditos escolhessem entre as várias igrejas.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) ressalta o papel positivo da
liberdade religiosa para o fortalecimento do absolutismo monárquico.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) critica a diminuição da
religiosidade, resultante do incentivo à leitura da Bíblia pelas igrejas
protestantes.<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/file/50w990zg9e72g7q/História+-+Reforma+Protestante.pdf/file" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8ClYIjy699wfI06rMdKqu4NimyvVZ2q3qx16K7L0IG3HuG7eALy3YPyd_xliGwajUa3jYb_OoAho_hSKP1lwfy8jr2-uN41JkZVk22f1LDh5z-HMwg601_PfQai1xrN6UIM0spJnw7bDhJaUfiqtjs6MV33s02Z7592qgY31WMwWUOE373aM2rNhZfZRh/s1600/Lista%20de%20exerc%C3%ADcios.png" width="275" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.portaldovestibulando.com/2023/07/reforma-protestante-luteranismo_4.html" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="55" data-original-width="266" height="55" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2A1PgZNfuU0UhB931v2bt6WzcyJdQtpCvdvN1yQwaHKZ_qlrv0TezH7lM-xKLjaY2gh6jb1J1YM6Y0xp2WrCJ6e9SXJOFzDhgFT_DXX2OvNEyOFETZiPFZlGtNGlFZqlVsanaY8ENc4Vy9NPYLOdZxVlTw2ELIaBkLCbJW3URugejJnB2uYsZ6wRrFxCK/s1600/Gabarito.png" width="266" /></a></div><br />Portal do Vestibulandohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03466686065222700679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5538522159417475835.post-68569662496568418762023-07-04T08:00:00.000-04:002023-07-04T08:00:05.982-04:00Estrutura Do Átomo, Modelos Atômicos e Distribuição Eletrônica - Lista de Exercícios - Questões de Vestibulares e Concursos<p> </p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">1.
(Espcex (Aman) 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A elaboração de representações
científicas é muito importante para organizar observações e conclusões
resultantes do trabalho de pesquisa dos cientistas. Na Química, um dos mais emblemáticos
exemplos dessa prática são os modelos atômicos. Cada um reúne a contribuição de
diversos estudiosos, apesar de geralmente ser atribuído a apenas um deles. Nas
alternativas abaixo, são apresentados alguns dos modelos atômicos (por meio da
referência nominal aos seus respectivos elaboradores) e os nomes de alguns
cientistas cujos trabalhos, citados entre parênteses, contribuíram para a
elaboração de alguns desses modelos. Podemos afirmar que a relação entre o
modelo atômico e o estudioso cujo trabalho contribuiu para a construção do respectivo
modelo está corretamente apresentada na alternativa: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Modelo de <i>Dalton – Plücker </i>(comprovação da existência dos raios
catódicos)<i> </i></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Modelo de<i> Thomson – Becquerel </i>(observação do fenômeno da
radioatividade) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Modelo de<i> Rutherford – Heisenberg </i>(Princípio da Incerteza)<i> </i></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Modelo de<i> Böhr – Planck </i>(propôs o conceito de quantização da
energia)<i> </i></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Modelo de<i> Sommerfeld – Chadwick </i>(descoberta da partícula nêutron)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">2.
(Uea 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O óleo diesel, um derivado do petróleo, é o
principal combustível do mercado brasileiro. Esse combustível é formado,
principalmente, por átomos de carbono e hidrogênio com baixas concentrações de
compostos com átomos do elemento X, átomos do elemento Y e átomos do elemento
Z.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considere
as seguintes configurações eletrônicas no estado fundamental para os átomos dos
elementos X, Y e Z:</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Elemento X: K = 2; L = 8; M = 6<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Elemento Y: K = 2; L = 5<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Elemento
Z: K = 2; L = 6</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os
elementos X, Y e Z presentes no óleo diesel são, respectivamente,</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Dados:
C (Z = 6); N (Z = 7); O (Z = 8); P (Z = 15); S (Z = 16). </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">oxigênio, enxofre e nitrogênio. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">enxofre, nitrogênio e fósforo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">oxigênio, enxofre e carbono. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">enxofre, nitrogênio e oxigênio. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">nitrogênio, enxofre e carbono. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">3.
(Pucrs Medicina 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O efeito fotoelétrico foi observado
pela primeira vez pelo físico alemão Heinrich Hertz em 1887. Hertz observou
que, quando certas frequências de luz iluminavam uma placa metálica, elétrons excitados,
denominados fotoelétrons, deixavam o metal. Posteriormente, esse efeito foi
explicado por Albert Einstein quando introduziu o conceito de fóton.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Durante
um experimento, um professor demonstrou o efeito fotoelétrico iluminando
diferentes placas metálicas com radiação infravermelha (E = 1,38 eV) e radiação
ultravioleta (E = 4,13 eV).<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
tabela a seguir apresenta a função trabalho (f) dos materiais utilizados.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><br /></span></b></p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 5.65pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.3pt;" width="74">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Metal<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 48.7pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">ϕ</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">(eV)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.3pt;" width="74">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sódio<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 48.7pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">2,28<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.3pt;" width="74">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Alumínio<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 48.7pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">4,08<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 55.3pt;" width="74">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">Prata<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 48.7pt;" width="65">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">4,73<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Como
resultado, quando as placas foram iluminadas com radiação infravermelha, o
fenômeno __________ observado nesses materiais. Quando as placas foram iluminadas
com radiação ultravioleta, o fenômeno não foi observado para __________,
enquanto a máxima energia cinética dos fotoelétrons foi observada para __________.
</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">foi – alumínio – sódio </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">foi – prata – alumínio </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">não foi – sódio – alumínio </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">não foi – prata – sódio </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">4.
(Ufrgs 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale a alternativa que apresenta elementos com
o mesmo número de nêutrons.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Dados:
Cr (Z = 24); Mn (Z = 25); Fe (Z = 26); Co (Z = 27); Cu (Z = 29); Zn (Z = 30).</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Átomo de cromo com massa 54 e átomo de ferro com massa 57. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Átomo de cobalto com massa 57 e átomo de cobre com massa 62. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Átomo de cobalto com massa 57 e átomo de ferro com massa 57. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Átomo de cromo com massa 54 e átomo de manganês com massa 55. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Átomo de manganês com massa 55 e átomo de zinco com massa 63. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">5.
(Uece 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Com relação à configuração eletrônica dos átomos,
são feitas as seguintes afirmações:</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I.
os elétrons são distribuídos em subníveis na ordem dos valores crescentes de <span style="mso-text-raise: -2.0pt; position: relative; top: 2.0pt;"><v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f">
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</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(nº quântico principal
mais nº quântico secundário).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II.
dois elétrons de um mesmo átomo não podem ter os mesmos quatro números quânticos.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III.
a ocupação menos estável dos elétrons nos orbitais de um átomo é aquela em que
é máximo o número de elétrons desemparelhados.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">IV.
no estado fundamental, os elétrons ocupam os orbitais atômicos de modo que a
energia total do átomo seja a máxima possível.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">É
correto apenas o que se afirma em </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I e II. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II e IV. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I, III e IV. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">6. (Fuvest 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O quadrinho a seguir mostra uma paródia entre
situações cotidianas e descobertas científicas.</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnYtr0eV8rBFWNngW9lFux30SYT9Ni0xYLMj18iFYPYASuDSB_arhbHJleoNh8WFGAxh942nsN4T5gjJ0jXcPpwrBKSRzROMujWKYRerZrurOcXkzE_bwhEMVPCEa07_qGIQH3ZXu0RWsxgkuprJE4GMs-wDLy141tIKdyg_MVuQki5hUqFoZOfUHY9eRd/s873/6.%20par%C3%B3dia%20entre%20situa%C3%A7%C3%B5es%20cotidianas%20e%20descobertas%20cient%C3%ADficas.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="873" data-original-width="664" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnYtr0eV8rBFWNngW9lFux30SYT9Ni0xYLMj18iFYPYASuDSB_arhbHJleoNh8WFGAxh942nsN4T5gjJ0jXcPpwrBKSRzROMujWKYRerZrurOcXkzE_bwhEMVPCEa07_qGIQH3ZXu0RWsxgkuprJE4GMs-wDLy141tIKdyg_MVuQki5hUqFoZOfUHY9eRd/w486-h640/6.%20par%C3%B3dia%20entre%20situa%C3%A7%C3%B5es%20cotidianas%20e%20descobertas%20cient%C3%ADficas.png" width="486" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Quais feitos científicos de Mendeleev, de Watson e
Crick e de Thomson estão relacionados com o quadrinho? </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Proposição
de um modelo atômico, descoberta da estrutura dos polímeros, descoberta da
radioatividade. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Organização
dos elementos químicos em uma Tabela Periódica, descoberta da estrutura do DNA,
proposição de um modelo atômico. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Compreensão
da reatividade dos elementos químicos, representação simbólica dos elementos,
descoberta das interações moleculares. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Definição
de entalpia, representação simbólica dos elementos, caracterização e
propriedades dos coloides. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Balanceamento
de equações químicas, descoberta da pilha, organização dos elementos químicos
em uma Tabela Periódica. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">7. (Ufjf-pism 1
2022)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpYCBmVSitIAk2NxIIQhWISVC-n93irTIZ68eRtUZ5yREBfPZEREs1j9n6wSf0v-qAwxA8YKFL6iChMwgPNzD4XxewG4hlSoCC2pAwFakzQgkX23Li7eKzpSlFHQVphTzlnq3y7uL_EfbZkwT-0EIugr-OiDxpjQFBfJFWoVdOgcLf9q39gT1sLUX40e1o/s771/7.%20N%C3%BAmeros%20at%C3%B4micos.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="257" data-original-width="771" height="134" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpYCBmVSitIAk2NxIIQhWISVC-n93irTIZ68eRtUZ5yREBfPZEREs1j9n6wSf0v-qAwxA8YKFL6iChMwgPNzD4XxewG4hlSoCC2pAwFakzQgkX23Li7eKzpSlFHQVphTzlnq3y7uL_EfbZkwT-0EIugr-OiDxpjQFBfJFWoVdOgcLf9q39gT1sLUX40e1o/w400-h134/7.%20N%C3%BAmeros%20at%C3%B4micos.png" width="400" /></a></b></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Com relação aos elementos com
números atômicos 11 e 17, podemos afirmar que:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Ambos os
elementos são gases nobres.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Esses
elementos pertencem às famílias dos grupos 11 e 17, respectivamente.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O elemento com
número atômico 11 possui um raio atômico maior que o elemento com número
atômico 17.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os símbolos
desses elementos são, respectivamente, S e Cℓ.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: .1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Se esses
elementos, com números atômicos 11 e 17, forem combinados de forma
estequiométrica, formarão um óxido. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">8. (Ufms 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Modelos científicos são uma parte importante da
ciência. Muitas vezes eles têm como função explicar fenômenos do nosso
cotidiano. Um dos exemplos de grande relevância para a Química foram as
elaborações dos modelos atômicos. Esses modelos foram formulados por meio de
muito estudo e experimentação, e cada um, à sua maneira, ajudou a compreender
muitos aspectos da matéria. Nesse contexto, é correto afirmar que o primeiro
modelo atômico utilizado para explicar a relação entre a matéria e a
eletricidade foi: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o Modelo
de John Dalton, apelidado de Bola de Bilhar. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o Modelo
atômico de Ernest Rutherford, conhecido como Planetário. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o Modelo
atômico de Joseph Thomson, chamado de Pudim de Passas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o Modelo
atômico de Arnold Sommerfeld e suas órbitas elípticas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o Modelo
atômico de Bohr e sua natureza quântica. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">9. (Ita 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considere a seguinte configuração experimental, constituída de um canhão
de partículas α, dois detectores de partículas α posicionados ortogonalmente
entre si e uma folha fina de um determinado material (W, X, Y, Z).</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><b><br /></b></span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkiq6feNTodOvIXk8n8DiQdjRcXFIoD8ofJX1UD048qaHYuByXr26vr63256aViCIej20KiHadDBWG2TUUPoUnTFN_bmCqI_rAOtSXBAZrhr3uX5SlXJc26tdnA2TQL_eZXlQU8ZsOflrvDPWaKYbxWtV3zUDOcBsMQf-0u50q71dpNpFAU91UakOTH52d/s671/9.%20Configura%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20experimental.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="367" data-original-width="671" height="219" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkiq6feNTodOvIXk8n8DiQdjRcXFIoD8ofJX1UD048qaHYuByXr26vr63256aViCIej20KiHadDBWG2TUUPoUnTFN_bmCqI_rAOtSXBAZrhr3uX5SlXJc26tdnA2TQL_eZXlQU8ZsOflrvDPWaKYbxWtV3zUDOcBsMQf-0u50q71dpNpFAU91UakOTH52d/w400-h219/9.%20Configura%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20experimental.png" width="400" /></a></b></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Experimentos foram realizados, bombardeando cada
material com uma quantidade de partículas α e registrando o número de
partículas coletadas em cada detector, conforme a tabela abaixo.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><br /></span></b></p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 5.65pt; text-align: center;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td rowspan="2" style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 76.95pt;" width="103">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Experimento<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" width="79">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Partículas lançadas<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54.15pt;" width="72">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Material<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 130.6pt;" width="174">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Partículas Coletadas<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 65.3pt;" width="87">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Detector 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 65.3pt;" width="87">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Detector 2<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 76.95pt;" valign="top" width="103">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">I<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="top" width="79">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">8000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54.15pt;" valign="top" width="72">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">W<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 65.3pt;" valign="top" width="87">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">7903<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 65.3pt;" valign="top" width="87">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 76.95pt;" valign="top" width="103">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">II<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="top" width="79">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">10<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54.15pt;" valign="top" width="72">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">X<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 65.3pt;" valign="top" width="87">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">10<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 65.3pt;" valign="top" width="87">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 76.95pt;" valign="top" width="103">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">III<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="top" width="79">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">10<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54.15pt;" valign="top" width="72">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Y<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 65.3pt;" valign="top" width="87">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">10<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 65.3pt;" valign="top" width="87">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 76.95pt;" valign="top" width="103">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">IV<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 59.15pt;" valign="top" width="79">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">10<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 54.15pt;" valign="top" width="72">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Z<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 65.3pt;" valign="top" width="87">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">10<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 65.3pt;" valign="top" width="87">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; page-break-after: avoid; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A partir dessas informações, assinale a alternativa
que apresenta a conclusão CORRETA sobre as observações feitas nos experimentos.
</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Com a
espessura de uma folha fina, somente o material W é capaz de defletir
partículas α. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Conclusões
não podem ser tiradas sobre os experimentos II, III e IV, pois o experimento I mostrou
que a taxa de partículas defletidas é muito baixa para um dos materiais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
medição obtida no experimento I contém algum erro, visto que o número
resultante da soma de partículas registrado nos detectores 1 e 2 não é igual ao
de partículas lançadas pelo canhão. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os
experimentos confirmam que os materiais X, Y e Z são transparentes às
partículas α. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Se todos
os materiais fossem bombardeados por um mesmo número de partículas α, eles
apresentariam exatamente o mesmo número de partículas nos detectores 1 e 2,
contanto que todos tivessem a mesma espessura. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">10. (Upe-ssa 1 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Analogias são muito usuais como estratégias para
abordar conhecimentos científicos, pois possuem o potencial de apresentar
ideias mais complexas (domínio-alvo) a partir de ideias mais simples (domínio
análogo). Contudo, algumas vezes, existe o uso abusivo, como na tirinha a
seguir:</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUTvh_EIM1ZSkvB14xQ3xfeD_MSrrT40daKMwn4zHtTzNBYSWeCixI1zkXxeHQGAFMVG9_4UTmOHSM0-kdjUZDwk9vfqJZlkXwqOi4MGY6OuFvvME9OUan6rkQCrVmWkY982J-6iO1gt9sQ3mbNmSeoaTdUcr0mkUQOAQGRP-PGvw-Q9cvkGNAJcktAvzJ/s739/10.%20Analogias.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="739" data-original-width="701" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUTvh_EIM1ZSkvB14xQ3xfeD_MSrrT40daKMwn4zHtTzNBYSWeCixI1zkXxeHQGAFMVG9_4UTmOHSM0-kdjUZDwk9vfqJZlkXwqOi4MGY6OuFvvME9OUan6rkQCrVmWkY982J-6iO1gt9sQ3mbNmSeoaTdUcr0mkUQOAQGRP-PGvw-Q9cvkGNAJcktAvzJ/w380-h400/10.%20Analogias.png" width="380" /></a></b></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Mesmo com o uso abusivo das analogias, podemos
reconhecer, na ordem em que aparecem, os modelos atômicos propostos por </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Dalton, Thomson, Bohr. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Modelo Quântico, Dalton e Rutherford. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Rutherford, Bohr e Thomson. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Rutherford, Thomson e Dalton. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Dalton,
Modelo Quântico e Bohr. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">11. (Uece 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A distribuição eletrônica diz respeito ao modo como
os elétrons estão distribuídos nas camadas ou níveis de energia que ficam ao
redor do núcleo de um átomo. Considere um átomo que possui, em um nível energético,
os subníveis s, p, d, f assim distribuídos:</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I. O subnível “s” contém o número máximo de
elétrons.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II. O subnível “p” contém o triplo do número de
elétrons do subnível “s”.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III. O subnível “d” contém o número <span style="mso-text-raise: -2.0pt; position: relative; top: 2.0pt;"><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" o:ole="" style="height: 12pt; width: 25.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/jaugu/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.wmz">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.DSMT4" ShapeID="_x0000_i1025"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1749959980">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>de elétrons, onde x é
o número de elétrons que contém o subnível “p”.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">IV. O subnível “f” contém menos 3 elétrons do
número de elétrons que contém o subnível “d”.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">De acordo com a distribuição acima apresentada, é
correto afirmar que o número total de elétrons deste nível energético é </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">24. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">23. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">26. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">25. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">12. (Unioeste 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A Tabela Periódica é uma maneira sistemática para
organizar os elementos químicos de acordo com suas características e
propriedades. Em relação aos elementos químicos e à Tabela Periódica é CORRETO
afirmar que: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O número
atômico é o número de átomos que compõem a Tabela Periódica. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O hélio
é o elemento de menor raio atômico e de maior eletronegatividade da Tabela
Periódica. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os
elementos magnésio, cálcio e césio pertencem à família dos metais alcalinos terrosos.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O raio
atômico do flúor é menor que o do cloro. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O número
de massa de um elemento químico da Tabela Periódica corresponde ao seu número
de prótons. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">13. (Ufjf-pism 1 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Existem
mais de 100 elementos qu</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">í</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">micos
catalogados, ordenados por n</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">úm</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ero
atômico (Z) e dispostos na Tabela Peri</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ód</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ica.
Nela, esses elementos são divididos em grupos ou “famílias”, que possuem
semelhanças nas propriedades químicas e físicas.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sabendo
disso, marque a opção CORRETA considerando o elemento com Z = 12. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Esse
elemento não reage com a água. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sua
massa atômica é 12. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
família desse elemento tem configuração eletrônica geral ns<sup>2</sup>.<span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><v:shape id="_x0000_i1026" o:ole="" style="height: 16.5pt; width: 21pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
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</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.DSMT4" ShapeID="_x0000_i1026"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1749959981">
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</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Pertence
à família dos halogênios. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A 25 °C
e 1atm, esse elemento se apresenta no estado gasoso. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">14. (Enem 2019) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Por terem camada de valência completa, alta energia
de ionização e afinidade eletrônica praticamente nula, considerou-se por muito
tempo que os gases nobres não formariam compostos químicos. Porém, em 1962, foi
realizada com sucesso a reação entre o xenônio (camada de valência 5s<sup>2</sup>5p<sup>6</sup>)
e o hexafluoreto de platina e, desde então, mais compostos novos de gases
nobres vêm sendo sintetizados. Tais compostos demonstram que não se pode
aceitar acriticamente a regra do octeto, na qual se considera que, numa ligação
química, os átomos tendem a adquirir estabilidade assumindo a configuração
eletrônica de gás nobre. Dentre os compostos conhecidos, um dos mais estáveis é
o difluoreto de xenônio, no qual dois átomos do halogênio flúor (camada de
valência 2s<sup>2</sup>2p<sup>5</sup>) se ligam covalentemente ao átomo de gás
nobre para ficarem com oito elétrons de valência.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Ao se escrever a fórmula de Lewis do composto de
xenônio citado, quantos elétrons na camada de valência haverá no átomo do gás
nobre? </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">6 </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">8 </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">10 </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) 12</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">14 </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">15. (Ufu 2018) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O “brilho” das placas de trânsito, quando recebem
luz dos faróis dos carros no período da noite, pode ser compreendido pelo
efeito da luminescência. Sem esse efeito, teríamos dificuldade de visualizar a
informação das placas no período noturno, o que acarretaria possíveis acidentes
de trânsito.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Esse efeito, conhecido como </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">fosforescência,
pode ser explicado pela quantização de energia dos elétrons e seu retorno ao
estado mais energético, conforme o Modelo Atômico de Rutherford. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">bioluminescência,
pode ser explicado pela mudança de nível energético dos elétrons e seu retorno
ao nível menos energético, conforme o Modelo de Rutherford-Bohr. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">fluorescência,
pode ser explicado pela excitação dos elétrons e seu retorno ao estado menos
energético, conforme o Modelo Atômico de Bohr. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">luminescência,
pode ser explicado pela produção de luz por meio da excitação dos elétrons,
conforme o Modelo Atômico de Thomson. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">16. (Uece 2018) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considerando a primeira energia de ionização,
assinale a afirmação verdadeira. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Nos
períodos, ela cresce sempre da esquerda para a direita. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sofre
influência do número de nêutrons do átomo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">É mais
fácil remover um elétron 2s do Be<sup>+</sup> do que remover um elétron do 1s
do Li<sup>+</sup>. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
primeira energia de ionização do enxofre é maior que a primeira energia de
ionização do oxigênio. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">17. (Cftmg 2018) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A figura seguinte representa um fenômeno ocorrido
ao atritar um pente em uma flanela e depois aproximá-lo de papel picado pelo fato
de o pente ficar eletrizado por atrito.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><b><br /></b></span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb9FIozxD7XOSNXvKy5Sh9oCLRoZdsoVW56FF1876SsCycYfagZfG55jhYRQPwRTaBtxRO_k9df3WKPiyWtO-pCAsucvrEf8cCxA32uUYD43cF1WB4_WsmX6xmw_NGI4oQn-XBoqGJu3bfz8SwzUziZtaSG7JHeuJm9e-y7MTN0Z9FzqTP71kIjcUqddFz/s413/17.%20Pente%20e%20flanela.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="413" data-original-width="370" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb9FIozxD7XOSNXvKy5Sh9oCLRoZdsoVW56FF1876SsCycYfagZfG55jhYRQPwRTaBtxRO_k9df3WKPiyWtO-pCAsucvrEf8cCxA32uUYD43cF1WB4_WsmX6xmw_NGI4oQn-XBoqGJu3bfz8SwzUziZtaSG7JHeuJm9e-y7MTN0Z9FzqTP71kIjcUqddFz/s320/17.%20Pente%20e%20flanela.png" width="287" /></a></b></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Tendo em vista a evolução dos modelos atômicos, de
Dalton até Bohr, o primeiro modelo que explica o fenômeno da eletrização é o de
</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Bohr. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Dalton. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Thomson.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Rutherford.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">18. (Uece 2018) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O subnível <span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><v:shape id="_x0000_i1027" o:ole="" style="height: 13.5pt; width: 9pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/jaugu/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image009.wmz">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.DSMT4" ShapeID="_x0000_i1027"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1749959982">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>de um átomo, em seu
estado fundamental, tem 4 elétrons desemparelhados. O número de elétrons que
existem no nível a que pertence esse subnível é </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;">a) 13 e 14 <br />b) 12 e 15 <br />c) 12 e 14 <br />d) 13 e 15 </span><p></p><p>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">19. (Upe-ssa 1 2017) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Muitas informações veiculadas na internet contêm
erros científicos. Um exemplo disso pode ser verificado em determinado blog<i> </i>sobre o ensino de química
cujo conteúdo é transcrito a seguir:</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Modelos Atômicos</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os modelos atômicos são diferentes ideias, que
surgiram durante o desenvolvimento da história da ciência, na tentativa de
explicar a composição íntima da matéria. O primeiro modelo atômico da era
moderna foi proposto por John Dalton, que considerava os átomos como esferas
maciças e indivisíveis. A descoberta dos elétrons, partículas subatômicas de
carga elétrica positiva, fez os cientistas provarem que o átomo era divisível,
abrindo espaço para uma nova ideia, um modelo que ficou conhecido como pudim de
passas, atribuído ao físico Ernest Rutherford. Esse modelo durou alguns anos,
até que o cientista Niels Böhr propôs um modelo no qual os elétrons giravam ao
redor de um núcleo com energia variável, ao percorrer uma órbita fixa. A partir
desses elétrons, os átomos poderiam se unir para formar compostos em um
fenômeno conhecido como ligação química, que ocorria em busca de aumentar a
energia do sistema e com isso adquirir estabilidade.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Quantos erros científicos são encontrados no texto?
</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Um </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Dois </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Três </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Quatro </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Cinco </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">20. (Pucrj 2017) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O elemento selênio (Se) tem massa atômica igual a 78,96u.m.a.
Os dois isótopos mais abundantes do selênio são o <sup>80</sup>Se e o <sup>78</sup>Se.
Sobre estes isótopos de selênio, é correto dizer que eles têm</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Dado: Se (Z = 34). </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o mesmo
número de massa.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">abundâncias
percentuais iguais.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o mesmo
número de nêutrons.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">diferentes
configurações eletrônicas quando átomos de ambos se encontram neutros.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o mesmo
número de prótons.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">21. (Ime 2016) Identifique a
alternativa em que a configuração eletrônica da espécie química representada,
em seu estado fundamental, é dada por:</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><b><br /></b></span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxDFBK99GOPYasQ1vELQeXWWOzEoH3G0pf6QpHb_dfkARBvkOR7HRztyyeC7uDDPS0Q_RRR_YSpU0KgwOgF2jL6uYFaVjIbXMhOSV8X9hFKx9e4Oa7h783Pf1dKnEyx6-5o7LQppVxgcOXX4Q6-w1bqBydCzIsjhdLJwFJ_pIlzvYqmixygftdtZbkuQ8E/s736/21.%20configura%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20eletr%C3%B4nica.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="403" data-original-width="736" height="350" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxDFBK99GOPYasQ1vELQeXWWOzEoH3G0pf6QpHb_dfkARBvkOR7HRztyyeC7uDDPS0Q_RRR_YSpU0KgwOgF2jL6uYFaVjIbXMhOSV8X9hFKx9e4Oa7h783Pf1dKnEyx6-5o7LQppVxgcOXX4Q6-w1bqBydCzIsjhdLJwFJ_pIlzvYqmixygftdtZbkuQ8E/w640-h350/21.%20configura%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20eletr%C3%B4nica.png" width="640" /></a></b></div><b><br /></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -7.1pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) Cu<sup>+</sup><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -7.1pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) Sn<sup>2+</sup><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -7.1pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Cd<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -7.1pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Ge<sup>2+</sup><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -7.1pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) Zn<sup>+</sup></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">22. (UTFPR 2016) O chumbo é um
metal tóxico, pesado, macio, maleável e mau condutor de eletricidade. É usado
na construção civil, em baterias de ácido, em munição, em proteção contra
raios-X e forma parte de ligas metálicas para a produção de soldas, fusíveis,
revestimentos de cabos elétricos, materiais antifricção, metais de tipografia,
etc.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No chumbo presente na natureza são
encontrados átomos que têm em seu núcleo 82 prótons e 12 nêutrons (Pb- 204),
átomos com 82 prótons e 124 nêutrons (Pb- 206), átomos com 82 prótons e 125
nêutrons (Pb- 207) e átomos com 82 prótons e 126 nêutrons (Pb- 208). Quanto às
características, os átomos de chumbo descritos são: </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) alótropos. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) isômeros. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) isótonos. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) isótopos. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) isóbaros. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">23. (Udesc 2016) Na Inglaterra por
volta de 1900, uma série de experimentos realizados por cientistas, como Sir
Joseph John Thompson (1856-1940) e Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937), estabeleceu
um modelo do átomo que serviu de base à teoria atômica. Atualmente, sabe-se que
três partículas subatômicas são os constituintes de todos os átomos: próton,
nêutrons e elétrons. Desta forma, o átomo constituído por 17 prótons, 18
nêutrons e 17 elétrons possui número atômico e número de massa,
sequencialmente, igual a:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) 17 e 18 <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) 34 e 52 <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) 17 e 17 <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) 17 e 35 <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) 35 e 17 </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">24. (Ufjf-pism 1 2016) Desde a Grécia
antiga, filósofos e cientistas vêm levantando hipóteses sobre a constituição da
matéria. Demócrito foi uns dos primeiros filósofos a propor que a matéria era
constituída por partículas muito pequenas e indivisíveis, as quais chamaram de
átomos. A partir de então, vários modelos atômicos foram formulados, à medida
que novos e melhores métodos de investigação foram sendo desenvolvidos. A
seguir, são apresentadas as representações gráficas de alguns modelos atômicos:</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><b><br /></b></span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6bYel4xJKJbjDzm9iJ7_5T6K68KngATvXPgFEcwq3OY1J2Cvm_mqGyuV27oP-F3gtfdpRt6FhjM0J-kMn6TKMSbkgOeupxALwIZangaolWIhRiC4d2W2n2pZxsCv2w4Sn49EjpMVCXzh5dR5GEe87AF4yHgCuj3sNtp4nkMagk_8TRjadQxOnEXvdg5zW/s481/24.%20modelos%20at%C3%B4micos.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="125" data-original-width="481" height="104" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6bYel4xJKJbjDzm9iJ7_5T6K68KngATvXPgFEcwq3OY1J2Cvm_mqGyuV27oP-F3gtfdpRt6FhjM0J-kMn6TKMSbkgOeupxALwIZangaolWIhRiC4d2W2n2pZxsCv2w4Sn49EjpMVCXzh5dR5GEe87AF4yHgCuj3sNtp4nkMagk_8TRjadQxOnEXvdg5zW/w400-h104/24.%20modelos%20at%C3%B4micos.png" width="400" /></a></b></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale a alternativa que correlaciona
o modelo atômico com a sua respectiva representação gráfica.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) I - Thomson, II - Dalton, III -
Rutherford-Bohr. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) I - Rutherford-Bohr, II - Thomson, III -
Dalton. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) I - Dalton, II - Rutherford-Bohr, III -
Thomson. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) I - Dalton, II - Thomson, III -
Rutherford-Bohr. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) I - Thomson, II - Rutherford-Bohr, III -
Dalton. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">25. (IFSUL 2016) Isótopos são átomos de
um mesmo elemento químico com número de massa diferente. Na radioterapia, são
utilizados isótopos como o B<sup>10</sup>, Co<sup>60</sup>, Cs<sup>137</sup> e
Ir<sup>192</sup>. A alternativa que apresenta o número de nêutrons de
cada isótopo, respectivamente, é </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) 6,32,78 e 114<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) 5,33,82 e 115<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) 115,82,33 e 5<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) 114,78,32 e 6 </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">26. (Pucrs 2013) Há um velho
ditado que diz que os mortos não contam histórias. Contudo, a colaboração
entre química, física e arqueologia tem conseguido, cada vez mais, fazer com
que pessoas mortas há séculos ou milênios nos digam algo de suas histórias. A
análise de isótopos em materiais arqueológicos, como ossos, madeira e carvão,
tem revelado muitas informações sobre o período, o ambiente e a dieta de nossos
antepassados.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O carbono, por exemplo, existe
naturalmente na forma de dois isótopos estáveis (<sup>12</sup>C e <sup>13</sup>C),
sendo predominante o mais leve deles. O teor de carbono-13 está associado ao
clima que existia no passado em um dado local. Devido a certas diferenças no
metabolismo dos vegetais, os ecossistemas de climas quentes e secos tendem a
ficar enriquecidos em carbono-13, ao passo que os climas úmidos e frios tendem
a gerar menores concentrações desse isótopo nos vestígios arqueológicos.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O carbono apresenta ainda um isótopo
radioativo, o <sup>14</sup>C, que decai lentamente com uma meia-vida de
aproximadamente 5700 anos. Com a ajuda desse nuclídeo, pode-se determinar há
quanto tempo morreu um organismo.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Outra aplicação arqueológica dos
isótopos é a medição do teor de <sup>15</sup>N, um isótopo minoritário do
nitrogênio, em ossos encontrados em escavações. Os peixes apresentam um teor
relativamente alto de <sup>15</sup>N, e as pessoas que comem muito peixe
ficam com um teor acima da média desse isótopo. </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Com base no texto acima, é correto
afirmar: </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) O átomo de carbono-14, que é radioativo, tem o
mesmo número de nêutrons que o isótopo mais abundante do nitrogênio.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) O carbono-12, o carbono-13 e o carbono-14 são
diferentes elementos químicos, mas todos têm seis prótons no núcleo.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) No decaimento radioativo do carbono-14, há
produção de uma partícula beta e de um átomo de nitrogênio-15. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Se uma amostra arqueológica de osso é especialmente
rica em átomos com 6 prótons e 7 nêutrons, ela é compatível com um povo de
pescadores que viveu em regiões frias e úmidas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) Os átomos de nitrogênio-15 e de carbono-14 têm o
mesmo número de nêutrons, porém massas diferentes. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">27. (Ufpr 2014) As teorias
atômicas vêm se desenvolvendo ao longo da história. Até o início do século XIX,
não se tinha um modelo claro da constituição da matéria. De lá até a
atualidade, a ideia de como a matéria é constituída sofreu diversas
modificações, como se pode observar no modelo atômico de Bohr, que manteve
paradigmas conceituais sobre a constituição da matéria, mas também inseriu
novos conceitos surgidos no início do século XX.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No modelo atômico de Bohr:</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">1. O elétron circula em órbita com raio definido.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">2. O elétron é descrito por uma função de onda.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">3. Para descrever o elétron num orbital são
necessários 4 números quânticos.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">4. Toda a massa do átomo está concentrada no
núcleo, que ocupa uma porção ínfima do espaço.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Entre as afirmativas acima,
correspondem ao modelo atômico de Bohr: </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) 1 e 2 apenas.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) 2 e 3 apenas.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) 2, 3 e 4 apenas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) 1 e 4 apenas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) 1, 3 e 4 apenas. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">28. (Unesp 2014) Em 2013
comemora-se o centenário do modelo atômico proposto pelo físico dinamarquês
Niels Bohr para o átomo de hidrogênio, o qual incorporou o conceito de
quantização da energia, possibilitando a explicação de algumas propriedades
observadas experimentalmente. Embora o modelo atômico atual seja diferente, em
muitos aspectos, daquele proposto por Bohr, a incorporação do conceito de
quantização foi fundamental para o seu desenvolvimento. Com respeito ao modelo
atômico para o átomo de hidrogênio proposto por Bohr em 1913, é correto afirmar
que</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) o espectro de emissão do átomo de H é explicado
por meio da emissão de energia pelo elétron em seu movimento dentro de cada
órbita estável ao redor do núcleo do átomo.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) o movimento do elétron ao redor do núcleo do
átomo é descrito por meio de níveis e subníveis eletrônicos. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) o elétron se move com velocidade constante em
cada uma das órbitas circulares permitidas ao redor do núcleo do átomo.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) a regra do octeto é um dos conceitos fundamentais
para ocupação, pelo elétron, das órbitas ao redor do núcleo do átomo.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) a velocidade do elétron é variável em seu
movimento em uma órbita elíptica ao redor do núcleo do átomo. </span></p><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>29. (Uece 2014) Conforme o site De Rerum Natura, alguns empresários inescrupulosos estão comercializando as chamadas pulseiras quânticas que, segundo eles, teriam poderes extraordinários na cura de determinadas moléstias e teriam sido inventadas por um cientista da NASA. No que concerne à teoria quântica, que não trata de mistificação, assinale a afirmação verdadeira.</b></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">(http://dererummundi.blogspot.com.br/2010/07/o-negocio-das-pulseiras-quanticas.html)</span></div></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) Uma molécula emite ou absorve energia apenas
quando permanece em determinado estado quântico.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) A teoria quântica foi elaborada pelo cientista
James Clerk Maxwell e aperfeiçoada por Max Planck e Linus Pauling. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Segundo a teoria quântica, um corpo negro a
qualquer temperatura não nula deveria emitir radiações ultravioleta com altas
frequências<b>.</b> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) São resultados práticos do estudo de química
quântica: os aparelhos de CD e DVD, o controle remoto, os equipamentos de
ressonância magnética e os microcomputadores.</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">30. (Uece 2014) Wolfgang Ernst
Pauli (1900–1958), físico austríaco, estabeleceu o princípio de exclusão,
segundo o qual férmions, como é o caso dos elétrons, “não podem ocupar o mesmo
estado quântico simultaneamente”. Este princípio está em consonância com uma
das propriedades da matéria, conhecida pelos pré-socráticos desde os tempos imemoriais,
denominada de</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;">a) impenetrabilidade. <br />b) inércia. <br />c) divisibilidade. <br />d) extensão. </span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">31. (Udesc 2014) Assinale a
alternativa correta em relação ao átomo de cálcio e ao seu íon mais
comum. </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) O átomo de cálcio tem o mesmo número de elétrons
que o seu íon.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) A massa molar do átomo de cálcio é a mesma do
seu íon. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) O raio do átomo de cálcio é menor que o íon.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) O íon cálcio mais comum tem carga +1.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) O número de nêutrons do íon cálcio é maior que o
do átomo de cálcio. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">32. (Uerj 2014) Uma forma de
identificar a estabilidade de um átomo de qualquer elemento químico consiste em
relacionar seu número de prótons com seu número de nêutrons em um gráfico
denominado diagrama de estabilidade, mostrado a seguir.</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyJIIsB9J2Y3bqjG3BlRFVRsWKWLwjH91CJQj4YhTW_J3gKg6GQpuYYmAwDh0OwEwB2ZYa6P9GVDUFilf5lHIEj-QViviY47XVpmpILc2Mh_lqmzWAdXc1r5mxJ2ZlX8yMLFArZ7bCiQRuO3v4QN9qk5lsaQFrPEimsSU57dcKhURt43wP4JAzLfNVKk8N/s433/32.%20Diagrama%20de%20estabilidade.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="362" data-original-width="433" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyJIIsB9J2Y3bqjG3BlRFVRsWKWLwjH91CJQj4YhTW_J3gKg6GQpuYYmAwDh0OwEwB2ZYa6P9GVDUFilf5lHIEj-QViviY47XVpmpILc2Mh_lqmzWAdXc1r5mxJ2ZlX8yMLFArZ7bCiQRuO3v4QN9qk5lsaQFrPEimsSU57dcKhURt43wP4JAzLfNVKk8N/s320/32.%20Diagrama%20de%20estabilidade.png" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">São considerados estáveis os átomos
cuja interseção entre o número de prótons e o de nêutrons se encontra dentro da
zona de estabilidade mostrada no gráfico.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Verifica-se, com base no diagrama, que
o menor número de massa de um isótopo estável de um metal é igual a:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;">a) 2 <br />b) 3 <br />c) 6 <br />d) 9 <br /></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">33. (IFSP 2014) A placa a seguir
aparece em uma das lixeiras utilizadas para coleta seletiva do lixo. </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsH21rRtB7Migqd4QDYddiOGxDSxUt0WNuEmAcrwWVbu54ET4OPu2oOcZFx62J0lzq-3lfCKb0dCnBINmQBYHMZSoTCx3UcSM-ckhBnTnXqa7YP2kSFXVnQx6ZxSOO169YakJXi1K5LSK7e8_9KcO0d1y1hN8zV3fayhxeoH0wvAjsetqGHHuJa-e6KyTS/s482/33.%20Lixo%20recicl%C3%A1vel.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="215" data-original-width="482" height="143" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsH21rRtB7Migqd4QDYddiOGxDSxUt0WNuEmAcrwWVbu54ET4OPu2oOcZFx62J0lzq-3lfCKb0dCnBINmQBYHMZSoTCx3UcSM-ckhBnTnXqa7YP2kSFXVnQx6ZxSOO169YakJXi1K5LSK7e8_9KcO0d1y1hN8zV3fayhxeoH0wvAjsetqGHHuJa-e6KyTS/s320/33.%20Lixo%20recicl%C3%A1vel.png" width="320" /></a></b></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Nessa lixeira podem ser colocados
objetos feitos com os mais diferentes metais, como: latas e folhas de alumínio;
latas e pregos de aço; pedaços de fios e bobinas de cobre; bijuterias e lâminas
de latão; restos de solda de estanho e chumbo.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Quando, em uma usina de tratamento de
lixo, esses objetos forem passados por uma esteira sob um eletroímã ligado,
serão atraídos os seguintes:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) as latas e os pregos de aço.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) as latas e as folhas de alumínio. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) os pedaços de fios e as bobinas de cobre.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) as bijuterias e as lâminas de latão.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) os restos de solda de estanho e chumbo. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">34. (UTFPR 2014) O desastre
nuclear ocorrido na usina nuclear de Fukushima I, localizada no Japão, tem sido
considerado o maior acidente nuclear da história. Devido a este acidente foram
detectados vazamentos principalmente de<sub> 53</sub>I<sup>137</sup> e <sub>55</sub>Cs<sup>137, </sup>que
contaminaram a água próxima da usina. A respeito dessa informação assinale a
alternativa correta.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) Os elementos iodo e césio apresentam o mesmo
número de nêutrons.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) Os elementos iodo e césio são isóbaros.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) O iodo tem número atômico maior que o césio.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) A água é uma substância pura simples.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) O césio tem número de massa maior que o iodo. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">35. (Ufg 2013) Para estimular um
estudante a se familiarizar com os números atômicos de alguns elementos
químicos, um professor cobriu as teclas numéricas de uma calculadora com os
símbolos dos elementos químicos de número atômico correspondente, como mostra a
figura a seguir.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuOP35DbUqAsDq5eFyyzzqxGvJ9CVe10PQKnzr68kTps9_zWKOfDfwe2PuoJk2uvJ9FEOrS_zPx3vjAH2MqB8gs5S7V0DFjCYoUC09IPUOG25FyxLuzQOULKi_BZVhkazsn2AsH7gzvCWZZTr4SMCYBEPSqyllAeGyhi25VHKWQmRSmZMraRTW5zNAJBqO/s355/35.%20Calculadora.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="273" data-original-width="355" height="246" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuOP35DbUqAsDq5eFyyzzqxGvJ9CVe10PQKnzr68kTps9_zWKOfDfwe2PuoJk2uvJ9FEOrS_zPx3vjAH2MqB8gs5S7V0DFjCYoUC09IPUOG25FyxLuzQOULKi_BZVhkazsn2AsH7gzvCWZZTr4SMCYBEPSqyllAeGyhi25VHKWQmRSmZMraRTW5zNAJBqO/s320/35.%20Calculadora.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2327980403783605222/3429537767712652757"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><v:shape href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2327980403783605222/3429537767712652757" id="Imagem_x0020_2" o:button="t" o:spid="_x0000_i1037" style="height: 204.75pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 266.25pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/jaugu/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image023.png">
</v:imagedata></v:fill></v:shape></span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Nessa calculadora, se o estudante
adicionar o elemento de menor número atômico com o de maior eletronegatividade,
elevar a soma ao elemento cujo número atômico seja um número primo par e, em
seguida, calcular o logaritmo do resultado, acionando a tecla log, o resultado
final será um dígito, cuja tecla corresponde ao símbolo</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) de um gás nobre.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) do elemento mais eletronegativo. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) do elemento de menor número atômico.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) de um halogênio. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) do elemento menos eletronegativo. <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.portaldovestibulando.com/2023/07/estrutura-do-atomo-modelos-atomicos-e.html" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="55" data-original-width="266" height="55" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdlVMtD4QIKPHAW_AVtOuN4C8ovo1CeQRkYipMRedv--IOPA_kpO5WG8nw0FMUC-DnRNDUFjfTJpA4d_ZBsVSBcbi27TSma_SGIzfnhzFfEEJivWwWFUZ8j5TAqNqx_sgmgshMG8LuZqoWt0lOxj0nJj-ue63lD15W3miws5SDG_T7JJ2uD0GqStAT3Fkh/s1600/Gabarito.png" width="266" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/file/d24tk0o8cfape4e/Química+-+Estrutura+do+Átomo+-+Modelos+Atômicos.pdf/file" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhH44L_8lg5lUw5XjXfh49EwPhUqG4EBreImXuFLdBMFLNMEjQeDec22MmFbF_V2Wwp6a4oFiDGgHixmkpi2KLesc4tWsDfjpM9L6eiGa6gxWm83ZjSnOrensu5EWy7zNjH43eICPHcSYlKGKKDd0Gm30kj5xaptJ4a9nbvU8FF3FuEFSw2aB0Bxh6fswwg/s1600/Lista%20de%20exerc%C3%ADcios.png" width="275" /></a></div><br />Portal do Vestibulandohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03466686065222700679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5538522159417475835.post-69043267565138521582023-07-04T06:50:00.002-04:002023-07-04T06:53:07.364-04:00Extrativismo Mineral e Vegetal - Lista de Exercício - Questões de Vestibulares e Concursos<p> </p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">1. (Pucrs Medicina 2022) </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O alumínio é um metal largamente
utilizado no cotidiano, especialmente devido à sua leveza e resistência à corrosão.
Embora seja observado em rochas _________, não é encontrado na natureza na
forma pura, mas em conjunto com hidróxidos. Esse agregado chama-se _________.
Essas formações podem estar localizadas em regiões temperadas, porém a maior
parte encontra-se em regiões tropicais e, em geral, é produto do/da _________. Quimicamente
falando, algumas rochas se decompõem em contato com o/a _________, dissolvendo
a maior parte da sílica e formando crostas superficiais compostas
principalmente de óxido de ferro e alumina hidratada.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os conceitos e termos que completam
as lacunas, na ordem em que se encontram no texto, são </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">magmáticas – cassiterita – laterização – ar </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">magmáticas – bauxita – laterização – água </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">sedimentares – bauxita – laterização – água </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">sedimentares – </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">cassiterita – intemperismo – ar</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>2. (G1 - col. naval 2021) O Brasil possui uma variada gama de províncias minerais, reflexo de sua extensão territorial e formação geológica.</b></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Adas, Melhem. Panorama geográfico do Brasil: contradições, impasses e desafios socioespaciais. São Paulo: Moderna, 2010. p. 144.</span></div></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sobre
a produção mineral e a sua ocorrência no território nacional, assinale a opção
correta. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os seus principais jazimentos metálicos estão localizados em áreas de
formações geológicas mais recentes, com destaque para o carvão mineral, o qual é
bastante explorado na Grande Província Geológica de Carajás. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, em pleno Pantanal Mato-Grossense,
encontram-se jazidas de minério de ferro, as quais, em função da distância dos
centros consumidores e da carência de meios de transportes, acabam tendo sua
produção comprometida. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Na década de 1970, o Projeto Radambrasil descobriu importantes depósitos
de cassiterita no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, o qual acabou se tornando o
maior produtor nacional desse minério. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O minério de cobre, típico das áreas de bacias sedimentares mais
recentes, possui destacada produção no Estado de Sergipe, o qual contribui para
a manutenção do setor automotivo e eletroeletrônico regional. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Atualmente, no Estado do Amapá, encontra-se a principal área de produção
e exploração de manganês, destacando-se a Serra do Navio, a qual se localiza em
terrenos cristalinos recentes. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">3.
(FAMERP 2020) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Um novo estudo realizado pela Escola Nacional de
Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca (ENSP/Fiocruz) na população indígena Yanomami
constatou a presença de mercúrio nas amostras de cabelo de 56% das mulheres e
crianças da região de Maturacá, no Amazonas, em níveis acima do tolerado pela
Organização Mundial da Saúde. “O mercúrio é disseminado pelas águas dos rios e
a contaminação de seres humanos se dá, especialmente, por meio da ingestão de
peixes contaminados”, afirmou o coordenador da pesquisa, Paulo Basta.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Filipe
Leonel. “Contaminação por mercúrio se alastra na população Yanomami”.
www.ensp.fiocruz.br, 16.08.2019. Adaptado.)</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 6pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
contaminação por mercúrio apresentada no excerto está associada </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">à calagem para eliminar a acidez do solo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ao terraceamento sem o controle de erosão. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ao garimpo ilegal para a extração de ouro. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">à laterização para a extração da canga. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a aterros sanitários sem a impermeabilização do terreno. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">4.
(UNICAMP 2020) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O petróleo continua sendo a fonte de energia mais
importante do mundo. A posse de reservas, o transporte e a capacidade de refino
figuram como elementos de soberania nacional e estratégicos em um mundo
extremamente competitivo. Em relação ao petróleo no Brasil, é correto afirmar: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As descobertas das reservas nacionais ocorreram </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
partir dos anos 1980 e a Bacia de Campos (RJ) é hoje a principal produtora do
país.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A extração nacional é cada dia maior, mas a inexistência de oleodutos
exige que o transporte seja realizado por meio rodoviário. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A maior produção em terra provém do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte e, em
mar, do pré-sal situado entre os Estados de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Apesar de possuir grandes reservas, especialmente com as descobertas do
pré-sal, não há refino no país, por isso os derivados são importados. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">5.
(UFRGS 2020) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Leia os segmentos abaixo.</span></b></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>No caso de Brumadinho, o lodo invadiu o ribeirão Ferro-Carvão, e dali já seguiu para o [rio] Paraopeba. O ribeirão, devido à sua topografia, acabou retendo em seu vale boa parte dos rejeitos. Isso significa que as chuvas que estão caindo hoje e que vão cair nos próximos anos vão carrear esses rejeitos continuamente para o [rio] Paraopeba.</b></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Disponível em: <https://www.nationalgeographicbrasil.com/meio-ambiente/2019/02/</span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">lama-toxica-poluicao-barragem-fundao-samarco-mariana-abrolhos>. Acesso em: 21 mar. 2019.</span></div></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Pesquisadores
confirmaram que a lama do rompimento da barragem do Fundão, em Mariana (MG),
percorreu cerca de 660 km do rio Doce e depois chegou ao Parque Nacional
Marinho de Abrolhos.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Disponível em:
<https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/cotidiano/2019/02/lamaavanca-por-rio-e-moradores-deixam-casas.shtml>.
Acesso em: 21 mar. 2019.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considere
as afirmações abaixo, sobre os problemas ambientais associados ao rompimento de
barragens de mineração.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I. Os danos ambientais
do rompimento das barragens de rejeitos de mineração reportados envolvem biota,
microclima, solos, recursos hídricos (drenagem superficial e subterrânea),
população, dinâmica sedimentar e processos de formação do relevo.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II. Os impactos
ambientais acontecem a montante e a jusante de onde ocorreu o evento, pois o entendimento
da extensão dos danos envolve o conceito de bacia hidrográfica. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III. O impacto do
rompimento da barragem da Samarco, no Parque Nacional Marinho de Abrolhos, está
relacionado à ação da corrente oceânica de Humboldt.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Quais
estão corretas? <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Apenas I. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Apenas II. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Apenas III. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Apenas I e II. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I, II e III. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">6.
(UERJ 2020</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O BRASIL SOB A LAMA</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
Brasil viveu, na última semana, um pesadelo. O país ainda chora os 110 mortos e
mais de 200 desaparecidos deixados pela avalanche de lama da sexta-feira
passada, dia 25 de janeiro, em Brumadinho (MG), causada pelo rompimento de uma
barragem de rejeitos da mineradora Vale. A tragédia tem um precedente muito
próximo, também no Estado de Minas Gerais, em Mariana. Em 5 de novembro de
2015, o rompimento de duas paredes de contenção na represa da Samarco matou 19
pessoas e deixou um irreparável rastro de destruição ambiental.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">É
assombroso constatar que, mais de três anos depois, o Brasil continua debatendo
sobre os mesmos problemas que ocasionaram a primeira tragédia. Mais ainda, que
durante todo este tempo nada tenha sido feito para melhorar a segurança de tais
instalações. É terrível também ver como uma parte da sociedade continua
demonizando a fiscalização ambiental e militando em uma dicotomia cega e
antiquada entre preservação e desenvolvimento econômico.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 9pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Adaptado de brasil.elpais.com, 01/02/2019</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">NÃO HÁ DESENVOLVIMENTO SEM PROTEÇÃO AMBIENTAL</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
desastre de Brumadinho é uma boa oportunidade para refletir sobre uma visão muito
disseminada no Brasil de que a proteção ambiental é um entrave ao
desenvolvimento. Muitos acreditam que devemos desenhar políticas econômicas sem
analisar suas consequências ambientais. Isso está profundamente equivocado. Os
livros de economia das melhores universidades do mundo já não falam mais de
crescimento sem considerar os seus impactos ambientais, que no passado eram
tratados como simples “externalidades”.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Na
visão antiga, qualquer forma de extrair minério é boa porque faz a economia
crescer. Não entra nessa perspectiva a análise do custo das vidas e da
degradação ambiental decorrente de desastres como os de Brumadinho ou Mariana.
Se os órgãos ambientais tivessem exigido maiores investimentos da Vale na
segurança das barragens antes de conceder a licença, isso teria sido visto como
um “entrave ambiental”.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">VIRGÍLIO VIANA. Adaptado de brasil.elpais.com, 16/03/2019.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Nos
textos são apresentados alguns dos significados dos desastres humanos e
ambientais causados pelo rompimento de barragens de rejeitos de mineração em
Mariana e Brumadinho.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os
desastres mencionados indicam a permanência do seguinte critério na relação
entre desenvolvimento econômico e preservação ambiental: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">valorização da ocupação laboral </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">primazia da acumulação capitalista </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">racionalização da produção industrial </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">retomada da desregulamentação estatal </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">7. (UDESC 2019) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“Sementes,
insetos e flores significam riqueza e lucros estratosféricos para a indústria
farmacêutica e de cosméticos. De acordo com estimativas do IBAMA, a
biopirataria movimenta cerca de US$ 60 bilhões ao ano em todo mundo, ocupando o
terceiro lugar no rol de atividades ilegais mais lucrativas, perdendo somente
para o tráfico de armas e drogas. Só o Brasil, perde, por baixo, cerca de US$1
ao ano.”</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Luiz Antônio de Medeiros, A CPI da pirataria: os
segredos do contrabando e da falsificação no Brasil. São Paulo, Geração
editorial, 2005).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Analise as proposições sobre a biopirataria e a sua
prática no Brasil.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I.
Consiste na transferência de produtos biológicos e de conhecimentos
tradicionais e sua proteção por meio de leis de propriedade intelectual com a
finalidade de lucro sem reconhecimento aos descobridores informais.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II.
É considerada uma atividade ilegal e pouco lucrativa no cenário internacional.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III.
A megadiversidade biológica do Brasil, aliada à presença de comunidades
indígenas e quilombolas, torna o país grande alvo de ações da biopirataria.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">IV.
As ações de fiscalização de fronteiras e o fortalecimento da legislação
ambiental têm se mostrado eficazes no combate à biopirataria.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">V.
Exemplos de produtos biopirateados no Brasil incluem a andiroba, a copaíba e o
cupuaçu.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale a alternativa </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">correta</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Somente as afirmativas II, IV e V são verdadeiras.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Somente as afirmativas IV e V são verdadeiras.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Somente as afirmativas I, III e IV são verdadeiras.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Somente as afirmativas II e III são verdadeiras.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Somente as afirmativas I, III e V são verdadeiras.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>8. (CPS 2016) No Brasil, as principais áreas de extração do minério de ferro são a Serra dos Carajás e o Quadrilátero Ferrífero, que se localizam, respectivamente, nos estados</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;">a) de Goiás e do Maranhão.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">b) de São Paulo e do Amapá.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">c) de Roraima e do Tocantins.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">d) do Pará e de Minas Gerais.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">e) do Amazonas e de Sergipe.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">9. (CPS 2014) O sal faz uma grande
viagem até chegar à nossa mesa. No Brasil, as principais salinas produtoras de
sal marinho estão localizadas nos estados do Rio Grande do Norte, Rio de
Janeiro, Ceará e Piauí; ficando os estados de Alagoas e Bahia responsáveis pela
extração de sal-gema de minas.</span></b></div></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">
Acredite, essa substância que hoje temos fartamente à disposição foi um dos
bens mais desejados da história humana. Apesar de encher os oceanos, brotar de
nascentes e rechear camadas subterrâneas, o sal já foi motivo de verdadeira
obsessão e de guerras entre povos e nações.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">
Quimicamente, a definição de sal é bem simples: trata-se de uma substância
produzida pela reação de um ácido com uma base. Como há muitos ácidos e bases,
há vários tipos diferentes de substâncias que podem ser chamadas de sal.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">
O que chamamos popularmente de sal de cozinha, ou simplesmente sal, é o cloreto
de sódio, que pode ser formado a partir da reação do ácido clorídrico com a
soda cáustica (hidróxido de sódio).</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">A água do mar é a principal fonte desse sal, porém ele também pode ser
encontrado em jazidas subterrâneas, fontes e lagos salgados.</span></b></div><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: xx-small;"><div style="text-align: right;">(super.abril.com.br/ciencia/imperio-sal-443351.shtml Acesso em: 16.08.2013 e dnpm.gov.br/assets/galeriaDocumento/SumarioMineral2008/salmarinho.pdf Acesso em: 22.08.2013. Adaptados)<span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 9pt; text-indent: -1.4pt;"> </span></div></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A análise do texto permite concluir,
corretamente, que o sal <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) é denominado cloreto de sódio, quando produto da
reação entre ácido clorídrico e hidróxido de sódio. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) pode ser encontrado somente em jazidas
subterrâneas, fontes e lagos. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) tem, como principal fonte, uma reação entre um
ácido e uma base. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) vem de salinas presentes em todos os estados do
país. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) é obtido por uma reação química entre dois
ácidos. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">10. (Unesp 2011) O mapa representa a
“Amazônia Azul”, uma área de aproximadamente 4,5 milhões de km2, traçada ao
longo do litoral brasileiro. </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0icLVYZSacSyt2ULhxTJ_Hxzb3n65hNeRzpF59Lb8spMl56M2rKHcpL6BMvfAN6SuaRexz83vmCsGjHDUKr9U1tRgGmOUS-56amdDxEH6umEJhf0FcF7L4x7JS_k3AgHRqF_vQLMCzfPG8esb34iyrJw_E9jSIthUw-7__nSQ30nlyGWBYYOoqh4twDPV/s886/10.%20Amaz%C3%B4nia%20Azul.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="886" data-original-width="611" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0icLVYZSacSyt2ULhxTJ_Hxzb3n65hNeRzpF59Lb8spMl56M2rKHcpL6BMvfAN6SuaRexz83vmCsGjHDUKr9U1tRgGmOUS-56amdDxEH6umEJhf0FcF7L4x7JS_k3AgHRqF_vQLMCzfPG8esb34iyrJw_E9jSIthUw-7__nSQ30nlyGWBYYOoqh4twDPV/w442-h640/10.%20Amaz%C3%B4nia%20Azul.png" width="442" /></a></span></b></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sobre a “Amazônia Azul”, pode-se
afirmar que: </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.6pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) é uma área que o Brasil delimitou para opor-se à
salvaguarda e à exploração dos recursos naturais. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.6pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) é uma região onde a exploração pesqueira está
embargada para permitir a exploração do pré-sal. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.6pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) foi criada para que os recursos vivos na Zona
Econômica Exclusiva –ZEE sejam exclusivamente pescados por navios fábricas. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.6pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) essa demarcação objetivou delimitar áreas de
pequeno interesse comercial e assegurar os impostos para todos os estados da
União.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.6pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -15.6pt;">e) nessa área, o Brasil pretende exercer seus
direitos de soberania ou jurisdição para melhor salvaguardar e explorar os
recursos naturais nela existentes. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">11. (UFSM 2015) Observe a figura:</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtRSChQ1hwKHE9xyDXzk4T5PQ7kANrNXi43nzfrUyyHhA9LCjg-vk2gTXJBusGjKKjwRfYXieB1g8HklQ2YZEnnBDJ-uWiuw1xqlRsRTxhRQP6CKBTXib4AJYEheloC7AX7cc9fAsM_6_RTJ8ltAghMhNGJ18k6uhxU7khf-0M-6Bix2wrA5qKXWh0OFhr/s829/11.%20Consumo%20de%20Sal.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="829" data-original-width="728" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtRSChQ1hwKHE9xyDXzk4T5PQ7kANrNXi43nzfrUyyHhA9LCjg-vk2gTXJBusGjKKjwRfYXieB1g8HklQ2YZEnnBDJ-uWiuw1xqlRsRTxhRQP6CKBTXib4AJYEheloC7AX7cc9fAsM_6_RTJ8ltAghMhNGJ18k6uhxU7khf-0M-6Bix2wrA5qKXWh0OFhr/w562-h640/11.%20Consumo%20de%20Sal.png" width="562" /></a></span></b></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Marque a resposta correta.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) As regiões Norte e Nordeste registraram os menores
volumes de consumo de sal do país. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) A participação da indústria da alimentação no
consumo de sódio foi maior no Sudeste, onde se localiza a maioria das
indústrias desse setor. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) A ingestão de sódio é mais alta nas regiões mais
ricas do país, devido ao poder aquisitivo da população dessas regiões.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) A responsabilidade da indústria no consumo de
sal é heterogênea entre todas as regiões brasileiras. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) O sal é um alimento importante para a saúde, mas
de difícil acesso à dieta alimentar dos brasileiros. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">12. (PUCRS 2012) A antiguidade
geológica do território brasileiro, associada aos diferentes tipos de rochas e
terrenos que se formaram ao longo de mais de dois bilhões de anos, possibilita
ao país uma atividade econômica importante na exploração de produtos
minerais. </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Atualmente, a exploração de
________________ ocorre _____________, e a de ______________ ocorre
_____________. </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;"><br />a) carvão mineral – no Amazonas; manganês – no Piauí. <br />b) bauxita – na Bahia; potássio – em Sergipe. <br />c) ferro – no Pará; bauxita – no Maranhão. <br />d) ferro – no Maranhão; bauxita – em Tocantins. <br />e) potássio – em Sergipe; níquel – no Ceará. </span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span><b style="text-indent: -1.4pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">13. (Fuvest 2012) Observe as
charges </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="text-indent: -1.4pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ76LTKER9WnYOHg_ZhDwsU8jrcyv8hJkInDaifweUesJmnSsWVm8PbCp74ckPuvB-l8BJAwYVWxQvXRDUn4ko6m39kruM2M5DQqjnGOvZHVe_cBOB4rrY2JtXpaCnwOiZKbc6cbj9eGIFq0T2XGA6t7YOIVymje6JENvbpAc1xIQqqVzGHgnWjTmVt9sE/s858/13.%20Enfil%20e%20D%C3%A1lcio.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="328" data-original-width="858" height="244" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ76LTKER9WnYOHg_ZhDwsU8jrcyv8hJkInDaifweUesJmnSsWVm8PbCp74ckPuvB-l8BJAwYVWxQvXRDUn4ko6m39kruM2M5DQqjnGOvZHVe_cBOB4rrY2JtXpaCnwOiZKbc6cbj9eGIFq0T2XGA6t7YOIVymje6JENvbpAc1xIQqqVzGHgnWjTmVt9sE/w640-h244/13.%20Enfil%20e%20D%C3%A1lcio.png" width="640" /></a></span></b></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b><b style="text-indent: -1.4pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">As charges, respectivamente, dos
cartunistas Henfil (1982) e Dalcio (2011) estão separadas por quase trinta anos
de história, mas unidas na crítica </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) ao preço, no mercado internacional, da madeira
extraída das florestas brasileiras. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) à presença de capital estrangeiro na exploração
de madeiras de florestas no país. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) à exportação ilegal, via países vizinhos, de
madeira extraída das florestas brasileiras. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) ao desmatamento extensivo e indiscriminado das
florestas brasileiras. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) ao uso recorrente de queimadas na eliminação de
florestas no país. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">14. (CFTMG 2012) “As atividades
extrativistas que ocupam a maioria da população da região de mata da ilha de
Marajó apresentam como fundamental característica a sazonalidade, isto é,
dependem da estação do ano em que se tornam economicamente viáveis, seja pelo período
de amadurecimento dos frutos da(o) ___________, seja pelas condições climáticas
que permitem o acesso mais fácil às zonas de extração da____________ ou que
propiciam a produção da(o) ____________”.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">BRASIL, Marília
Carvalho. As estratégias de sobrevivência da população ribeirinha da Ilha do
Marajó. In: TORRES, Haroldo. et al (Org.). População e meio ambiente: debates e
desafios. São Paulo: Senac, 2000. p. 113. (Adaptado) </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Relacionando as condições
socioambientais e as atividades econômicas desenvolvidas na região amazônica, a
sequência correta que completa as lacunas é </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;">a) açaí, madeira, seringa. <br />b) mamona, soja, algodão. <br />c) cacau, canaúba, mineral. <br />d) babaçu, cana de açúcar, palmito. </span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">15. (UFG 2012) Os elementos terras
raras (ETR) são utilizados na produção do que há de mais moderno na fabricação
de produtos tecnologicamente sofisticados, como computadores, celulares,
tablets, painéis solares, telas de led etc. Eles são 17 elementos químicos muito
parecidos, agrupados em uma mesma família na tabela periódica. O Brasil possui
grandes reservas desses elementos, apesar de pouco exploradas. O estado de
Goiás pode tornar-se um dos estados mais beneficiados pela exploração desses
minérios no Brasil, tendo em vista o fato de possuir também uma das maiores
reservas de fosfato, que apresenta em seus rejeitos minérios terras raras. Um
desses elementos considerados como terras raras e o município goiano, onde
ocorre essa extração de fosfato, são, respectivamente: </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;">a) fósforo – Catalão. <br />b) lantânio – Barro Alto. <br />c) antimônio – Americano do Brasil. <br />d) lantânio – Catalão. <br />e) tecnécio – Americano do Brasil. </span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="text-indent: -1.4pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">16. (UFTM 2011) Uma das maiores
transnacionais brasileiras e uma das maiores mineradoras do mundo, o grupo
empresarial da Vale é composto por, pelo menos, 27 empresas coligadas,
controladas ou joint ventures, distribuídas em mais de 30 países, como Brasil,
Angola, Austrália, Canadá, Chile, Colômbia, Equador, Indonésia, Moçambique,
Nova Caledônia e Peru, onde desenvolve atividades de prospecção e pesquisa
mineral, mineração, operações industriais e logística. </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="text-indent: -1.4pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFO_5sPmqyRPBa_HVIYVoG5ylG06gE4jtNEwDAv0sSKJaWEPhB2-p1PS6ejoMvj3aaNLYvdvOhRuYynPNT4MlPAhJtNPcjaiD3Wn0BGDHQ2wE2g60PEAnIKNLH-wRmzLITyDOhrA-5Hlj88huLhbQW0LioyjnsdauquWUxn64zU__Q2iRyaZt93_Vi6SCP/s514/A%20Vale%20no%20Mundo.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="367" data-original-width="514" height="456" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFO_5sPmqyRPBa_HVIYVoG5ylG06gE4jtNEwDAv0sSKJaWEPhB2-p1PS6ejoMvj3aaNLYvdvOhRuYynPNT4MlPAhJtNPcjaiD3Wn0BGDHQ2wE2g60PEAnIKNLH-wRmzLITyDOhrA-5Hlj88huLhbQW0LioyjnsdauquWUxn64zU__Q2iRyaZt93_Vi6SCP/w640-h456/A%20Vale%20no%20Mundo.png" width="640" /></a></span></b></div><b style="text-indent: -1.4pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 6pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span><b style="text-indent: -1.4pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">A partir da observação do mapa, da
leitura do texto e de seus conhecimentos geográficos, pode-se afirmar
que: </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) a Vale atua em todos os continentes, com exceção
da Antártida. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) a Vale é uma empresa de capital exclusivamente
brasileiro. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) por sua origem brasileira, a Vale evita atuações
que superexplorem a mão de obra. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) o continente com o maior número de
empreendimentos da empresa é a Oceania. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) a base principal das operações da Vale é o
enriquecimento de urânio, em parceria com o Irã. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><b style="text-indent: -1.4pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">17. (Fuvest 2011) Conforme proposta do
geógrafo Aziz Ab’Saber, existem, no Brasil, seis domínios
morfoclimáticos. </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale a alternativa correta sobre o
Domínio Morfoclimático das Araucárias. </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) A urbanização e a exploração madeireira pelas
indústrias da construção civil e do setor moveleiro tiveram papel central na
redução de sua vegetação original. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) O manejo sustentável permitiu a expansão de parreirais
em associação com a mata de araucária remanescente, na faixa litorânea. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) As araucárias recobriam as planícies da Campanha
Gaúcha no sul do país, tendo sido dizimadas para dar lugar à avicultura e à
ovinocultura. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) A prática da silvicultura possibilitou a
expansão desse domínio morfoclimático para a porção oeste do Planalto Ocidental
Paulista. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) A expansão do processo de arenização no sul do
país provocou a devastação da cobertura original de araucária. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">18. (Unesp 2013) Leia o texto e analise
os mapas. </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As terras-raras formam um grupo de 17
elementos químicos, com propriedades muito semelhantes entre si, em termos de
maleabilidade e resistência, que permitem aplicações diversas. Indispensáveis à
indústria de alta tecnologia, elas estão no centro de uma disputa global. As
maiores reservas em potencial estão situadas no Brasil. A extração e
principalmente o refino das terras-raras são, porém, altamente poluentes; por
esta razão, cientistas estudam novos meios de exploração e novas aplicações que
poluam menos.</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPPW4G0nnXH3Urkw1Wu0OOkiM5iipQF-6JVV-ILw6_8MI2CvK52l8qi15stR-om4E18v7QI0Hq-8vJD9txe-YvVjzVESU0Ck2FCOtKcdfBimE9jT6ZfriaOG5Za_4WucCSTOtS9SKjQOQ3xJ9L4hdlcwZRENSyZnsIriIaem_gR6drEBuqEQXcol6mo1X2/s736/Reservas%20brasileiras.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="384" data-original-width="736" height="334" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPPW4G0nnXH3Urkw1Wu0OOkiM5iipQF-6JVV-ILw6_8MI2CvK52l8qi15stR-om4E18v7QI0Hq-8vJD9txe-YvVjzVESU0Ck2FCOtKcdfBimE9jT6ZfriaOG5Za_4WucCSTOtS9SKjQOQ3xJ9L4hdlcwZRENSyZnsIriIaem_gR6drEBuqEQXcol6mo1X2/w640-h334/Reservas%20brasileiras.png" width="640" /></a></span></b></div><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span></b><b style="text-indent: -1.4pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">De acordo com a leitura do texto e a
observação dos mapas, é correto afirmar que as duas maiores concentrações de
reservas de terras-raras estão localizadas nas regiões de integração e
desenvolvimento do</span></b></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;">a) Oeste e Araguaia-Tocantins. <br />b) Sudoeste e Sul. <br />c) Arco Norte e Madeira-Amazonas. <br />d) São Francisco e Transnordestino. <br />e) Sudeste e Transnordestino. <br /></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">19. A história geológica, o grande
território, a extensa costa marinha e o clima tropical viabilizaram a presença
e a concentração de diversas substâncias minerais na atmosfera, hidrosfera,
biosfera, crosta continental e oceânica do Brasil. </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No entanto, mesmo que as
características físicas do território sejam importantes, o fator determinante
para se conseguir aproveitar os bens minerais é o investimento em pesquisa e
inovação tecnológica. </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Cláudio Scliar.
Mineração, base material da aventura humana. Belo Horizonte: Geoartelivros,
2004, p. 67 (com adaptações). <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><b style="text-indent: -1.4pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">São necessárias ações específicas para
que, da atividade mineradora, resultem ganhos sociais para o Brasil. Para
alcançar tal resultado, a ação mais importante a ser adotada é</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) fomentar a dinamização entre a utilização de
recursos minerais e a ampliação do consumo. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) desenvolver a articulação entre o uso do
território, a educação e a cidadania. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) articular as políticas públicas com as modernas
formas de gestão. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 13.5pt; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 13.5pt 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.6pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) estabelecer ambiente propício à economia
mundializada.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">20. (UERJ 2013) O assassinato do líder
seringueiro Chico Mendes, em 1988, deu expressão internacional à pequena cidade
de Xapuri, no Acre, e voltou o olhar do mundo para milhares de cidadãos que
fazem da extração do látex seu sustento e do Vale Amazônico sua morada. O que
poucos sabem é que esse foi apenas mais um capítulo da saga da borracha.
Durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, um exército de retirantes foi mobilizado com
pulso firme, propaganda forte e promessas delirantes para deslocar-se rumo à
Amazônia e cumprir uma agenda do Estado Novo. Ao fim do conflito, em 1945, os
migrantes que sobreviveram às durezas da selva foram esquecidos no Eldorado.
Passadas décadas, os soldados da borracha hoje lutam para receber pensão
equivalente à dos ex-pracinhas. </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Adaptado de revistaepoca.globo.com,
18/04/2011. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.4pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A extração de recursos naturais da
Floresta Amazônica, como o látex, ainda hoje se insere em um contexto de
problemas sociais, relacionados principalmente ao seguinte fator: </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;">a) escassez de mão de obra qualificada <br />b) precariedade das condições de trabalho <br />c) insuficiência dos sistemas de transporte <br />d) insalubridade da infraestrutura habitacional </span><br /><p></p><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.portaldovestibulando.com/2023/07/extrativismo-mineral-e-vegetal-lista-de_4.html" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="55" data-original-width="266" height="55" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEik2e56lO_xlsUZhLoJGRAHVkMbUHYTs85NNkb4fwCpEZkfE3d6PJUapE23krrHuvPMizsayAG-S_Yvp6JB3srWg1XLbh0quXhGWG0wWmCZTqTWX2MML2KagTCZbldjUn29yrwm0l_R3OLuEMiNBxGnZf-p4GA5xSkueiM0m2xxPyeA7Pt9ZkJGWchAQxTI/s1600/Gabarito.png" width="266" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/file/8pubo0th4scyua7/Geografia+-+Extrativismo+Mineral+e+Vegetal.pdf/file" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLJPi6lEzL67Il0y0sxu9LA3w2Z5bGjud_ER27BGjo5W2PaxiQkMoanPDUuK1dsvpMGz_LSfOwYmyewfsutOUzt6v8y8cWwMhz6zOmeUYkhYo21RAZvE5EUwJ52p_B9XV5DiLd4aizjlXrHuGn2f4Gp3ZxBqHx7CTam6ILuaa_hXgk95tpSn8keK_UpVQS/s1600/Lista%20de%20exerc%C3%ADcios.png" width="275" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><br /></span></div>Portal do Vestibulandohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03466686065222700679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5538522159417475835.post-37205974914080828142023-07-04T06:28:00.003-04:002023-07-04T06:28:32.889-04:00Brasil Pré-colonial - Lista de Exercícios - Questões de Vestibulares e Concursos<p> </p><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>1. (Esa 2023) Após as primeiras expedições, os enviados da Coroa portuguesa perceberam que não seria possível obter aqui [no Brasil] lucros fáceis e imediatos.</b></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">(COTRIM, Gilberto. História Global – Brasil e Geral. p. 217)</span></div></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Qual
foi o principal motivo que levou os colonizadores portugueses a entenderem que
a exploração da colônia na América do Sul não seria fácil?</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A incapacidade de utilizar a mão de obra indígena na nascente produção
agrícola do café. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O alto custo do cativo africano que dificultava a utilização do trabalho
escravo em larga escala no plantio da cana-de-açúcar. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A ação econômica e militar de nações europeias que não reconheciam o
Tratado de Tordesilhas assinado entre Portugal e Espanha. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os portugueses não encontraram jazidas de ouro como ocorrera em outras
regiões da América do Sul, especialmente em áreas exploradas pelos espanhóis. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A escassa população portuguesa que inviabilizava uma imigração em número
suficiente para colonizar o Brasil. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">2.
(Uefs 2018) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Leia o excerto para responder à questão a seguir.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
“coração” econômico da época, Veneza, tem cada vez mais dificuldades em
assegurar a competitividade de seus produtos. Em 1504, os navios venezianos já
quase não encontram pimenta em Alexandria. As especiarias desta proveniência se
revelam muito mais caras do que as que são encaminhadas da Índia portuguesa: a
pimenta embarcada pelos portugueses em Calicute é quarenta vezes menos onerosa
do que a que transita por Alexandria.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Jacques Attali. <i>1492</i>, 1991.
Adaptado.)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
início da colonização efetiva do Brasil por Portugal, historicamente
condicionado pelos fatos referidos pelo excerto, </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">teve início assim que os navegadores chegaram às novas terras. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">projetou a hegemonia portuguesa no comércio atlântico. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">enriqueceu a Metrópole com a descoberta de metais preciosos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">atardou-se devido aos lucros auferidos com o comércio oriental. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">foi financiado pelos lucros gerados pelo comércio de especiarias. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">3.
(Pucpr 2017) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Leia o texto a seguir.</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhx3VDgFyRIIOPVDswREmvvQSlWjh1I5p1brSLmf8zRSkSSA0_Tq2uO8W7H4TbOq6BEaCusZ3WWjnbln4OG4o8jf-xqbNc6_PEiW0zC8kqQLu4ryP0Gr4Xdhxpmdr-lZj_S1PACNUvv8ObTLf0ZmUrjWY38q3YdN3Zc4TaMKWZS-anlUrDTtxxUTUZxkPYU/s800/3.%20Victor%20Meirelles%20-%20A%20Primeira%20Missa%20no%20Brasil.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="651" data-original-width="800" height="520" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhx3VDgFyRIIOPVDswREmvvQSlWjh1I5p1brSLmf8zRSkSSA0_Tq2uO8W7H4TbOq6BEaCusZ3WWjnbln4OG4o8jf-xqbNc6_PEiW0zC8kqQLu4ryP0Gr4Xdhxpmdr-lZj_S1PACNUvv8ObTLf0ZmUrjWY38q3YdN3Zc4TaMKWZS-anlUrDTtxxUTUZxkPYU/w640-h520/3.%20Victor%20Meirelles%20-%20A%20Primeira%20Missa%20no%20Brasil.jpg" width="640" /></a></b></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
primeira missa no Brasil é um momento emblemático do início da colonização
portuguesa na América, celebrada poucos dias após a chegada e desembarque dos
portugueses na costa brasileira, imortalizada pela narrativa na Carta de Pero
Vaz de Caminha e no óleo sobre tela de Victor Meirelles. A ocupação de fato
demorou um pouco mais a acontecer, dentre as razões para seu início, temos <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o aumento do comércio de especiarias com o Oriente, levando à maior
necessidade de mercados consumidores. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a descoberta de metais preciosos na colônia portuguesa, acelerando o
interesse da metrópole na exploração de sua colônia. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a probabilidade da tomada das terras por corsários ingleses que vinham
atrás do contrabando de escravos indígenas para outras colônias. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a necessidade de tomar posse e defender suas terras para evitar a vinda
de exploradores sem o conhecimento da coroa portuguesa. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a construção das feitorias para armazenar pau-brasil e carregar navios,
promovendo a migração de um grande contingente de portugueses para povoar e
cuidar das novas vilas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">4.
(Puccamp 2017) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A chegada dos colonizadores portugueses ao Brasil
foi narrada na carta de Pero Vaz de Caminha, à qual se seguiram as seguintes
expressões culturais nos primeiros momentos de nossa história: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Formação de academias literárias e propagação de um ideário
nacionalista. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Maturação de um autêntico sistema literário e formação de grêmios
republicanos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Correspondência de viajantes e documentação das riquezas naturais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Abertura dos portos às nações amigas e consolidação da imprensa. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Catequese promovida pelos jesuítas e consolidação dos ideais
emancipacionistas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">5.
(Pucrs 2016) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sobre o período pré-colonial na História do Brasil,
é correto afirmar que <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">foi estabelecida a escravidão indígena como forma de exploração do
trabalho, devido à ausência de uma atividade econômica que financiasse o
tráfico de escravos africanos para o Brasil. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a economia baseou-se na exploração de produtos naturais da terra, que
não exigiam o estabelecimento da agricultura para serem extraídos, como o
pau-brasil, o cacau e o látex. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">promoveu-se a doação de porções da terra recém-descoberta para a
aristocracia portuguesa, cujos membros ocupavam os principais cargos na
administração pública reinol. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">havia desinteresse na colonização imediata do território, tendo em vista
que os principais recursos humanos e materiais portugueses estavam voltados
para a exploração do rendoso comércio com as Índias. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">foram enviadas ao litoral brasileiro as chamadas “expedições
guarda-costas”, que visavam vigiar a nova descoberta portuguesa diante da
possível invasão holandesa na região. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoHeader" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 35.4pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">6. (Udesc 2015) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Leia com atenção o fragmento retirado da Carta de Pero Vaz de Caminha.</span></b></p><p class="MsoHeader" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 35.4pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><i><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">“E quando veio ao Evangelho, que nos
erguemos todos em pé, com as mãos levantadas, eles [os índios] se levantaram
conosco e alçaram as mãos, ficando assim, até ser acabado; e então tornaram-se
a assentar como nós. E quando levantaram a Deus, que nos pusemos de joelhos,
eles se puseram assim todos, como nós estávamos com as mãos levantadas, e em
tal maneira sossegados, que, certifico a Vossa Alteza, nos fez muita devoção.” </span></i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Pero Vaz de Caminha. In: OLIVIERI, A. C. e VILLA, M. A. <i>Crônicas do
descobrimento</i>. São Paulo: Ática, 1999, p. 23.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Em relação à Carta de Caminha para o Rei de Portugal, pode-se dizer que
é: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Uma narrativa que projeta sobre as populações
nativas uma visão de mundo cristão, como se o Brasil fosse uma espécie de
paraíso edênico. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Um relato imparcial sobre as populações indígenas,
porque o autor narra exatamente o que viu e viveu no Brasil. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Uma narrativa capaz de identificar a verdadeira
essência das populações indígenas brasileiras que já conheciam o cristianismo,
e traziam no seu íntimo um conhecimento prévio dos ensinamentos pregados por
Cristo a seus discípulos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Um relato que expressa total ignorância e
despreparo do cronista sobre o caráter dissimulado e estratégico das populações
indígenas, que desejavam tão somente ganhar a confiança dos viajantes europeus
para obter lucros e fazer alianças políticas para derrotar seus inimigos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Um relato sem valor histórico, pois está marcado
por uma perspectiva eurocêntrica e preconceituosa sobre os habitantes nativos
do Brasil. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">7.
(Ifba 2014) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“A conquista do Brasil pressupunha também o domínio
ideológico dos povos das regiões colonizadas pela Coroa lusitana. Havia que
provar pelo convencimento e pela força – a superioridade do modo oficial
português de ser. Era necessário convencer as populações nativas e os
recém-chegados da inferioridade e do 'bestialismo' dos hábitos americanos. A
opção de europeus pela cultura material e social tupinambá causava tensões
insustentáveis na férrea camisa-de-força vivencial em que as elites civis e
religiosas ibéricas enquadravam as classes subalternas – metropolitanas e
coloniais.”</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">MAESTRI, Mário. Os senhores do litoral. Conquista portuguesa e agonia
tupinambá no litoral brasileiro. (século 16). POA: Editora da Universidade/UFRGS,
1994. p. 61.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
texto acima e seus conhecimentos sobre as relações de dominação entre europeus
e as populações indígenas na América Portuguesa permitem afirmar que <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">os missionários analisavam o sistema cultural indígena, seus costumes,
seu cotidiano, etc., segundo a moralidade cristã. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a adaptação dos europeus aos Trópicos e a assimilação de certos costumes
indígenas foi estimulada pela Coroa e pela Igreja Católica. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">os colonizadores, os missionários e os agentes portugueses compreendiam
os costumes indígenas de forma idealizada, tolerante e idílica. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">os primeiros anos de colonização do território brasileiro foram marcados
pela miscigenação e tolerância acerca do sistema cultural tupinambá. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">embora na colônia os europeus tenham adotado práticas de intolerância,
na metrópole possuíam postura com maior respeito à diversidade cultural e
religiosa. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">8.
(Upe-ssa 1 2017) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Na bacia do Rio São Francisco, nas paleolagoas
conhecidas hoje como tanques, foram achados ossos de animais extintos da fauna
pleistocênica, que conviveram com o homem em diversas áreas da região, como
Salgueiro e Alagoinha, em Pernambuco. Pesquisas mais recentes assinalaram,
também, a presença de megafauna, como o mastodonte e a preguiça-gigante, como é
o caso da Lagoa Uri de Cima em Salgueiro. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">MARTIN, Gabriela; PESSIS,
Anne-Marie. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Breve Panorama da Pré-História do Vale do São
Francisco no Nordeste do Brasil. <i>Revista
FUMDHAMentos</i>, Volume 1 – Número 10 – Ano 2013, p. 14, adaptado.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
trecho acima propõe uma leitura da História do Brasil, que se caracteriza pela <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">presença essencial dos europeus no continente americano. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">inexistência de exemplares da megafauna em território brasileiro. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">carência de estudos paleoantropológicos e sítios arqueológicos no
Nordeste. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">antiguidade da presença humana no país, anterior à chegada dos
portugueses. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">existência de répteis de porte avantajado, popularmente conhecidos como
dinossauros. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoHeader" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 35.4pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">9. (Ifsul 2016) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">De
1500 a 1530, os portugueses não desenvolveram um grande projeto de colonização
para a sua colônia na América (Brasil). Nesse período, ocorreram as expedições
de reconhecimentos e as expedições guarda-costas.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><b>A economia, nesse período, <br /></b>a) deteve-se ao cultivo de café na região do Vale do rio Paraíba. <br />b) limitou-se ao cultivo de cana-de-açúcar no Nordeste com o trabalho escravo. <br />c) dedicou-se à extração de metais preciosos, sobretudo prata, nas Gerais. <br />d) baseou-se na extração do pau-brasil através do escambo com os nativos.</span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">10.
(Espcex (Aman) 2015) “Os primeiros trinta anos da História do Brasil são
conhecidos como período Pré-Colonial. Nesse período, a coroa portuguesa iniciou
a dominação das terras brasileiras, sem, no entanto, traçar um plano de
ocupação efetiva. […] A atenção da burguesia metropolitana e do governo
português estavam voltados para o comércio com o Oriente, que desde a viagem de
Vasco da Gama, no final do século XV, havia sido monopolizado pelo Estado
português. […] O desinteresse português em relação ao Brasil estava em
conformidade com os interesses mercantilistas da época, como observou o
navegante Américo Vespúcio, após a exploração do litoral brasileiro, pode-se
dizer que não encontramos nada de proveito”.</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 8pt;">Berutti,
2004.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Sobre
o período retratado no texto, pode-se afirmar que o(a) </span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) desinteresse português pelo Brasil
nos primeiros anos de colonização, deu-se em decorrência dos tratados
comerciais assinados com a Espanha, que tinha prioridade pela exploração de
terras situadas a oeste de Greenwich. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) maior distância marítima era a maior
desvantagem brasileira em relação ao comércio com as Índias. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) desinteresse português pode ser
melhor explicado pela resistência oferecida pelos indígenas que dificultavam o
desembarque e o reconhecimento das novas terras. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) abertura de um novo mercado na
América do Sul, ampliava as possibilidades de lucro da burguesia metropolitana
portuguesa. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">e) relativo descaso português pelo
Brasil, nos primeiros trinta anos de História, explica-se pela aparente
inexistência de artigos (ou produtos) que atendiam aos interesses daqueles que
patrocinavam as expedições. </span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria;">11. (Pucsp 2014) "Descoberto o Novo Mundo e instaurado o processo de colonização, começou a se desenrolar o embate entre o Bem e o Mal."</span></b></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: x-small;">Laura de Mello e Souza. Inferno Atlântico. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 1993, p. 22-23.</span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Na percepção de muitos colonizadores portugueses do Brasil, uma das armas mais importantes utilizadas nesse “embate entre o Bem e o Mal” era a</b></div>a) retomada de padrões religiosos da Antiguidade. <br />b) defesa do princípio do livre arbítrio. <br />c) aceitação da diversidade de crenças. <br />d) busca da racionalidade e do espírito científico. <br />e) catequização das populações nativas.</span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">12.
(IFSP 2013) Publicado em Veneza, em 1556, o mapa abaixo é um dos primeiros a
mostrar o Brasil individualmente. Raro, ele faz parte de uma obra italiana,
Atlas dele navigazione e Viaggi (Atlas de navegação e Viagens), de Giovanni
Battista Ramusio.</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEpoTBcQIJtHgcXBSewUHYL8n-UxxjJsqDFuCxSt_L7oblcpckSYXlw0iUp8RQWThUZEor5grm2HLDwd2dkS4UBrJiwvehSWMAhxVUcdgaadnx__iwKxmQzOZXIESA3rqCJAxLcejjXSC69an4qe6XDgdWgf-QNB2dFM4Q3cAknD7Ax-8LOMnWdkl_TWzs/s810/12.%20Giovanni%20Battista%20Ramusio.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="611" data-original-width="810" height="482" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEpoTBcQIJtHgcXBSewUHYL8n-UxxjJsqDFuCxSt_L7oblcpckSYXlw0iUp8RQWThUZEor5grm2HLDwd2dkS4UBrJiwvehSWMAhxVUcdgaadnx__iwKxmQzOZXIESA3rqCJAxLcejjXSC69an4qe6XDgdWgf-QNB2dFM4Q3cAknD7Ax-8LOMnWdkl_TWzs/w640-h482/12.%20Giovanni%20Battista%20Ramusio.png" width="640" /></a></b></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Trata-se
de uma pintura da época sobre o Brasil, a qual revela pouca preocupação
geográfica, mas que nos mostra: </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) uma terra de riquezas: a exuberância
das matas, a fartura de peixes nos mares e a existência de povoadores fortes,
sadios e trabalhadores. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) indígenas extraindo troncos de
pau-brasil que, depois, eram empilhados nas feitorias. Chegando os portugueses,
os nativos eram recompensados através de um escambo com produtos
europeus. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) o início da colonização do Brasil:
os indígenas estão derrubando as árvores para formar os campos onde seria feito
o plantio da cana-de-açúcar e a construção dos engenhos. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) o medo dos nativos brasileiros com a
chegada das naus portuguesas: eles estão abatendo árvores para construção de
fortificações e defesa da ameaça europeia. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">e) homens nus, selvagens, que conviviam
pacificamente com animais de grande porte, o que causava grande espanto e medo
aos colonizadores. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">13.
(Unesp 2013) <i>[Os tupinambás] têm muita graça quando falam [...]; mas
faltam-lhe três letras das do ABC, que são F, L, R grande ou dobrado, coisa
muito para se notar; porque, se não têm F, é porque não têm fé em nenhuma coisa
que adoram; nem os nascidos entre os cristãos e doutrinados pelos padres da
Companhia têm fé em Deus Nosso Senhor, nem têm verdade, nem lealdade a nenhuma
pessoa que lhes faça bem. E se não têm L na sua pronunciação, é porque não têm
lei alguma que guardar, nem preceitos para se governarem; e cada um faz lei a
seu modo, e ao som da sua vontade; sem haver entre eles leis com que se
governem, nem têm leis uns com os outros. E se não têm esta letra R na sua
pronunciação, é porque não têm rei que os reja, e a quem obedeçam, nem obedecem
a ninguém, nem ao pai o filho, nem o filho ao pai, e cada um vive ao som da sua
vontade [...].<o:p></o:p></i></span></b></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 8pt;">(Gabriel
Soares de Souza. Tratado descritivo do Brasil em 1587, 1987.)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">O
texto destaca três elementos que o autor considera inexistentes entre os
tupinambás, no final do século XVI. Esses três elementos podem ser associados,
respectivamente,</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) à diversidade religiosa, ao poder
judiciário e às relações familiares. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) à fé religiosa, à ordenação jurídica
e à hierarquia política. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) ao catolicismo, ao sistema de
governo e ao respeito pelos diferentes. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) à estrutura política, à anarquia
social e ao desrespeito familiar. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">e) ao respeito por Deus, à obediência
aos pais e à aceitação dos estrangeiros. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">14.
(Enem 2ª aplicação 2010) Dali avistamos homens que andavam pela praia, obra de
sete ou oito. Eram pardos, todos nus. Nas mãos traziam arcos com suas setas.
Não fazem o menor caso de encobrir ou de mostrar suas vergonhas; e nisso têm
tanta inocência como em mostrar o rosto. Ambos traziam os beiços de baixo
furados e metidos neles seus ossos brancos e verdadeiros. Os cabelos seus são
corredios. </span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 8pt;">CAMINHA,
P. V. Carta. RIBEIRO, D. et al. Viagem pela história do Brasil: documentos. São
Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 1997 (adaptado).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">O
texto é parte da famosa Carta de Pero Vaz de Caminha, documento fundamental
para a formação da identidade brasileira. Tratando da relação que, desde esse
primeiro contato, se estabeleceu entre portugueses e indígenas, esse trecho da
carta revela a </span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) preocupação em garantir a
integridade do colonizador diante da resistência dos índios à ocupação da
terra. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) postura etnocêntrica do europeu
diante das características físicas e práticas culturais do indígena. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) orientação da política da Coroa
Portuguesa quanto à utilização dos nativos como mão de obra para colonizar a
nova terra. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) oposição de interesses entre
portugueses e índios, que dificultava o trabalho catequético e exigia amplos
recursos para a defesa recursos para a defesa da posse da nova terra. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">e) abundância da terra descoberta, o
que possibilitou a sua incorporação aos interesses mercantis portugueses, por
meio da exploração econômica dos índios. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">15.
(Ufpa 2008) Considere o texto a seguir: </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">"Em
toda a semana [os homens] se ocupam em fazer roças para seus mantimentos (que
antes não faziam senão as mulheres)". <o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 8pt;">("Cartas
dos primeiros jesuítas do Brasil (1538-1553)". Editadas por Serafim Leite.
São Paulo: Comissão do IV Centenário, 1954, v. I, p. 179). </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Neste
texto descreve-se uma mudança na divisão social do trabalho indígena (trabalho
masculino e feminino), que ocorreu no Brasil colonial com a chegada dos padres
jesuítas. Contudo, antes desta mudança, cabia aos homens e às mulheres
tupinambás: </span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) os homens derrubavam a floresta,
caçavam e pescavam, e as mulheres trabalhavam no plantio. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) os homens trabalhavam no plantio,
caçavam, pescavam, e as mulheres derrubavam a floresta. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) os homens trabalhavam na obtenção de
alimentos, e as mulheres na criação dos filhos. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) os homens derrubavam a floresta, e
as mulheres obtinham os alimentos. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">e) os homens trabalhavam na obtenção de
alimentos, e as mulheres na organização das cerimônias religiosas. </span></p><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><br /><b>16. (Pucsp 2008) Leia as duas estrofes a seguir: <br /></b><br />"Pindorama, Pindorama <br />É o Brasil antes de Cabral <br />Pindorama, Pindorama <br />É tão longe de Portugal <br />Fica além, muito além <br />Do encontro do mar com o céu <br /><br />Fica além, muito além <br />Dos domínios de Dom Manuel. <br />Vera Cruz, Vera Cruz <br />Quem achou foi Portugal <br />Vera Cruz, Vera Cruz <br />Atrás do Monte Pascoal <br />Bem ali Cabral viu <br />Dia vinte e dois de abril <br />Não só viu, descobriu <br />Toda terra do Brasil." </span><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 8pt;">Pindorama,
de Sandra Peres e Luiz Tatit, in "Palavra Cantada", Canções Curiosas,
1998. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Entre
as várias referências da letra da canção à chegada dos portugueses à América,
pode-se mencionar </span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) a preocupação com os perigos da
viagem, a distância excessiva e a datação exata do momento da descoberta. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) o caráter documental do texto, que
reproduz o tom, a intenção informativa e a estrutura dos relatos de
viajantes. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) a dúvida quanto à expressão mais
adequada para designar a chegada dos portugueses, daí a variação de
verbos. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) o pequeno conhecimento das novas terras
pelos conquistadores, indicando sua crença de terem chegado às Índias. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">e) a diferença entre os termos que
nomeavam as terras, sugerindo uma diferença entre a visão do índio e a do
português. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">17.
(Enem 2011) Em geral, os nossos tupinambás ficaram admirados ao ver os
franceses e os outros dos países longínquos terem tanto trabalho para buscar o
seu arabotã, isto é, pau-brasil. Houve uma vez um ancião da tribo que me fez
esta pergunta: “Por que vindes vós outros, mairs e pêros (franceses e
portugueses), buscar lenha de tão longe para vos aquecer? Não tendes madeira em
vossa terra?” </span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 8pt;">LÉRY,
J. Viagem à Terra do Brasil. In: FERNANDES, F. Mudanças Sociais no Brasil. São
Paulo: Difel, 1974. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">O
viajante francês Jean de Léry (1534-1611) reproduz um diálogo travado, em 1557,
com um ancião tupinambá, o qual demonstra uma diferença entre a sociedade
europeia e a indígena no sentido </span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) do destino dado ao produto do
trabalho nos seus sistemas culturais. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) da preocupação com a preservação dos
recursos ambientais. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) do interesse de ambas em uma
exploração comercial mais lucrativa do pau-brasil. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) da curiosidade, reverência e
abertura cultural recíprocas. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">e) da preocupação com o armazenamento
de madeira para os períodos de inverno. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">18.
(Unicamp 2011) Em carta ao rei D. Manuel, Pero Vaz de Caminha narrou os
primeiros contatos entre os indígenas e os portugueses no Brasil: “Quando eles
vieram, o capitão estava com um colar de ouro muito grande ao pescoço. Um deles
fitou o colar do Capitão, e começou a fazer acenos com a mão em direção à
terra, e depois para o colar, como se quisesse dizer-nos que havia ouro na
terra. Outro viu umas contas de rosário, brancas, e acenava para a terra e
novamente para as contas e para o colar do Capitão, como se dissesse que dariam
ouro por aquilo. Isto nós tomávamos nesse sentido, por assim o desejarmos! Mas
se ele queria dizer que levaria as contas e o colar, isto nós não queríamos
entender, porque não havíamos de dar-lhe!” </span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 8pt;">(Adaptado
de Leonardo Arroyo, A carta de Pero Vaz de Caminha. São Paulo: Melhoramentos;
Rio de Janeiro: INL, 1971, p. 72-74.) <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Esse
trecho da carta de Caminha nos permite concluir que o contato entre as culturas
indígena e europeia foi </span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) favorecido pelo interesse que ambas
as partes demonstravam em realizar transações comerciais: os indígenas se
integrariam ao sistema de colonização, abastecendo as feitorias, voltadas ao
comércio do pau-brasil, e se miscigenando com os colonizadores. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) guiado pelo interesse dos
descobridores em explorar a nova terra, principalmente por meio da extração de
riquezas, interesse que se colocava acima da compreensão da cultura dos
indígenas, que seria quase dizimada junto com essa população. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) facilitado pela docilidade dos
indígenas, que se associaram aos descobridores na exploração da nova terra,
viabilizando um sistema colonial cuja base era a escravização dos povos
nativos, o que levaria à destruição da sua cultura. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) marcado pela necessidade dos
colonizadores de obterem matéria-prima para suas indústrias e ampliarem o
mercado consumidor para sua produção industrial, o que levou à busca por
colônias e à integração cultural das populações nativas. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">19.
(Enem 2010) Os vestígios dos povos Tupi-guarani encontram-se desde as Missões e
o rio da Prata, ao sul, até o Nordeste, com algumas ocorrências ainda mal
conhecidas no sul da Amazônia. A leste, ocupavam toda a faixa litorânea, desde
o Rio Grande do Sul até o Maranhão. A oeste, aparecem (no rio da Prata) no
Paraguai e nas terras baixas da Bolívia. Evitam as terras inundáveis do
Pantanal e marcam sua presença discretamente nos cerrados do Brasil central. De
fato, ocuparam, de preferência, as regiões de floresta tropical e
subtropical. </span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 7.5pt;">PROUS.
A. O Brasil antes dos brasileiros. Rio de Janeiro: Jorge Zahar. Editor,
2005. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Os
povos indígenas citados possuíam tradições culturais específicas que os
distinguiam de outras sociedades indígenas e dos colonizadores europeus. Entre
as tradições tupi-guarani, destacava-se </span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">a) a organização em
aldeias politicamente independentes, dirigidas por um chefe, eleito pelos
indivíduos mais velhos da tribo. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">b) a ritualização da
guerra entre as tribos e o caráter semissedentário de sua organização
social. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">c) a conquista de terras
mediante operações militares, o que permitiu seu domínio sobre vasto
território. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">d) o caráter pastoril de
sua economia, que prescindia da agricultura para investir na criação de
animais. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">e) o desprezo pelos
rituais antropofágicos praticados em outras sociedades indígenas. </span></p><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><br /><b>20. (Enem 2ª aplicação 2010)<br /></b><br />Chegança <br />Sou Pataxó, <br />Sou Xavante e Carriri, <br />Ianomâmi, sou Tupi <br />Guarani, sou Carajá. <br />Sou Pancaruru, <br />Carijó, Tupinajé, <br />Sou Potiguar, sou Caeté, <br />Ful-ni-ô, Tupinambá <br /><br />Eu atraquei num porto muito seguro, <br />Céu azul, paz e ar puro... <br />Botei as pernas pro ar. <br />Logo sonhei que estava no paraíso, <br />Onde nem era preciso dormir para sonhar. <br /><br />Mas de repente me acordei com a surpresa: <br />Uma esquadra portuguesa veio na praia atracar. <br />Da grande-nau <br />Um branco de barba escura, <br />Vestindo uma armadura me apontou pra me pegar. <br /><br />E assustado dei um pulo da rede, <br /><br />Pressenti a fome, a sede, <br />Eu pensei: “vão me acabar”. <br />Aí, senti no coração, <br /><br />Levantei-me de Borduna já na mão. <br /><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: small;">O Brasil vai começar. </span><span style="font-size: small;">NÓBREGA, A.; FREIRE, W. CD Pernambuco falando para o mundo, 1998.</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></div></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">A letra
da canção apresenta um tema recorrente na história da colonização brasileira,
as relações de poder entre portugueses e povos nativos, e representa uma
crítica à ideia presente no chamado mito <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">a) da democracia racial,
originado das relações cordiais estabelecidas entre portugueses e nativos no
período anterior ao início da colonização brasileira. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">b) da cordialidade
brasileira, advinda da forma como os povos nativos se associaram economicamente
aos portugueses, participando dos negócios coloniais açucareiros. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">c) do brasileiro
receptivo, oriundo da facilidade com que os nativos brasileiros aceitaram as
regras impostas pelo colonizador, o que garantiu o sucesso da
colonização. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">d) da natural
miscigenação, resultante da forma como a metrópole incentivou a união entre
colonos, ex-escravas e nativas para acelerar o povoamento da colônia. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">e) do encontro, que
identifica a colonização portuguesa como pacífica em função das relações de
troca estabelecidas nos primeiros contatos entre portugueses e nativos. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.portaldovestibulando.com/2023/07/brasil-pre-colonial-gabarito.html" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="55" data-original-width="266" height="55" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDXVFqX5ciSn8VxfqD73uJsU8mwtHPj-YSQykDAK6JINf4XH-wQosrt4Cht4qNN2t06a_kuXhmlInSfRi4YNvj_TVDf7dUt6SQ6vlf84Oh2E93zNA2Lrb0BJKisEpfBNAhImGaGwzRAqyRMKFf8ng9PHneMwId4XUuLIawWMj6msyNA45IXPePu716N7m3/s1600/Gabarito.png" width="266" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/file/jejo1fatya3xmuq/História+-+Brasil+Pré-colonial.pdf/file" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHm3JtfJoi0KpCRBniSC3v_tYACUpOnmqZv7LyAwEn4p4VDnu0XWt4aCOxFz6v2GX457awqKB7hKD41ABk9MtdL5Mo-ZdSKogKFNd-3cn4ehPZG4NbVPOW0UiT0C06381fwQPNsbOBAj48sn-_nSbRWtJQMLCnE6Yj1HxcMzxdWZ0hHM2FiQbr1L8fIxNb/s1600/Lista%20de%20exerc%C3%ADcios.png" width="275" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p>Portal do Vestibulandohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03466686065222700679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5538522159417475835.post-15671593597881380352023-07-03T13:19:00.001-04:002023-07-03T15:05:59.481-04:00Brasil: Fontes de Energia - Lista de Exercícios - Questões de Vestibulares e Concursos<p><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">1. (Unip - Medicina 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Analise o mapa.</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxkt4JQd8fLmhWj4AtyIFwbQtaUEQLWxEZStZRSMXCg_cHMIdHmNrTQhZUKwPnLwIuMGVuhXqEsyG-YTOCklexbADMd5RzMFL0-DmZeyrgGozslmcr9r9iaSkMzQXDwxpVLnQcZqiHAffwCVr0TwJqD7so7VfxWuB4nOnj4GtcWqK5s836j3-dhUSwp441/s770/1.%20N%C3%BAmero%20de%20parques%20e%C3%B3licos.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="724" data-original-width="770" height="602" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxkt4JQd8fLmhWj4AtyIFwbQtaUEQLWxEZStZRSMXCg_cHMIdHmNrTQhZUKwPnLwIuMGVuhXqEsyG-YTOCklexbADMd5RzMFL0-DmZeyrgGozslmcr9r9iaSkMzQXDwxpVLnQcZqiHAffwCVr0TwJqD7so7VfxWuB4nOnj4GtcWqK5s836j3-dhUSwp441/w640-h602/1.%20N%C3%BAmero%20de%20parques%20e%C3%B3licos.png" width="640" /></a></b></div><b><br /></b><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f">
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</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A região brasileira que lidera no mapa a produção
de energia eólica e a explicação para essa liderança são, respectivamente, </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a região
Nordeste, por se configurar como zona de abrangência dos ventos alísios. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a região
Sul, por se configurar como área de atuação das células de baixa pressão. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a região
Sul, por se configurar como área de ocorrência dos ventos de oeste. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a região
Sudeste, por se configurar como área de predominância do Efeito Coriolis. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a região
Nordeste, por se configurar como área de recepção de ventos monçônicos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">2. (Esa 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Em uma pesquisa sobre o aproveitamento econômico dos recursos naturais e
as questões ambientais, um grupo de alunos da Escola de Sargentos das Armas
levantou as seguintes informações:</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“No panorama global, o Brasil se distingue pela
participação muito elevada das fontes renováveis</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> <b>na estrutura de oferta de energia. No Brasil,
as fontes renováveis representam perto de 45% do consumo total, resultantes de
uma combinação de fatores naturais favoráveis e de políticas energéticas
orientadas para fazer uso eficiente dessas vantagens”.</b> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(MAGNOLI, Demétrio. Geografia para o Ensino
Médio, 2012, p. 335-336).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A privilegiada posição brasileira descrita nas
informações do texto é fruto do peso excepcional das seguintes fontes: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">energia
hidráulica e biomassa </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">carvão
mineral e etanol </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">gás
natural e biodiesel </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">gás de xisto e energia eólica </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">energia
nuclear e energia solar </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">3. (Fcmscsp 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Analise o mapa.</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZH2Wavihc8pxtPciYforeTO_DlggYUqX1eZEjggatJe95Mi9OX8ft9jAhlf50LlhhLqaRyx1xk0GfmDMGDAnmErV32sivVPjUD9AfA-tqCbqKZ19654ClseComrvwHX3Z898Qg6tOXwaU4YslCew9xY903gYL4vK0MT-GRCSoOo2mFEz0vnN8HBx2JJHf/s794/3.%20Coletora%20de%20Porto%20Velho.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="794" data-original-width="762" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZH2Wavihc8pxtPciYforeTO_DlggYUqX1eZEjggatJe95Mi9OX8ft9jAhlf50LlhhLqaRyx1xk0GfmDMGDAnmErV32sivVPjUD9AfA-tqCbqKZ19654ClseComrvwHX3Z898Qg6tOXwaU4YslCew9xY903gYL4vK0MT-GRCSoOo2mFEz0vnN8HBx2JJHf/w614-h640/3.%20Coletora%20de%20Porto%20Velho.png" width="614" /></a></b></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A representação espacial apresentada no mapa faz
referência </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">à
circulação de energia elétrica entre as unidades geradoras. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">aos
corredores de produção e extração agromineral. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">à rede
integrada de defesa e controle do tráfego aéreo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">aos
centros de controle de comunicação via satélite. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">aos
fluxos migratórios inter-regionais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">4. (Upe-ssa 3 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os biocombustíveis são derivados de biomassa
renovável, que podem substituir, parcial ou totalmente, combustíveis derivados
de petróleo e gás natural em motores à combustão ou em outro tipo de geração de
energia.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Com relação a esse assunto estudado pela Geografia
Econômica, assinale a alternativa CORRETA. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">espécies oleaginosas, a exemplo do dendê, soja,
amendoim, girassol, pinhão-manso, mamona, gergelim e canola, são cultivadas no
Brasil, de forma extensiva e com muita tecnologia, remodelando biomas,
modificando as dinâmicas dos territórios e propiciando melhoria na qualidade de
vida e fixação de sua população, principalmente as comunidades tradicionais e
indígenas.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“Matopiba”
é uma região, cujo nome advém do acrônimo das iniciais dos estados do Maranhão,
Tocantins, Piauí e Bahia, considerada a nova fronteira agrícola e maior
produtora de biocombustíveis do país, especialmente o etanol. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
cultivo comercial mundial do dendê concentra-se no Sudeste Asiático, mais
especificamente na Malásia, Indonésia, Tailândia, Colômbia e Nigéria. No
Brasil, as unidades federativas de maior representatividade no cultivo do dendê
são: Pará, Bahia, Amazonas e Paraná. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O uso do
dendê como biocombustível é o responsável pela recente ampliação de fronteiras
para sua produção no Brasil, entretanto, além do simbolismo cultural, o óleo é
usado na fabricação de alimentos processados, sabões, detergentes, graxas,
lubrificantes e na síntese de medicamentos e cosméticos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
gergelim é uma das oleaginosas mais antigas cultivadas no mundo, e os maiores
produtores são China, Índia, México e Sudão. No Brasil, o seu cultivo foi
responsável pela expansão desse biocombustível na Região Sul do país e por
graves conflitos agrários, visando à posse da terra. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">5. (Enem PPL 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Petrobras identifica a presença de hidrocarbonetos
em poço na Bacia de Santos<span style="background-color: white;">.</span></span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 4pt;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibHUhhEG15IfoECFDA0GRXpg2q_nG68wIC3HwlZjruV-CTbab6nDleHXMMrJivj3o0TQKBToqjJAa0tvQMLEVBOg1_lZkkM7KA_NpieEBmFEUxCkOJeDqiihC7a38CHNUnXUVCgbRBmTvbcWi4tI4yTEf4jiNn4H0PqUlcmLr-sfkPq6DKxyI00KhR4EMT/s624/5.%20Bacia%20de%20Santos.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="476" data-original-width="624" height="488" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibHUhhEG15IfoECFDA0GRXpg2q_nG68wIC3HwlZjruV-CTbab6nDleHXMMrJivj3o0TQKBToqjJAa0tvQMLEVBOg1_lZkkM7KA_NpieEBmFEUxCkOJeDqiihC7a38CHNUnXUVCgbRBmTvbcWi4tI4yTEf4jiNn4H0PqUlcmLr-sfkPq6DKxyI00KhR4EMT/w640-h488/5.%20Bacia%20de%20Santos.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A Petrobras anunciou que identificou a presença de
hidrocarbonetos (que dão origem ao petróleo) no pré-sal da Bacia de Santos, em
poço pioneiro do bloco Aram. Segundo a estatal, o poço 1-BRSA-1381-SPS
(Curaçao) está localizado a 240 km da cidade de Santos, no litoral de São
Paulo, em profundidade de 1 905 m. A Petrobras informou que o intervalo
portador de petróleo foi constatado por meio de perfis elétricos e amostras de
fluido, que serão posteriormente caracterizados por análises de laboratório.
Esses dados permitirão avaliar o potencial e direcionar as próximas atividades
exploratórias na área.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Disponível em: https://g1.globo.com. Acesso
em: 20 dez. 2021 (adaptado).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A ocorrência do recurso natural na área destacada
está relacionada à </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ação de
correntes marinhas na beira-mar. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">colisão
de placas tectônicas na costa brasileira. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">temperatura
elevada da água do Atlântico na região. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">presença
de rochas de origem magmática no local. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">deposição
de compostos orgânicos no leito oceânico. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">6. (Integrado - Medicina 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O carvão mineral é o combustível fóssil mais
abundante, principalmente, nos países do hemisfério norte. Por possuir vida
útil longa, ele é considerado o substituto imediato do petróleo, caso este
entre em situação de crise e/ou aumento de preço. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sobre o carvão mineral como fonte energética,
assinale a alternativa correta. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Dentre
as vantagens encontradas na utilização do carvão mineral está a sua fácil
localização e fácil extração que, com a evolução dos meios técnicos e
tecnológicos, possibilitou uma redução significativa quanto aos impactos ao
meio ambiente. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O carvão
mineral é uma rocha metamórfica de origem sedimentar e orgânica que, apesar de
ser considerada como uma fonte de energia limpa, quando comparada a outras
fontes de energia, apresenta um custo-benefício elevado, tornando não vantajosa
a sua utilização. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
benefício do carvão mineral está na alta eficácia energética originadas pela
sua formação como matéria orgânica decomposta e da sua localização nas bacias
sedimentares do assoalho oceânico, mas que tem como malefício, danos à vida
marinha, caso ocorra falha em sua extração ou problemas nos equipamentos
envolvidos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O carvão
mineral contém em sua estrutura o carbono e o enxofre que após a queima são
liberados na atmosfera em forma de gás causando um agravamento do efeito estufa
e contribuindo para a formação de chuva ácida. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As
grandes reservas de carvão mineral no Brasil encontram-se nos estados de Mato
Grosso e Mato Grosso do Sul que tem sofrido com a retirada de suas composições
vegetais, visto que, grande parte das árvores, matéria prima desta matriz
enérgica, é de origem de vegetação nativa. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">7. (Unichristus - Medicina 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">CONHEÇA A 1ª USINA DO BRASIL A GERAR ENERGIA
ELÉTRICA EM ESCALA COMERCIAL COM RESÍDUOS DA CANA</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Produção ocorre através do biogás, que é obtido por
meio da vinhaça e da torta de filtro, parte sólida que sai da filtração do
caldo da cana. Cultura é a principal fonte de energia renovável do país.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Disponível em: https://g1.globo.com/economia.
Acesso em: 4 jul. 2021.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A partir da leitura, pode-se inferir que o(a) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">utilização
da biomassa da cana-de-açúcar torna a usina de beneficiamento autossuficiente
em energia. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">uso dos
resíduos da produção de etanol entra como alternativa energética aos grandes
projetos agroindustriais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">cana-de-açúcar,
em número, já é a principal fonte alternativa de energia do Brasil. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">biomassa
gerada pelo beneficiamento da cana-de-açúcar entra como alternativa energética.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">uso dos
resíduos da cana-de-açúcar reduz os impactos gerados pelo chorume no lençol
d’água. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">8. (Upf 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“A possibilidade de um ‘novo pré-sal’ no litoral do Amapá, Pará e
Maranhão já abriu uma disputa entre empresas e órgãos ambientais. Estudo
recente de pesquisadores autônomos indicou a existência de grandes volumes de
petróleo na região.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O governo, porém, está receoso com os prejuízos
ambientais que a atividade possa causar nesses Estados. Na dúvida, optou por
excluir blocos localizados nessa bacia dos leilões de petróleo deste e do
próximo ano.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A maior parte das informações sobre as oportunidades
econômicas foi levantada por empresas privadas, que usam tecnologia sísmica
para mapear a presença de petróleo no subsolo marítimo. Essa tecnologia
consiste na emissão de ondas sonoras no mar para detectar a existência de
reservatórios. Após quatro anos interpretando dados sísmicos dessas empresas, o
geólogo Pedro Zalan chegou à conclusão de que o litoral do Pará-Maranhão é o
mais promissor do País, depois do pré-sal”.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(<i>Exame
Invest</i>, publicado em 03/04/2021)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">De acordo com o texto, a descoberta de petróleo no
litoral brasileiro é uma notícia promissora para o Brasil, no entanto preocupa
os ambientalistas. Isto se dá porque, na visão dos ambientalistas, a extração
do petróleo pode causar: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Maior
visibilidade e competitividade do Brasil no mercado econômico internacional do
petróleo, tornando-o um grande produtor e exportador da matéria-prima. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Problemas
ambientais de proporções pouco avassaladoras, pois a maior parte das
plataformas de extração de petróleo se localizam em alto mar e o petróleo se
dilui na água, não atingindo as áreas litorâneas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Prejuízos
às trocas gasosas da atmosfera com a água, uma vez que o petróleo forma uma
película na superfície desta, favorecendo a realização da fotossíntese pelas
algas, que estão na base da cadeia alimentar hídrica, produzindo ainda mais
alimentos para as demais espécies. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Vazamentos,
que dificilmente prejudicam a organização social e interferem na vida das
comunidades litorâneas que dependem da pesca. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Derramamentos
de petróleo, que, independentemente das suas proporções, são considerados
catástrofes ambientais, uma vez que o petróleo se propaga rapidamente pelo mar,
formando uma mancha negra que contamina a água e compromete a vida de espécies
marinhas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">9. (Integrado - Medicina 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A matriz energética brasileira corresponde à
representação quantitativa dos recursos energéticos disponíveis no Brasil,
usados para suprimento da demanda de energia, onde parte dessa matriz é
proveniente de fontes alternativas.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Dessa forma, sobre as fontes alternativas de
energia presentes no Brasil, assinale a alternativa CORRETA. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">São
consideradas como fontes alternativas de energia aquelas que não causam
qualquer tipo de impacto socioambiental no local de sua instalação. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As
usinas eólicas e fotovoltaicas, presentes no Brasil, podem ser classificadas
como fontes alternativas de energia. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
energia geotérmica é bastante abundante no território brasileiro, sendo
encontrada em todas as suas regiões. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Devido à
grande quantidade de urânio encontrado no território brasileiro, a energia
termonuclear é a segunda com a maior demanda no Brasil, perdendo apenas para a
energia produzida pelas hidrelétricas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
energia hidráulica é considerada uma fonte alternativa de energia, sendo a mais
utilizada no país, com aproximadamente 75% do total da energia elétrica
produzida no Brasil, através de usinas hidrelétricas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">10. (Famerp 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Examine o mapa.</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhph5YMT_MDD9K4m6pqzy1QfbggeYlgAzpnAVJZpX115YK8aulHI7d2vHhpAWMbatIyOg-wLjutxxqhpNgS6DVoL4s081JhaBWo866PO_-guxyzZeC0QWMuHM3togOfjfrnfFKCEdSksbQwJE6COEeMD3yR2guV_v4ev1rZ_2hiGDrl586EVSkWteIPLSsd/s852/10.%20Gera%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20de%20energia%20no%20Brasil.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="792" data-original-width="852" height="594" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhph5YMT_MDD9K4m6pqzy1QfbggeYlgAzpnAVJZpX115YK8aulHI7d2vHhpAWMbatIyOg-wLjutxxqhpNgS6DVoL4s081JhaBWo866PO_-guxyzZeC0QWMuHM3togOfjfrnfFKCEdSksbQwJE6COEeMD3yR2guV_v4ev1rZ_2hiGDrl586EVSkWteIPLSsd/w640-h594/10.%20Gera%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20de%20energia%20no%20Brasil.png" width="640" /></a></b></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considerando a matriz elétrica brasileira, os tipos
de energias designados pelos contornos roxo e verde indicados na legenda são,
respectivamente, </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">nuclear
e hidráulica. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">eólica e
solar. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">nuclear
e solar. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">hidráulica
e eólica.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">e) </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">solar e
térmica. </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">11. (Fgv 2019) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
questão central da energia elétrica é a sua disponibilidade. Com efeito, para a
energia elétrica ser utilizada, em quantidade e confiabilidade, é necessário
que esteja disponível, tanto espacial quanto temporalmente.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><b><br /></b></span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgY6RNmN0m-JLVc9Wv1CPQRfLYPNLhujjtTDQvrXG7l54SCJ3rY4cKjaYCO9NeEhA1Qll1r0RrW-ohZOcXFbAYlbu55MvVwB50pnUOmMkCL2IfWb83EQJkYx_A6hSsc8n0B4B6eXDqw46aGeenSudQjk3o4lNbSoZOBKos0Ck3D5sBFpXJBrsExJn3ehWpZ/s1183/11.%20Gera%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20de%20Energia%20El%C3%A9trica.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1183" data-original-width="705" height="986" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgY6RNmN0m-JLVc9Wv1CPQRfLYPNLhujjtTDQvrXG7l54SCJ3rY4cKjaYCO9NeEhA1Qll1r0RrW-ohZOcXFbAYlbu55MvVwB50pnUOmMkCL2IfWb83EQJkYx_A6hSsc8n0B4B6eXDqw46aGeenSudQjk3o4lNbSoZOBKos0Ck3D5sBFpXJBrsExJn3ehWpZ/w587-h986/11.%20Gera%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20de%20Energia%20El%C3%A9trica.png" width="587" /></a></b></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
respeito da oferta de energia elétrica no território brasileiro e com o auxílio
dos gráficos, analise as afirmações a seguir.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 8.5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I.
A preponderância da fonte hidráulica na geração de energia elétrica é explicada,
em parte, por tratar-se de um recurso renovável e com vantagens comparativas,
quando se considera o custo de geração.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II.
A geração de energia a partir de hidrelétricas oferece enormes desafios
logísticos, uma vez que a viabilidade de instalação das unidades geradoras é
determinada pelas condições naturais.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III.
Na oferta interna de energia elétrica, as fontes renováveis, com destaque para
a energia hidráulica, são, de longe, as responsáveis pela maior parte da
produção de eletricidade do país.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Está
correto o que se afirma em </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II e III, somente.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I, somente.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I e II, somente.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III, somente.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I, II e III. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">12.
(Uel 2020) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Em novembro de 2007, foi anunciada a existência de
extensos campos de petróleo na camada pré-sal brasileira, como o de Tupi.
Atualmente, estima-se que, em toda a sua extensão, a camada pré-sal abrigue um
total de 100 bilhões de barris de petróleo em reservas, o que coloca o país no
grupo dos maiores produtores mundiais.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sobre
o pré-sal, assinale a alternativa correta. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A produção petrolífera no Brasil é insuficiente para o consumo interno
e, mesmo com a descoberta do pré-sal, o país depende da importação de petróleo
pesado.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O petróleo encontrado no pré-sal localiza-se em bacias sedimentares,
sendo as três principais a do Espírito Santo (ES), a de Campos (RJ) e a de
Santos (SP).</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As formações do pré-sal no Brasil datam do período Quaternário da Era
Mesozoica, mesmo período em que surgem os peixes e a vegetação nos continentes.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A extração de petróleo do pré-sal tem se mostrado ineficiente, sendo
pequeno o volume extraído, em função das limitações técnicas e do elevado custo
de exploração.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A profundidade em que se encontram as reservas do pré-sal impossibilita
o risco de vazamentos e desastres ambientais, evitando prejuízos à
biodiversidade.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">13.
(Famerp 2020) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considerando o mapa e conhecimentos sobre a
produção de energia hidráulica brasileira, pode-se afirmar que</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><b><br /></b></span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpqS2Hx0N6osia7SVfkcYXswLenMwAkKR-vA_TLz4d3CBjA-kWbPZx4GNhCQquepaPL0ewZMb2bXZuh8rWKnk-Nc0PGPSGBQ8j4txepBeuDw9IiTVYaKQcqWlzri990K-B3PtUwwmw8M5JXIajOwfgWpzcMio5bYP5yWBXl-iFqHYlmCzuwLMmkcJzAonh/s811/13.%20Capacidade%20hidrel%C3%A9trica%20instalada%20por%20sub.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="811" data-original-width="660" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpqS2Hx0N6osia7SVfkcYXswLenMwAkKR-vA_TLz4d3CBjA-kWbPZx4GNhCQquepaPL0ewZMb2bXZuh8rWKnk-Nc0PGPSGBQ8j4txepBeuDw9IiTVYaKQcqWlzri990K-B3PtUwwmw8M5JXIajOwfgWpzcMio5bYP5yWBXl-iFqHYlmCzuwLMmkcJzAonh/w520-h640/13.%20Capacidade%20hidrel%C3%A9trica%20instalada%20por%20sub.png" width="520" /></a></b></div><b><br /></b><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o relevo de planícies explica o baixo aproveitamento hidráulico da Bacia
do Amazonas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a grande distância dos centros consumidores explica o alto
aproveitamento hidráulico da Bacia do Paraná-Paraguai. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o relevo de depressões explica o baixo aproveitamento hidráulico da
Bacia do Atlântico Leste. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a grande diversidade biológica explica o alto aproveitamento hidráulico
da Bacia do Atlântico Nordeste-Norte. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a retração da frente pioneira explica o alto aproveitamento hidráulico
da Bacia do Tocantins. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">14.
(Cftrj 2018) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">De 23 novas hidrelétricas planejadas na Amazônia,
sete serão construídas em áreas intocadas</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“O
governo planeja instalar na Amazônia pelo menos 23 novas hidrelétricas, além
das seis já em construção na região. [...] Sete delas, como as das bacias do
Tapajós e do Jamanxim, serão feitas no coração da Amazônia, em áreas de
floresta contínua praticamente intocadas. [...]</span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
entusiasmo com a construção de hidrelétricas contrasta com as preocupações
ambientais. O governo do estado do Amazonas é contra.</span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">–
Não somos contra o crescimento econômico, mas ele não precisa ser predatório. O
governo precisa olhar outras soluções – diz Anderson Bittencourt, coordenador
de Energia da Secretaria de Meio Ambiente do Amazonas”.</span></i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG9ik5HFbRNbfj5afT1-DJiYeIG1Pp6w2soQximP26yRbPax9bKFbThaB6BJ3gyTBUKZ2QoQZPbUc4AtzQl_ClOBrryGsTVdKys01jHWVcH9EEGKQhX-FVRRD3cFTNAshKOXLzb4Xv-FK2Dc6EsxnHdvyipYdckBcLNcBUa5Dpcs1aStLlMmpNqAgofy2x/s537/14.%20Hidrel%C3%A9tricas%20na%20Amaz%C3%B4nia.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="432" data-original-width="537" height="321" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG9ik5HFbRNbfj5afT1-DJiYeIG1Pp6w2soQximP26yRbPax9bKFbThaB6BJ3gyTBUKZ2QoQZPbUc4AtzQl_ClOBrryGsTVdKys01jHWVcH9EEGKQhX-FVRRD3cFTNAshKOXLzb4Xv-FK2Dc6EsxnHdvyipYdckBcLNcBUa5Dpcs1aStLlMmpNqAgofy2x/w400-h321/14.%20Hidrel%C3%A9tricas%20na%20Amaz%C3%B4nia.png" width="400" /></a></i></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Um
possível impacto socioambiental causado na Amazônia pela utilização da fonte de
energia relatada no texto é: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a inundação de áreas extensas, prejudicando a fauna e a flora locais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a queima de combustíveis fósseis, agravando o aquecimento global. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o uso de elementos radioativos, resultando no risco de acidentes
nucleares. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a extração de recursos naturais não renováveis, provocando sua extinção
na natureza.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">15.
(Fgv 2018) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Avaliando conhecimentos acerca da produção rural no
Brasil, é correto afirmar que as diferenças entre a faixa litorânea nordestina
e o oeste paulista residem</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV4dJD0yD0sVcFH3YXIOLdbmlMezuDkTsPQ4_esPFR7LYfmuLCntp0vB0eyG00gm2iQwudfzWSXKngWGktAZZvXOzTe5pLogx5Mj3EtOzyo02D-fU1YqqzWVJTQl37xx5eLq7nMy-H2OTaHkiVmpik6-2V_ccMjtm1e4xFZsJPaQC294lbXmWTesDPKlpG/s585/15.%20Cana-de-a%C3%A7%C3%BAcar,%20produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20e%20rendimento.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="582" data-original-width="585" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV4dJD0yD0sVcFH3YXIOLdbmlMezuDkTsPQ4_esPFR7LYfmuLCntp0vB0eyG00gm2iQwudfzWSXKngWGktAZZvXOzTe5pLogx5Mj3EtOzyo02D-fU1YqqzWVJTQl37xx5eLq7nMy-H2OTaHkiVmpik6-2V_ccMjtm1e4xFZsJPaQC294lbXmWTesDPKlpG/w400-h398/15.%20Cana-de-a%C3%A7%C3%BAcar,%20produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20e%20rendimento.png" width="400" /></a></b></div><b><br /></b><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">nos programas de qualificação profissional, reflexo da maior
produtividade no sul do país. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">na dimensão dos mercados consumidores, restrito no Nordeste brasileiro. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">na adoção de zonas francas, sobretaxando a produção realizada no
Nordeste. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">na instituição de parcerias público-privadas, potencializando os
cultivos em São Paulo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">nos diferentes modelos de exploração, intensiva na porção centro-sul do
país. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">16.
(Unesp 2018) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Examine o mapa.</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRp2Iqi3B5IwbGD71TgGoV1RrrnvTBAuqIo1oB-Qce0x5zRVyHWssC2iCQC-h7A-3Kn_r8xnAq7OW5pBHoeglORVYM2YF5kwahBtWZ5PGgMDEUwqjPSA-DBeYF06wAhl9YTi8BEi6-FzYKZcNV4qZA73OcSG-W6shB347KfhCRxs6XnsFWQON1r66GbXKd/s576/16.%20Potencial%20energ%C3%A9tico.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="576" data-original-width="535" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRp2Iqi3B5IwbGD71TgGoV1RrrnvTBAuqIo1oB-Qce0x5zRVyHWssC2iCQC-h7A-3Kn_r8xnAq7OW5pBHoeglORVYM2YF5kwahBtWZ5PGgMDEUwqjPSA-DBeYF06wAhl9YTi8BEi6-FzYKZcNV4qZA73OcSG-W6shB347KfhCRxs6XnsFWQON1r66GbXKd/w594-h640/16.%20Potencial%20energ%C3%A9tico.png" width="594" /></a></b></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
mapa apresenta o potencial de exploração da energia </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">hidráulica. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">geotérmica. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">termoelétrica. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">eólica. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">solar. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">17.
(Enem 2017) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A instalação de uma refinaria obedece a diversos
fatores técnicos. Um dos mais importantes é a localização, que deve ser próxima
tanto dos centros de consumo como das áreas de produção. A Petrobras possui
refinarias estrategicamente distribuídas pelo país. Elas são responsáveis pelo
processamento de milhões de barris de petróleo por dia, suprindo o mercado com
derivados que podem ser obtidos a partir de petróleo nacional ou importado.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">MURTA,
A. L. S. <i>Energia: o vício da civilização</i>; crise energética e
alternativas sustentáveis. Rio de Janeiro: Garamond, 2011.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
territorialização de uma unidade produtiva depende de diversos fatores
locacionais. A partir da leitura do texto, o fator determinante para a
instalação das refinarias de petróleo é a proximidade a <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">sedes de empresas petroquímicas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">zonas de importação de derivados. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">polos de desenvolvimento tecnológico. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">áreas de aglomerações de mão de obra. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">espaços com infraestrutura de circulação. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">18.
(Espcex 2015) Sobre a matriz energética brasileira podemos afirmar que</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">I. embora os combustíveis fósseis
tenham importante participação na matriz energética brasileira, o País
apresenta relativo equilíbrio no uso de fontes renováveis e não renováveis de
energia.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">II. atualmente, tomados em conjunto, o
setor industrial e o setor residencial são responsáveis por cerca de 70% do
consumo energético total do País.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">III. a biomassa e o gás natural estão
entre as principais fontes na geração de energia térmica convencional, porém o
diesel (derivado do petróleo) continua sendo a principal fonte de geração
elétrica em usinas térmicas no País. IV- a descoberta do pré-sal contribuiu
para a autossuficiência brasileira em petróleo e interrompeu políticas de
diversificação da matriz energética, tais como a retomada do programa de
centrais nucleares e os investimentos em geração eólica no País.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">V. a fim de amenizar os impactos ambientais,
o projeto aprovado para a construção da Usina Hidrelétrica de Belo Monte (PA) a
definiu como uma “usina a fio d’água”, o que acarretará grandes variações em
sua capacidade de produção entre a estação das cheias e a das vazantes.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Assinale
a alternativa em que todas as afirmativas estão corretas. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><span style="font-family: Cambria;">a) I e III <br />b) II, III e V <br />c) I e V <br />d) I, III e IV <br />e) IV e V</span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">19.
(Naval 2014) Um dos graves problemas que o Brasil vem enfrentando desde 2001 é
a crise de energia com ameaças dos “apagões”. Para minimizar tal preocupação,
muito se fala na necessidade de diversificar a matriz energética brasileira.
Assim, com relação aos biocombustíveis, assinale a opção correta.</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) A limitada disponibilidade de
espécies de plantas no uso da produção de bioenergia torna o país refém da cana
de açúcar, que possui custos elevados na produção do etanol. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) Embora o Brasil apresente condições
naturais favoráveis para a produção da cana-de-açúcar, a deficiência
tecnológica para a produção do biocombustível coloca o país entre os menores
índices mundiais de produtividade. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) A expansão de áreas agricultáveis
para o cultivo da cana-de-açúcar e de oleaginosas com fins energéticos ocorre
em áreas de pastagens abandonadas, por isso, não causam diminuição no cultivo
de alimentos. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) A produção de biodiesel realizada
com matéria prima cultivada em pequenas propriedades familiares foi responsável
por abastecer o mercado interno e favorecer parte da exportação do produto ao
mercado norte-americano. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">e) O projeto do Proálcool, ao
privilegiar os usineiros, produziu alterações na organização espacial do campo,
agravando os problemas relacionados à concentração de terras e ao êxodo rural,
além do incentivo à monocultura.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">20.
(Uff 2012) No mapa, registra-se a localização dos principais projetos eólicos
outorgados o Brasil, em 2002. </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrs1e_YcEXpC4-ofRMiOddnsF2N-HWdgCL1ooAqqI3JZJfwQRBCM_3HQHYtRn6pA-_uwYmfEZNJ35dBbrJ2R8CiP5Yal5wyLNw9A75J-WHzc2JS6eIrMto5lU3YbYQ-h72PJ-tQ8g6K4CxO4Nu7_0pV7VFbtZJ689InvrLzswJRaGFPqjjocwE4u0QwO6V/s746/20.%20Localia%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20dos%20projetos%20e%C3%B3licos.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="746" data-original-width="707" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrs1e_YcEXpC4-ofRMiOddnsF2N-HWdgCL1ooAqqI3JZJfwQRBCM_3HQHYtRn6pA-_uwYmfEZNJ35dBbrJ2R8CiP5Yal5wyLNw9A75J-WHzc2JS6eIrMto5lU3YbYQ-h72PJ-tQ8g6K4CxO4Nu7_0pV7VFbtZJ689InvrLzswJRaGFPqjjocwE4u0QwO6V/w606-h640/20.%20Localia%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20dos%20projetos%20e%C3%B3licos.png" width="606" /></a></b></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Acerca
dos projetos eólicos e de sua localização, a forte concentração em um
determinado trecho do litoral nordestino está ligada à </span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) dinâmica dos ventos alísios
provindos das áreas de alta pressão subtropicais ao norte do Equador. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) alta pressão e aos ventos dominantes
na zona intertropical de convergência, localizada nessa latitude. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) forte influência exercida pelos
ventos contra-alísios provindos da região de alta pressão subtropical. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) atuação constante de massas de ar
úmidas que predominam nas regiões de alta pressão subpolar. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">e) influência tanto de frentes frias
quanto quentes provenientes de regiões atingidas pela corrente El Niño. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">21.
(Uespi 2012) </span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">“O
Brasil prepara parceria com a China para fabricar biocombustíveis na África, a
exemplo do que já faz com os Estados Unidos e a Europa, e a produção deve ser
totalmente voltada para o mercado chinês, afirma o diretor do Departamento de
Energia do Ministério de Relações Exteriores, André Lago”. </span></i></b></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 8pt;">(Fonte:
Folha de São Paulo, edição on-line de 23/08/2010) <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Sobre
o tema dos biocombustíveis, é correto afirmar que: </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a
produção de biocombustíveis, de certa maneira, tem contribuído para a
diminuição da produção de alimentos no mundo. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">os
biocombustíveis são utilizados em veículos, como, por exemplo, carros e
caminhões, integralmente ou misturados com os chamados combustíveis
fósseis. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">o
emprego do biodiesel, apesar de apresentar baixos índices de poluição do ar,
deixa a economia dos países, sobretudo os subdesenvolvidos, mais dependentes
dos produtores de petróleo. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">os
biocombustíveis, produzidos em larga escala e com emprego de tecnologia
moderna, geram um custo de produção muito mais elevado do que os derivados de
petróleo. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a
utilização de biocombustíveis apresenta a vantagem de ser uma fonte de energia
renovável, ao contrário dos combustíveis fósseis, a exemplo do carvão mineral,
do óleo diesel e da gasolina. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Estão
corretas apenas: </span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><span style="font-family: Cambria;">a) 1 e 2 <br />b) 3 e 5 <br />c) 1, 2 e 5 <br />d) 1, 3 e 4 <br />e) 2, 3, 4 e 5 </span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">22.
(Fgv 2012) Sobre a dependência externa de energia registrada pelo Brasil e as
causas de sua evolução recente, é correto afirmar que: </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLF-_xPNBksMVK3gU2mc8qCFqkuy1kYgPFN1Z_HPCSpZaoRIgT3eSgS3UMwUnmHKct_8tt7iWACuC_vHjJJZJAF3wDNaB4UGUliCN570cxPoenWwzfuqWWd1uZY-41vPHOEmKZYMh0Y0pDc0I8HQCkl9OVdMh6tpFlJ9QNqQtHEbsC0xvN3KxTOQcVB-TN/s581/22.%20Depend%C3%AAncia%20externa%20de%20energia.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="388" data-original-width="581" height="428" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLF-_xPNBksMVK3gU2mc8qCFqkuy1kYgPFN1Z_HPCSpZaoRIgT3eSgS3UMwUnmHKct_8tt7iWACuC_vHjJJZJAF3wDNaB4UGUliCN570cxPoenWwzfuqWWd1uZY-41vPHOEmKZYMh0Y0pDc0I8HQCkl9OVdMh6tpFlJ9QNqQtHEbsC0xvN3KxTOQcVB-TN/w640-h428/22.%20Depend%C3%AAncia%20externa%20de%20energia.png" width="640" /></a></b></div><b><br /></b><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) O aumento da dependência externa de
eletricidade, registrado a partir de 1985, resultou da entrada em operação de
hidrelétricas binacionais na região amazônica. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) Uma parcela cada vez maior do carvão
mineral usado no Brasil é importada, fato que vem agravando a dependência
externa de energia registrada pelo país. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) A partir de 2000, quando teve início
a exploração em larga escala das camadas pré-sal, o Brasil se tornou
autossuficiente em petróleo. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) Entre 1970 e 2000, o petróleo era
responsável por parcela significativa da dependência externa de energia. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">e) A diminuição da dependência externa
do petróleo resultou da transição brasileira para um modelo energético mais
sustentável e limpo. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">23.
(Uepa 2012) O uso de energia e de tecnologias modernas de uso final levou a
mudanças qualitativas na vida humana, proporcionando tanto o aumento da
produtividade econômica quanto do bem-estar da população. No entanto, para que
tal se concretize tem que ser observado de que forma o homem se apropria dos
recursos naturais geradores de energia para que essa apropriação não se
transforme em um ato de violência socioambiental. Nesse contexto é verdadeiro
afirmar que: </span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) no Brasil são modestos os recursos
naturais que podem ser apropriados para o fornecimento de energia, principalmente
a água, por isso a matriz energética brasileira é a termoeletricidade,
considerada uma forma limpa e não agressora ao meio ambiente. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) historicamente, o Brasil procurou
depender de recursos energéticos não agressivos ao meio ambiente, a exemplo do
urânio que é beneficiado para fins de produção de energia atômica de uso
doméstico. Este tipo de energia é produzido nas Usinas de Angra I e II no Rio
de Janeiro. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) o uso de combustíveis fósseis no
fornecimento de energia, a exemplo do Petróleo, tem aumentado no país devido
principalmente ao crescimento da frota de carros e a diminuição significativa
da produção de etanol obtido da cana-de-açúcar. Este último fato tem estreita
relação com a dizimação de canaviais no Nordeste brasileiro devido à propagação
de pragas agrícolas. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) a região Amazônica vive atualmente a
eminência da construção da Usina Hidrelétrica de Belo Monte, no Rio Xingu.
Impactos ambientais são de várias ordens e têm sido motivo de muitas
discussões, a exemplo da redução da vazão do rio, do processo de
desterritorialização de vários grupos indígenas e de perdas de parte da
floresta e de sua biodiversidade. Se o cenário da Hidrelétrica de Tucuruí
agregou violações de direito e desastre ambientais, em Belo Monte não será
diferente. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">e) apesar de ser comum a presença de
problemas ambientais e sociais em construções de hidrelétricas, a de Tucuruí
(Rio Tocantins) representou uma exceção, pois raros foram os problemas causados
com a sua construção. O único a acontecer, esteve ligado à saúde das mulheres,
uma vez que sua construção estimulou a imigração, a urbanização da região, e o
nível de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis aumentaram, especialmente, a
AIDS. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">24.
(Uel 2012) A força das águas tem viabilizado a construção de usinas
hidrelétricas de grande porte no Brasil, sendo Itaipu um exemplo. Com base nos
conhecimentos sobre desenvolvimento e a questão socioambiental, considere as
afirmativas a seguir. </span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 2pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">I. A retirada das populações das áreas
atingidas por construção de hidrelétricas tem produzido impactos sociais, como
o desenraizamento cultural. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">II. Itaipu é um exemplo da prioridade
dada à preservação dos habitats naturais no projeto nacional-desenvolvimentista
defendido pelos militares pós- 64. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">III. As incertezas sobre os impactos
ambientais com a construção de usinas hidrelétricas trouxeram, por
desdobramento, a formação de movimentos dos atingidos pelas barragens. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">IV. A construção de hidrelétricas
liga-se, também, à preocupação com a crise energética mundial prevista para as
próximas décadas. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 6pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Assinale
a alternativa correta. </span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><span style="font-family: Cambria;">a) Somente as afirmativas I e II são corretas. <br />b) Somente as afirmativas II e IV são corretas. <br />c) Somente as afirmativas III e IV são corretas. <br />d) Somente as afirmativas I, II e III são corretas. <br />e) Somente as afirmativas I, III e IV são corretas. </span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">25.
(Fuvest 2013) Os períodos do ano que oferecem as melhores condições para a
produção de energia hidrelétrica no Sudeste e energia eólica no Nordeste são
aqueles em que predominam, nessas regiões, respectivamente, </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEho4-TRRvmCSs9qtfj4bMlDSkEmXpQFgLxQLJnzG1tbhrJJfsnET8U5ChInfDQ0KntV4F2cXxxTtfjE1mvWDJqjItWDCPEVa-1wtBI5E-xCyJQYtraP11x2k2F5MdLKuDYCMMC-4kHQflEfhzFOSh-wZbk-3K0sNj5qNwee6diT_Ro1723yn5mZg2m0FNv_/s1589/25.%20M%C3%A9dias%20climatol%C3%B3gicas%20de%20precipta%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1589" data-original-width="726" height="1085" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEho4-TRRvmCSs9qtfj4bMlDSkEmXpQFgLxQLJnzG1tbhrJJfsnET8U5ChInfDQ0KntV4F2cXxxTtfjE1mvWDJqjItWDCPEVa-1wtBI5E-xCyJQYtraP11x2k2F5MdLKuDYCMMC-4kHQflEfhzFOSh-wZbk-3K0sNj5qNwee6diT_Ro1723yn5mZg2m0FNv_/w556-h1085/25.%20M%C3%A9dias%20climatol%C3%B3gicas%20de%20precipta%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" width="556" /></a></b></div><b><br /></b><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><v:shape id="Imagem_x0020_10" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" style="height: 596.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 272.25pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/jaugu/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image013.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><span style="font-family: Cambria;">a) primavera e verão. <br />b) verão e outono. <br />c) outono e inverno. <br />d) verão e inverno. <br />e) inverno e primavera. <br /></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">26.
(Unb 2012) A produção de combustíveis oriundos da biomassa faz parte das
políticas de governo de vários países, entre os quais se inclue o Brasil.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><b><br /></b></span><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0Bg9J1a6cqhkQpJPeEGdL7zbO2mxqglubq81ImOFuIVBnLSYttdp4luWV3UUR_J3yqMc3LqNCtTvAgk_4xrJiK0a005xrULo5a7AYb_X0Fnd-JOFnvOQr2gabGS-tiF_aSS7H74Rt-lFBQ0DbnWWWwxKCScGnokFYfWjE5QsfCvFxRfZ54nX4KZGuImAs/s246/26.%20Biomassa.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="246" data-original-width="183" height="246" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0Bg9J1a6cqhkQpJPeEGdL7zbO2mxqglubq81ImOFuIVBnLSYttdp4luWV3UUR_J3yqMc3LqNCtTvAgk_4xrJiK0a005xrULo5a7AYb_X0Fnd-JOFnvOQr2gabGS-tiF_aSS7H74Rt-lFBQ0DbnWWWwxKCScGnokFYfWjE5QsfCvFxRfZ54nX4KZGuImAs/s1600/26.%20Biomassa.png" width="183" /></a></b></div><b><br /></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><v:shape id="Imagem_x0020_11" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 184.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 137.25pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/jaugu/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image014.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">A
respeito desse tema, julgue os itens subsequentes. </span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) O aumento da produção de etanol no
Brasil tem reduzido a concentração da posse de terras e incentivado a
diversificação agrícola. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) No setor de transportes, o uso de
biocombustíveis tem sido considerado uma solução para a redução de gases de
efeito estufa, o que atende aos propósitos do Protocolo de Quioto. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) Atualmente, a agroindústria açucareira,
tal como ocorreu no período colonial, fornece matéria-prima energética e
promove a interiorização da população brasileira. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">A
sequência correta, de cima para baixo é:</span></b></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">F,F,F.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">V,F,F.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">V,V,V.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">F,V,F.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">e)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="background: white; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">F,V, V.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">
<b>27. (Fgv 2012) A energia eólica passou a ser utilizada de forma sistemática
para produção de eletricidade a partir da década de 1970, na Europa e depois
nos Estados Unidos. No Brasil, essa energia </b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) apresenta um forte potencial no
litoral nordestino. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) é largamente concentrada na
Amazônia. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) representa cerca de 10% da matriz
energética. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) tem maior produção concentrada no
Sudeste. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">e) concorre diretamente com fontes
tradicionais como o carvão.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">28.
(Upe 2013) "Brasil precisa de investimento em energia limpa". </span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 8pt;">16/02/2011
- Jornal Folha de São Paulo. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Sobre
o assunto tratado, é CORRETO afirmar que a(o) </span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) biomassa, também chamada de energia
renovável, é um tipo de energia limpa, desenvolvida por meio de plantações
energéticas, porém, mesmo quando é produzida de maneira sustentável, emite
grande quantidade de carbono na atmosfera. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) energia limpa é aquela que não emite
grande quantidade de poluentes para a atmosfera e é produzida com o uso de
recursos renováveis, a exemplo de biocombustíveis como a cana-de-açúcar e as
plantas oleaginosas que são fontes de energia originadas de produtos
vegetais. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) Bacia de Campos, no Brasil, possui
as maiores reservas de xisto betuminoso que é considerado uma fonte de energia
limpa renovável, não se esgota e pode ser aproveitado indefinidamente sem
causar grandes danos ecológicos. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) lenha, energia eólica e energia
solar, apesar de se constituírem em fontes de energia não renováveis, são
consideradas energias limpas e se destacam por suprirem a maior parte das
necessidades brasileiras de eletricidade e por apresentarem uma série de
vantagens ambientais. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">e) maior potencial de energia limpa no
Brasil está instalado na Bacia do Rio Paraná, onde se localizam grandes
reservas de gás natural, um biocombustível avançado de transformação geológica,
pois dele é possível se obterem hidrocarbonetos. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">29.
(Fuvest 2013) Grandes lagos artificiais de barragens, como o Nasser, no Rio
Nilo, o Three Gorges, na China, e o de Itaipu, no Brasil, resultantes do
represamento de rios, estão entre as obras de engenharia espalhadas pelo mundo,
com importantes efeitos socioambientais. </span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Acerca
dos efeitos socioambientais de grandes lagos de barragens, considere as
afirmações abaixo. </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">I. Enquanto no passado, grandes lagos
de barragem restringiam-se a áreas de planície, atualmente, graças a progressos
tecnológicos, situam-se, invariavelmente, em regiões planálticas, com
significativos desníveis topográficos. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">II. A abertura das comportas que
represam as águas dos lagos de barragens impede a ocorrência de processos de
sedimentação, assim como provoca grandes enchentes a montante. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">III. Frequentes desalojamentos de
pessoas para a implantação de lagos de barragens levaram ao surgimento, no
Brasil, do Movimento dos Atingidos por Barragens – MAB. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">IV. Por se constituírem como extensos
e, muitas vezes, profundos reservatórios de água, grandes lagos de barragens
provocam alterações microclimáticas nas suas proximidades. </span></p><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><br /><b>Está correto o que se afirma em <br /></b>a) I e II, apenas. <br />b) I, II e III, apenas. <br />c) II, III e IV, apenas. <br />d) III e IV, apenas. <br />e) I, II, III e IV.</span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">30. (ENEM 2013)
Empresa vai fornecer 230 turbinas para o segundo complexo de energia à base de
ventos, no sudeste da Bahia. O Complexo Eólico Alto Sertão, em 2014, terá capacidade
para gerar 375 MW (megawatts), total suficiente para abastecer uma cidade de 3
milhões de habitantes.</span></b></p><p align="right" style="margin: 0cm; text-align: right; vertical-align: baseline;"><sub><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">MATOS, C. GE
busca bons ventos e fecha contrato de R$ 820 mi na Bahia. Folha de S. Paulo, 2
dez. 2012.<o:p></o:p></span></sub></p><p style="margin: 0cm; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></p><p style="margin: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">A opção
tecnológica retratada na notícia proporciona a seguinte consequência para o
sistema energético brasileiro:</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><br />a) Redução da utilização elétrica.<br />b) Ampliação do uso bioenergético.<br />c) Expansão das fontes renováveis.<br />d) Contenção da demanda urbano-industrial.<br />e) Intensificação da dependência geotérmica.</span></p><p style="margin: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm; vertical-align: baseline;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.portaldovestibulando.com/2023/07/brasil-fontes-de-energia-gabarito.html" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="55" data-original-width="266" height="55" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPS9BllbFCMoTWA8k286xQx2PmvOA7hppxj8H3Shla61u-joKek2LKqEEc5ARCMU98wKNHCBJJbf3pyKuMWbfj4pd_2UdxiLQG7TS1OxognfPKnsyqHDBY7kadjBYajEluE6DbKNJbH7RNADJrzgtJWYZqdEcvFpsbhakHwjRhPPL924Rw5KTmMFsQRr3V/s1600/Gabarito.png" width="266" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/file/6ygxqk3pmr9e323/Geografia+-+Brasil+-+Fontes+de+Energia+-+Lista+de+Exercícios.pdf/file" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM_sHIIPVBIJum4XZVcQAanSenESg90XtTzhQazqpZicVGN8ei6u7TsAoawj-8HHi0msWecdRMD2wnI0munTYC2FQA7e-K7O4_KyMiqpAlo2FBzUVBL1SLJvqwefF35MO1Dbgie3bRguCbyco2GDDOBKmGX8wxZmUGH3y7k3nMxvHfaKz1Aq8nE-cPWmBT/s1600/Lista%20de%20exerc%C3%ADcios.png" width="275" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><br /></span><p></p><p></p>Portal do Vestibulandohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03466686065222700679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5538522159417475835.post-36544425003517261682023-06-29T07:01:00.000-04:002023-06-29T07:01:16.568-04:00Roma Antiga - Lista de Exercícios - Questões de Vestibulares e Concursos<p> </p><p><b style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">1.
(Ueg 2023) </span></b><b style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Leia o texto a seguir.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Uma
das coisas de que Augusto mais se orgulhava era o fato de ter transformado Roma
numa cidade de edifícios de mármore. Os romanos eram hábeis construtores e
engenheiros. Como em tudo que faziam, também na construção eram meticulosos.
Achavam que seu império duraria para sempre e o mesmo deveria acontecer com
suas edificações.</span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">GRANT, Neil. <i>As conquistas romanas</i>. São Paulo: Ática, 1999. p.
18.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Nas
províncias conquistadas por Roma, a maior parte do trabalho de construção de
muralhas e fortalezas era executado por </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">pedreiros e carpinteiros profissionais que acompanhavam as fileiras das
Legiões para executar serviços de engenharia de guerra. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">criminosos comuns condenados a realizar trabalhos forçados como forma de
evitar a pena de morte e suplícios públicos. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">prisioneiros de guerra capturados durante as campanhas de ocupação das
províncias da Gália e da Trácia. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">escravos trazidos da Itália em grandes comitivas, uma vez que já
possuíam experiência na dinâmica de trabalho e no estilo de construção romana. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">legionários, ensinados a considerar que o trabalho que realizavam com a
colher de pedreiro era tão importante quanto o que faziam com a espada. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">2.
(Mackenzie 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No natal do ano 800, Carlos Magno, rei dos Francos,
foi coroado Imperador do Ocidente pelo papa Leão III, em Roma. Dessa forma, o
papa reafirmava a autoridade da Igreja sobre os homens e declarava que todo poder
vinha de Deus. Mas a coroação de Carlos Magno também tinha um significado
político que era </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">garantir a unidade da Igreja e do império em torno do Imperador do
Ocidente, descredenciando o Império Bizantino. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">proteger a Europa continental contra a ameaça dos vikings que já estavam
em vias de se estabelecer na Normandia. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">impedir novas iniciativas expansionistas do Emirado de Córdoba, que
havia sido derrotado anos atrás na batalha de Poitiers. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">dar legitimidade à expansão dos territórios francos em relação aos
outros reinos germânicos também estabelecidos na Europa. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">combater a corrupção dentro da administração carolíngia com a
participação mais efetiva de integrantes do clero indicados pelo papa. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">3.
(Famerp 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Roma, surgida de uma união de povos, sabia conviver
com as diferenças e adotava, por vezes, uma engenhosa tática para evitar a
oposição e cooptar possíveis inimigos: incluir membros das elites dos povos
aliados na órbita romana, com a concessão de direitos totais ou parciais de
cidadania. Assim, havia povos que se aliavam aos romanos e seus governantes
tornavam-se seus amigos, enquanto outros lutavam e, ao perderem, eram
submetidos ao jugo romano.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Pedro Paulo Funari. <i>Grécia e Roma</i>, 2019.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
estratégia romana de absorção dos povos conquistados manifestava-se também </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">no poderio militar, que só foi derrotado pelos exércitos espartanos no
período da República romana. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">na instauração das cidades-estados, que assegurou a obediência dos povos
conquistados e incorporados pelos romanos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">na imposição de uma língua única, que era ensinada às crianças nas
escolas das áreas dominadas e nos territórios dos reinos aliados. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">no estabelecimento de um corpo jurídico unificado, que impedia o acesso
dos povos dominados à justiça e aos cargos públicos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">na flexibilidade religiosa, que permitiu aos romanos dominar povos tão
variados e espalhados por vasta área geográfica. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">4. (Unioeste 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Observe
atentamente o trecho abaixo:</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Às
portas de assenhorar-se de um império, Roma não tinha uma identidade definida.
A cidade era um amálgama confuso de romanos, italianos, estrangeiros, escravos
e libertos. A identidade romana teve que ser recriada para servir de parâmetro
para o Império. Nunca foi uma identidade étnica, nem monolítica, nem mesmo
imune à ação do tempo. Mas à época de Augusto houve um esforço consciente em
fixá-la dentro de certos parâmetros. Nesse processo de criação identitária,
teve um papel central a produção de uma cultura letrada latina.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">GUARINELLO, Norberto Luiz. <i>História Antiga</i>. São Paulo: Editora
Contexto, 2014, p. 143-144.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
respeito de autores que escreveram no período histórico do Império Romano,
assinale a alternativa CORRETA. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Na época do imperador Otávio Augusto, Virgílio foi um grande poeta épico
latino, sendo ele o responsável pela composição da obra <i>Eneida</i>, poema
que contava as origens heroicas do povo romano. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No campo da escrita histórica, Tito Lívio foi o destaque com a sua obra <i>História
da Guerra do</i> <i>Peloponeso</i>. Nela, detalhou em latim clássico como a
guerra entre os gregos e persas no século V a.C. possibilitou a fundação da
cidade de Roma. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Suetônio, biógrafo da época do Imperador Constantino, escreveu a obra <i>A
Vida dos Doze Césares</i>. Nela relatou como a religião cristã sempre foi
defendida pelos Imperadores romanos, a exemplo de Nero e Diocleciano. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Tácito escreveu a obra <i>Histórias</i> na época do sucessor de Otávio
Augusto, Vespasiano. Nela, contou em latim vulgar sobre os costumes do Egito
Antigo, dentro de uma perspectiva etnográfica e plural. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sêneca foi um autor versátil, nos deixando por escrito tragédias, cartas
e vários diálogos. Compondo na época do Imperador Teodósio, no século III d.C.,
todas as suas obras versaram sobre o tema das invasões bárbaras e queda do
Império Romano. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">5.
(Fcmscsp 2023) N</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o século IV depois de Jesus Cristo, a religião
cristã tornou-se preponderante no Império romano de Bizâncio. Em 391, o
imperador Teodósio I decretou o fechamento de todos os templos pagãos do
Império. No Egito, os fiéis dos antigos deuses e deusas do país eram
provavelmente pouco numerosos, mas o fechamento dos templos teve uma
consequência inesperada: a escrita hieroglífica, ainda viva até aquele momento,
deixou rapidamente de ser compreendida.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Jean Vercoutter. <i>A la recherche de L´Égypte oubliée</i>, 1986.
Adaptado.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As
ocorrências mencionadas no excerto </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">aboliram os conteúdos religiosos do conjunto das representações artísticas.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">tiveram consequências socioculturais limitadas às civilizações da
Antiguidade. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">implicaram transformações históricas com mudanças culturais profundas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">resultaram da imposição de uma unidade linguística aos territórios
conquistados. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">derivaram do cumprimento dos princípios bíblicos originais pelos chefes
de Estado. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">6. (Unesp 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Roma não era apenas o parente mais violento da
Grécia Clássica, não estava apenas comprometida com engenharia, eficiência
militar e absolutismo, enquanto os gregos haviam preferido a especulação
intelectual, o teatro e a democracia.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Mary Beard. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">SPQR: uma história da Roma antiga</i>. São Paulo, 2017. Adaptado.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O excerto critica os estereótipos de Roma e Grécia
antigas. Essa crítica justifica-se, pois </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
experiência democrática ateniense foi uma exceção, uma vez que a maioria das
cidades-Estado gregas desconhecia a democracia. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
filosofia grega derivou principalmente da tradição do pensamento metafísico
desenvolvido no Império Romano. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o teatro
dramático desenvolveu-se sobretudo no Império Romano, uma vez que na Grécia
estimulava-se prioritariamente a comédia. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">os
direitos de cidadania no Império Romano eram exercidos pelo conjunto da
população, por meio de ações políticas diretas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o
expansionismo imperialista romano foi diretamente determinado pelo exemplo da
militarização do cotidiano imposta nas cidades gregas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">7. (Upf 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Um dos doutores da Igreja Cristã escreveu:</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“Neste momento, Roma foi destruída sob os golpes da
invasão dos godos que o rei Alarido conduzia (410): foi um grande desastre. Os
adoradores de uma multidão de deuses falsos, que chamamos ordinariamente de
pagãos, esforçaram-se para atribuir esse desastre à religião cristã e
puseram-se a blasfemar contra o Deus verdadeiro.”<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Santo Agostinho, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Retratações</i>, II, 1)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Lendo esse excerto, pode-se concluir que: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Na visão
de muita gente, um dos motivos do enfraquecimento do Império Romano foi a
adoção do cristianismo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os
godos, um dos povos bárbaros que invadiram Roma, impuseram o cristianismo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O cristianismo sofreu um forte abalo, pois
foi desprezado pelos invasores. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Com as
invasões bárbaras, os deuses pagãos foram impostos nas regiões que eram
dominadas pelos romanos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Nas
regiões do Império que foram ocupadas pelos bárbaros, ocorreu um sincretismo
religioso entre o cristianismo e as religiões trazidas pelos invasores. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">8.
(Pucpr Medicina 2022) </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O pintor espanhol Francisco de Goya (1746-1828)
retratou o general Aníbal numa das mais estudadas passagens da história militar
mundial. Assinale a alternativa que resume CORRETAMENTE a importância histórica
de Aníbal e o contexto militar no qual atuou</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYweceL7BmBqC4KP8IJ2TEwgD25rgeBUGEX4vqmgMGSu1SK9NEpZNm71pDKWWZ9TQeNCTYWxN310-ytmYXS5GsfZwZxKjPV223G3Y4UhegA6O2J0J854ZRVSk9rB2615DVDaNCtunQGQm379fQIxl7qPslawXqgoV0jx9lCe_B4gs2Q3HV8n68wY0gz-iQ/s614/Goya.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="436" data-original-width="614" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYweceL7BmBqC4KP8IJ2TEwgD25rgeBUGEX4vqmgMGSu1SK9NEpZNm71pDKWWZ9TQeNCTYWxN310-ytmYXS5GsfZwZxKjPV223G3Y4UhegA6O2J0J854ZRVSk9rB2615DVDaNCtunQGQm379fQIxl7qPslawXqgoV0jx9lCe_B4gs2Q3HV8n68wY0gz-iQ/s16000/Goya.png" /></a></b></div><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">por
episódios como a passagem do exército cartaginês pelos Alpes durante a Segunda
Guerra Púnica (218 a.C. - 201 a.C.), Aníbal é considerado um dos maiores
estrategistas da história. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
crueldade de Aníbal durante a invasão de Roma na Primeira Guerra Púnica (264 e
241 a.C.) colocou o general cartaginês na galeria dos grandes tiranos da
Antiguidade. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o
emprego de novas técnicas de navegação e de guerra anfíbia por parte do
exército gaulês liderado por Aníbal na Guerras da Gália (58 a.C. - 51 a.C.) tornaram-no
um dos grandes nomes da guerra naval. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a tática
de “terra arrasada” utilizada pelo exército de Aníbal na defesa de Cartago
frente ao exército romano na Segunda Guerra Púnica (218 a.C. - 201 a.C.) é
utilizada até hoje nos conflitos terrestres, tal como na Guerra da Bósnia
(1992-1995). </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">após a
transposição dos Alpes pelo exército de Aníbal, toda a parte ocidental do
Mediterrâneo tornou-se domínio de Cartago e dos fenícios até a incorporação
deste território por Pompeu, o Grande, em 65 a. C. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">9. (Upe-ssa 1 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O Direito Romano é reconhecidamente uma das maiores
influências que a antiga cultura latina exerce no mundo contemporâneo. Dentre
as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Leis das XII Tábuas</i> (451-450
a.C.), a “fonte de todo direito público e privado” romano, algumas ainda são
aplicáveis à nossa sociedade, outras, não.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale a alternativa que apresenta uma lei
aplicável. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Não se
façam leis contra indivíduos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Não se
deve adicionar ouro a um defunto. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Não se
enterre ou incinere homem morto na cidade. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Que as
mulheres não arranhem as faces nem gritem em demasia! </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Se o pai
vendeu o filho três vezes, esse filho está livre do pátrio poder. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">10. (Unesp 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A conquista da Gália por Júlio César foi comparada,
com razão, a um genocídio, e criticada pelos próprios romanos da época, nesses
mesmos termos. Mas Roma se expandiu por um mundo de violência endêmica, de
focos rivais de poder apoiados por forças militares [...] e de mini-impérios.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Mary Beard. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">SPQR: uma história da Roma Antiga</i>, 2017.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Segundo o excerto, </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
brutalidade das ações militares era incentivada pelos senadores romanos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o
conceito de imperialismo foi criado a partir do expansionismo romano. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">os
romanos celebraram acriticamente a conquista de outros territórios. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
violência cotidiana era estimulada nos territórios ocupados pelos romanos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">os povos
dos territórios ocupados pelos romanos eram militarizados. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">11. (Fuvest 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A noção de ditadura variou ao longo da História e
dependeu das características políticas de cada sociedade.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A esse respeito, assinale a alternativa correta: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Na Roma
Antiga, durante o período republicano, a ditadura era uma magistratura de
caráter extraordinário, delimitada legalmente e estabelecida por um período
determinado, com uma finalidade definida. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Com o
golpe do 18 Brumário (1799), instaurou-se uma ditadura parlamentar na França,
sob o comando de Napoleão Bonaparte, cujo objetivo fundamental era reescrever a
Constituição francesa. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
ditadura militar brasileira, estabelecida em 1964, teve como característica o
poder exclusivo das Forças Armadas e o fechamento das instâncias parlamentares
durante toda a sua vigência. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
conceito da ditadura do proletariado foi elaborado por Karl Marx, defendido por
anarquistas e comunistas, e previa a instauração permanente de um regime
autoritário, como o da antiga União Soviética. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
ditadura nazista caracterizava-se por um complexo arranjo institucional baseado
na articulação política entre o Poder Executivo, as Forças Armadas, o
Parlamento alemão e os poderes legislativos municipais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">12. (Uece 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Atente para seguinte excerto:</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“[...] O ímã atrai o ferro, os vulcões entram em
erupções: fatos físicos onde alguma coisa se repete; a erupção do Vesúvio em
79: fato físico tratado como evento”.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">VEYNE, Paul. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Como se escreve a história</i>. 3. ed. Brasília: Editora UnB, 1995.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O motivo que faz da erupção do Vesúvio, no ano 79
da Era Cristã, um evento presente no registro histórico, ao contrário de tantas
outras erupções de vulcões que já ocorreram, é </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o fato
de ter causado grande impacto social, atingindo e alterando a vida de milhares
de pessoas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
localização do Vesúvio no Sul da Europa, na área do império romano, que faz
dele o mais relevante vulcão do mundo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o fato
de ter sido a única erupção registrada pelo homem durante o período histórico,
posterior à invenção da escrita. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">um equívoco
metodológico da produção da história, pois todos os acontecimentos devem ser
registrados. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">13. (Unicamp 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os aposentos comuns são aqueles aos quais o povo
pode ir, como os vestíbulos e pátios. Assim, magníficos vestíbulos, aposentos e
átrios não são necessários para as pessoas de fortuna comum, pois visitam, mas
não são visitados. As casas de banqueiros deveriam ser mais espaçosas e
vistosas, protegidas contra ladrões. Advogados e retóricos deveriam morar com
elegância. Para aqueles que ocupam cargos e magistraturas, deveriam ser feitos
vestíbulos reais, amplos e devidamente decorados com grandeza.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Adaptado de Vitrúvio, “Sobre a Arquitetura”,
em Pedro Paulo Funari, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Antiguidade
Clássica</i>. Campinas: Editora da Unicamp, 2003, p. 81.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O arquiteto romano Vitrúvio expressa, em seu texto
clássico sobre os princípios da Arquitetura, </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
naturalização das diferenças sociais impressas na vida material, já que as
habitações ditas comuns deveriam ser simples e as dos enriquecidos deveriam ser
espaçosas e vistosas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
resistência contra as diferenças sociais impressas na vida material, já que as
habitações de pessoas de fortuna comum, magistrados e funcionários públicos
deveriam ser iguais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
percepção das diferenças sociais durante todo o Império Romano, materializadas
nas habitações, e a busca por moradias mais belas e espaçosas para todos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
determinação em conservar as diferenças sociais no Império Romano, a partir de
políticas públicas de construção de moradias amplas para pessoas de fortuna
comum. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">14. (Unisc 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Em 2001, a Publifolha lançou dois livros de
história e filosofia política, “A Democracia” e “A República”, ambos do
filósofo Renato Janine Ribeiro. Em que pese serem duas publicações
independentes, os dois volumes estão estreitamente relacionados. Em “A
República”, Janine estabelece uma historicização do conceito a partir da
pintura abaixo:</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOmjD8Rg0WXe18jnAh345qolWkrTHoRP9XdK7NQK4KciVt5GTTMAHvb6_peW2vHq-soTZAtuFwC8QLHVfyuM8NjHj-J1f1N_4e3WMyPs1XSm9-D7gFSaDAuCXW1bX-yPt0HRquMYqxqoqVlBomlrTNMfxH2jrhZP342boi14oOdOsWdK5lewhxjnXRzyu4/s706/Litores%20levam%20Brutus%20ao%20C%C3%B4nsul.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="565" data-original-width="706" height="512" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOmjD8Rg0WXe18jnAh345qolWkrTHoRP9XdK7NQK4KciVt5GTTMAHvb6_peW2vHq-soTZAtuFwC8QLHVfyuM8NjHj-J1f1N_4e3WMyPs1XSm9-D7gFSaDAuCXW1bX-yPt0HRquMYqxqoqVlBomlrTNMfxH2jrhZP342boi14oOdOsWdK5lewhxjnXRzyu4/w640-h512/Litores%20levam%20Brutus%20ao%20C%C3%B4nsul.png" width="640" /></a></b></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O quadro é relacionado a um episódio da Roma
Antiga. Depois de expulso o último rei e proclamada a República, Brutus exercia
o poder executivo juntamente com outro cônsul eleito. Seus filhos, porém,
conspiraram para restaurar a dinastia dos Tarquínios, de origem etrusca e
externa à cidade. Depois de presos, o próprio pai os condena à morte. Na sua
função pública, não poderia agir de outro modo. No quadro, vemos ao fundo os
cadáveres com mulheres agonizando em sofrimento pela morte dos jovens. “No
primeiro plano, o cônsul, em silêncio, meditando – e, na sua forma discreta,
máscula, condensada, sentindo imensa dor”.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">RIBEIRO, R. J. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A República</i>. São Paulo: Publifolha, 2008. p. 8.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O que nos diz o quadro de Jacques Louis David em
relação ao conceito de República? </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Que a
família na Roma Antiga era patriarcal, ou seja, toda a autoridade era delegada
ao <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pater famíliae</i> que não poderia
aceitar nenhum tipo de conspiração. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Que a
conspiração era algo natural entre as famílias de poder na Roma Antiga e a
reação enérgica de Brutus reflete a necessidade de líderes com “pulso firme”
para manterem suas funções no sistema republicano. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Que o
bem público se sobrepõe ao privado, uma vez que por princípio deve-se levar ao
sacrifício as vantagens e até mesmo os afetos pessoais em prol do bem comum. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Que
Brutus, apesar de bom pai, tinha muito receio em ser vítima de algum golpe de
estado e</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> agiu de forma
desproporcional ao retirar a vida dos próprios filhos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Que
filhos, mulheres, parentes e amigos podem participar do universo público e da
tomada de decisões que constitui os princípios republicanos, mas jamais devem
conspirar contra o poder do <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">pater
famíliae</i>. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">15. (Unicamp 2020) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os imperadores romanos que reinaram no século II
administraram um vasto império. Eles se tornaram mais abertamente monárquicos e
dinásticos, particularmente fora de Roma, onde não precisavam se preocupar com
os humores do Senado. Emergiu uma corte itinerante que competia por influência.
Comunidades provinciais enviavam um embaixador atrás do outro para acompanhar o
imperador onde quer que ele pudesse estar. Poderiam encontrar Adriano às
margens do Nilo ou supervisionando a construção da grande muralha que cruzava o
norte da Britânia; ajudando a projetar seu templo de Vênus diante do Coliseu;
fazendo um discurso para soldados na África. O império era governado de onde o
imperador estivesse.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Adaptado de Greg Woolf, <i>Roma</i>. São Paulo:
Cultrix, 2017, p. 204.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A partir da leitura do texto, assinale a
alternativa correta. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
Senado, composto por notáveis, fazia oposição à centralização do poder do
Imperador e garantia a centralidade do governo em Roma e a democratização das
decisões governamentais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
Império romano foi marcado pelas disputas de poder entre o Imperador e o
Senado. Os conflitos entre eles acabaram por resultar na diminuição do poder do
Senado no que diz respeito à administração pública. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
Senado, composto por notáveis, apoiava a centralização do poder nas mãos do
Imperador. A nova estrutura política do Império permitia a mobilidade da
administração pública representada pelo Imperador. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
Império, governado por militares, opunha-se às comunidades provinciais. Isso
levou ao desaparecimento do Senado como instituição responsável pela
administração pública. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">16.
(Ufpr 2019) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Leia o trecho abaixo, escrito por Agostinho de
Hipona (354-430) em 410, sobre a devastação de Roma:</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Não,
irmãos, não nego o que ocorreu em Roma. Coisas horríveis nos são anunciadas:
devastação, incêndios, rapinas, mortes e tormentos de homens. É verdade.
Ouvimos muitos relatos, gememos e muito choramos por tudo isso, não podemos
consolar-nos ante tantas desgraças que se abateram sobre a cidade. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Santo Agostinho. <i>Sermão sobre a devastação de Roma</i>. Tradução de
Jean Lauand. Disponível em: <http://www.hottopos.com/mp5/agostinho
1.htm#_ftn2>. Acesso em 11 de agosto de 2018.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considerando os conhecimentos sobre
a história do Império Romano (27 a.C. – 476 d.C.) e as informações do trecho
acima, assinale a alternativa que situa o contexto histórico em que ocorreram
os problemas relatados sobre Roma e a sua consequência para o Império, entre os
séculos IV e V.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Trata-se do contexto das invasões dos povos visigodos, sendo uma das
causas do final do Império Romano do Oriente. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Trata-se do contexto dos saques de povos vândalos, sendo uma das causas
do final do Sacro Império Romano-Germânico.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Trata-se do contexto das pilhagens de povos ostrogodos, sendo uma das
causas do final do Império Bizantino.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Trata-se do contexto das incorporações de povos vikings, sendo uma das
causas do final do Sacro Império Romano do Oriente.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Trata-se do contexto das invasões de povos bárbaros, sendo uma das
causas do final do Império Romano do Ocidente.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">17.
(Famema 2019) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O problema das “origens” do feudalismo gerou
inúmeras polêmicas sobre o fim do Império Romano no Ocidente (século V) e o
surgimento das instituições feudais. Comumente, aceita-se a tese da junção de
formas sociais romanas e germânicas que, justapostas, engendrariam as bases da
sociedade feudal.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Outros
historiadores têm procurado ver na própria crise interna do império, particularmente
a partir do século III, as causas da decadência romana e sua fragilidade em
face dos bárbaros.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Francisco C. T. da Silva. <i>Sociedade feudal</i>, 1982. Adaptado.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As
origens do sistema feudal podem ser encontradas </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">no declínio da escravidão no Império Romano, o que originou nova forma
de trabalho, e na noção de fidelidade pessoal dos germanos.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">no fracasso da reforma agrária no Império Romano, o que intensificou as
guerras civis, e na concepção de poder divino dos germanos.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">na assimilação dos povos dominados, que se tornaram plenos cidadãos
romanos, e na ideia de propriedade privada dos germanos.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">no fortalecimento da autoridade imperial, que se sobrepôs ao Senado
romano, e na tradição das leis escritas dos povos germânicos.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">na crise dos minifúndios romanos, o que gerou intenso êxodo rural, e nas
relações escravistas típicas das comunidades germânicas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">18.
(Mackenzie 2019) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No processo histórico da Roma Antiga, a República,
como regime político foi substituída pelo Império. Sobre a ordem imperial, é
correto afirmar que a </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">concentração dos poderes na figura do imperador tranquilizava a classe
dos patrícios e senadores que concordavam com esse tipo de regime que, de
acordo com eles, seria o único capaz de sufocar a anarquia e as rebeliões de
escravos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">criação do império, obra elaborada pelo Primeiro e Segundo Triunvirato,
expressou o triunfo da vontade dos generais, para os quais o regime imperial
seria o tipo de governo ideal, para controlar a crise social do final da
República. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">base do império foi sustentada pelo poder dos camponeses romanos, nos
campos, e pela plebe nos centros urbanos, principais interessados na existência
de uma ordem que lhes assegurasse o domínio da terra e a permanência da prática
do pão e circo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">vitória da participação popular no cerne da vida política marcou,
profundamente, o novo regime político, diferente do que ocorreu tanto no
período monárquico, quanto no período republicano. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">crise econômica pelo qual Roma passava nos últimos anos da República,
decorrente das inúmeras derrotas militares enfrentadas pelos romanos e os
gastos despendidos para consolidar a conquista do Mediterrâneo, levaram o povo
a apoiar o novo regime. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">19.
(Fuvest 2019) </span></b><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(…)
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">o “arco do triunfo” é um fragmento de
muro que, embora isolado da muralha, tem a forma de uma porta da cidade. </span>(...)
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Os primeiros exemplos documentados são
estruturas do século II a.C., mas os principais arcos de triunfo são os do
Império, como os arcos de Tito, de Sétimo Severo ou de Constantino, todos no
foro romano, e todos de grande beleza pela elegância de suas proporções.<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">PEREIRA, J. R. A., <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Introdução à arquitetura. Das origens ao
século XXI</span></i>. Porto Alegre: Salvaterra, 2010, p. 81.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Dentre
os vários aspectos da arquitetura romana, destaca</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">‐</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">se a monumentalidade de
suas construções. A relação entre o “arco do triunfo” e a História de Roma está
baseada </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">no processo de formação da urbe romana e de edificação de entradas
defensivas contra invasões de povos considerados bárbaros.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">nas celebrações religiosas das divindades romanas vinculadas aos ritos
de fertilidade e aos seus ancestrais etruscos.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">nas celebrações das vitórias militares romanas que permitiram a expansão
territorial, a consolidação territorial e o estabelecimento do sistema
escravista.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">na edificação de monumentos comemorativos em memória das lutas dos
plebeus e do alargamento da cidadania romana.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">nos registros das perseguições ao cristianismo e da destruição de suas
edificações monásticas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">20.
(Espm 2019) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O ano de 509 a.C., uma
das datas mais importantes na história de Roma, marcou o fim da Monarquia e o
começo da República, a qual significou uma mudança radical na forma de governar
Roma. O governo passou a ser exercido pelos magistrados, pelo Senado e pelas
assembleias. Os magistrados detinham o poder executivo. A mais importante das
magistraturas era exercida por dois elementos que atuavam como os
representantes do conjunto dos cidadãos. Suas funções eram comandar o exército,
convocar o senado e presidir os cultos públicos. Eram os verdadeiros chefes da
República e deveriam atuar sempre de comum acordo. Nenhum deles podia tomar uma
decisão sem consultar o seu colega (o termo colega significa associado a
outro).<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Bárbara Pastor. <i>Breve História de la Antigua Roma: Monarquia y
República</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
texto deve ser relacionado a:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">pretores;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">questores;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">tribunos da plebe;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">cônsules;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ditadores. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">21.
(Famerp 2019) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Enquanto nas cidades o poder ficou nas mãos dos
bispos, nos campos, concentrou-se na dos grandes proprietários. O governo
romano perdeu força: já não era capaz de cobrar os impostos de maneira
eficiente, nem mesmo de pagar os exércitos. Em 476, o último imperador romano
foi deposto. Era o fim do Império Romano e do mundo antigo e o início de uma
nova era, a Idade Média.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Carlos
Augusto Ribeiro Machado. <i>Roma e seu império</i>, 2004. Adaptado.)</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
queda do Império Romano do Ocidente foi provocada, entre outros fatores, </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">pela fragilização do poder central, que gradualmente perdeu o controle
das províncias que compunham o Império. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">pelo declínio econômico das colônias asiáticas, que deixaram de fornecer
matérias-primas à capital do Império. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">pela hegemonia econômico-financeira da Igreja, que passou a combater
militarmente os imperadores pagãos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">pelo desenvolvimento militar dos impérios macedônio e persa, que se
tornaram rivais de Roma e a derrotaram. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">pelas invasões dos bárbaros, que saquearam o Império Romano e, assim,
facilitaram sua conquista pelos hunos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">22. (Upe-ssa 1 2016) </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDTBqvnkuWF-ms13o-6NyCXD3cHvJCDH-Uqipnr8xo3SzbihfsG0W4-MKRvRGC9EJGy46l3pAr4Mz_F354UqpRWnV1BQz18NLqlPN4_B-1KE8n737kLRoNKl668dPdiQ4XCaU7i73tSAmghyw1G4ta_do7gXRisPje105tBlkWdLIvcsgDNtFTFKMWWrfy/s736/22.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="630" data-original-width="736" height="548" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDTBqvnkuWF-ms13o-6NyCXD3cHvJCDH-Uqipnr8xo3SzbihfsG0W4-MKRvRGC9EJGy46l3pAr4Mz_F354UqpRWnV1BQz18NLqlPN4_B-1KE8n737kLRoNKl668dPdiQ4XCaU7i73tSAmghyw1G4ta_do7gXRisPje105tBlkWdLIvcsgDNtFTFKMWWrfy/w640-h548/22.png" width="640" /></a></b></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Essa é a imagem de um mosaico elaborado
na província romana da África, atuais Tunísia e Argélia, no séc. IV d.C. Ela
mostra um senhor de terras vândalo, povo germânico, que conquistara a região.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sobre essa imagem,
é CORRETO afirmar que</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) a presença do cavalo é uma clara inserção
germânica, pois os romanos não haviam domesticado o animal. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) a casa fortificada à esquerda é uma criação
germânica, resultado da necessidade de se proteger em território
recém-conquistado. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) a capa e as calças que o personagem usa são
tipicamente germânicas, adaptadas à vida sobre cavalos e diferentes das togas
romanas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) a arte do mosaico existia somente na África
do Norte, sendo desenvolvida pelos cartagineses séculos antes de
Cristo. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) a tecnologia para a montaria, como a sela e
os arreios, foi invenção germânica. Os romanos as
desconheciam. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">23. (IFCE 2016) “Consideremos
o significado da palavra república. Ela vem do latim <i>res publica</i>,
que quer dizer ‘coisa de todos’. Denomina, portanto, uma forma de governo em
que o Estado e o poder pertencem ao povo. No entanto, o que se observou na fase
inicial da república romana foi a instalação de uma organização política dominada
apenas pelos patrícios. Não houve a distribuição do poder entre todos, pois a
maioria da população, os plebeus, não tinha, inicialmente, o direito de
participar das decisões políticas. Isso gerou grandes conflitos.”</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span></p><span style="font-size: x-small;"><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">(COTRIM, Gilberto. História Global: Brasil e geral. Vol.1, 2ª ed.</span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">São Paulo: Saraiva, 2013. p. 124).</span></div></span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Por conta da situação acima mencionada,
os plebeus iniciaram uma longa luta em busca dos seus direitos, sobre a qual
é incorreto afirmar-se que</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) a “Lei das XII Tábuas”, ainda que
favorecesse os patrícios, serviu para dar clareza às normas e aos
costumes. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) a “Lei Canuleia” autorizava o casamento
entre patrícios e plebeus. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) o “Comício da Plebe” deu aos patrícios o
direito de decidirem pelos plebeus assuntos relativos aos interesses de
ambos. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) a “Eleição de Magistrados” deu aos plebeus
a condição de ascenderem, aos poucos, aos principais cargos
públicos. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) a proibição da escravização por dívidas fez
com que nenhum romano fosse mais escravizado por conta de dívidas existentes. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">24. (Upf 2015) Leia o
fragmento do documento a seguir, que trata da escravidão na Idade Antiga.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“Ao lidarmos com escravos, não
deveríamos permitir que fossem insolentes para conosco, nem deixá-los
totalmente sem controle. Aqueles cuja posição está mais próxima da dos homens
livres deveriam ser tratados com respeito; aqueles que são trabalhadores
deveriam receber mais comida. Já que o consumo de vinho também torna homens
livres insolentes [...], é claro que o vinho jamais deveria ser dado a
escravos, ou só muito raramente.”</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(ARISTOTELES, in: CARDOSO, Ciro
Flamarion. <i>O trabalho compulsório na antiguidade</i>. Rio de Janeiro:
Graal, 1984, p. 108)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sobre a escravidão na Antiguidade,
é correto afirmar:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) Esteve presente com igual importância
econômica em todas as sociedades mediterrâneas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) Foi restrita às cidades-estados da Grécia e
à Roma republicana e imperial. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Foi tão importante nas sociedades do Egito
e da Mesopotâmia quanto nas da Grécia e de Roma. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Foi marcante nas sociedades grega e romana
só a partir de um determinado estágio do desenvolvimento de ambas, quando
surgiu a propriedade privada. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) Era desconhecida nas chamadas sociedades
hidráulicas do Egito e da Mesopotâmia e entre os hebreus e
fenícios. </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">25. (Fatec 2015) Durante toda
a História, os homens criaram tecnologias, inclusive para proteger o corpo,
buscando atingir seus objetivos. Podemos ver um exemplo disso nas formações
militares desenvolvidas pelos romanos, chamadas de “tartaruga” ou “testudo”.
Nessas formações, a aproximação com o inimigo era facilitada por grandes
escudos empunhados à frente e acima do corpo pelos soldados, como podemos ver
na imagem apresentada.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEuRKoNFYphe3MYWAxgq5tFW2hQN5KudV_8kxxs41pk_sdlX6MjBxQRvl7cMvgEsQU-zDdw6YE4yPfFCrppPHfxh-gTASHR2KUwUu85AT4Ez4nqdAELp8fZl3lWLs5prlBkltnZu0O-q43o64wB23fxY3yMtK6ajEpSAi_fOlckyqaw2rpaiB4lZ7tz3vt/s667/Guerra.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="521" data-original-width="667" height="500" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEuRKoNFYphe3MYWAxgq5tFW2hQN5KudV_8kxxs41pk_sdlX6MjBxQRvl7cMvgEsQU-zDdw6YE4yPfFCrppPHfxh-gTASHR2KUwUu85AT4Ez4nqdAELp8fZl3lWLs5prlBkltnZu0O-q43o64wB23fxY3yMtK6ajEpSAi_fOlckyqaw2rpaiB4lZ7tz3vt/w640-h500/Guerra.png" width="640" /></a></b></div><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sobre o período da República Romana, em
que foram desenvolvidas as formações militares citadas, é correto afirmar que
ele foi caracterizado</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) pela expansão territorial, que levou ao
domínio de territórios na Europa e no Mediterrâneo. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) pelo governo dos grandes imperadores, que
centralizavam o poder em todo o território romano. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) pela predominância de Assembleias populares
e democráticas, conduzidas por senadores e magistrados. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) pelos conflitos entre plebeus e patrícios,
visando à libertação dos escravos de origem africana. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) pelos tratados de cooperação entre reis e
senadores, para evitar guerras contra os bárbaros germânicos. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">26. (IFSP 2014) A partir do século III,
o mundo romano havia cessado as guerras de conquista e reflexos negativos na
economia e na mão de obra já se faziam sentir. Entre essas dificuldades,
pode-se citar corretamente,</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) a inflação, causada pelos altos preços dos
alimentos, dada a baixa produtividade; o aumento no valor dos escravos, pela
escassez dessa mão de obra. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) a derrota romana nas guerras Púnicas que envolveram
Roma e Cartago; o êxodo romano causado pela miséria que se instalou em Roma
após essas guerras. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) os altos impostos instalados após a conquista da
Gália por Júlio César para que fosse aumentado o número das legiões; as
revoltas dos escravos, sendo a principal, a liderada por Espártacus.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) a deflação no preço dos alimentos pois os
romanos após as guerras de conquista, fizeram do Mediterrâneo o <i>mare
nostrum</i>, intensificando o comércio com o Oriente; esse comércio provocou
uma desvalorização nos produtos romanos. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) a escassez de alimentos no sul da Itália devido
às erupções do Vesúvio que causaram o soterramento da cidade de Pompeia; grande
emigração de romanos para o Oriente em busca de uma vida melhor. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">27. (Mackenzie 2014) O Mar Mediterrâneo
foi a maior de todas as vias de circulação romanas e dele resultou a formação
do Império Romano (27 a.C. a 476 d.C.). A respeito dessa importante conquista
para a civilização romana, assinale a alternativa correta.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) A eliminação da hegemonia cartaginesa sobre a
região além de permitir que Roma passasse a dominar o comércio mediterrâneo,
possibilitou aumentar o dinamismo próprio da estrutura escravista, que
necessitava de mão de obra decorrentes das conquistas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) Após a derrota romana nas Guerras Púnicas,
quando fenícios e cartagineses ocuparam o estreito de Gibraltar, a única saída
para dar continuidade ao processo de expansão foi a conquista do mar
Mediterrâneo. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) A explosão demográfica e os conflitos internos
com a plebe urbana exigiram medidas expansionistas por parte do governo, para
que se estabelecessem colônias romanas fora da península itálica a fim de
minimizar as tensões sociais. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) A necessidade de expansão do cristianismo, que a
partir do século IV, tornou-se a religião oficial do império romano, implicou
na divulgação dos princípios dessa nova doutrina para os povos bárbaros.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) A crescente produção de cereais, durante o
império romano, especialmente, o trigo, levou à expansão de suas fronteiras,
uma vez que era necessário ser escoado e vendido para as demais províncias
romanas. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">28. (Fgv 2014) O anfiteatro era,
para os romanos, parte de sua normalidade cotidiana, um lugar no qual
reafirmavam seus valores e sua concepção do “normal”. Nos anfiteatros eram expostos,
para serem supliciados, bárbaros vencidos, inimigos que se haviam insurgido
contra a ordem romana. Nos anfiteatros se supliciavam, também, bandidos e
marginais, como por vezes os cristãos, que eram jogados às feras e dados como
espetáculo, para o prazer de seus algozes ou daqueles que defendiam os valores
normais da sociedade.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Norberto Luiz Guarinello, A
normalidade da violência em Roma In http://
www2.uol.com.br/historiaviva/artigos/ a_normalidade_da_violencia_em_roma.html)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sobre as relações entre os cristãos e o
Estado Romano, é correto afirmar que</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) a violência durante a República Romana vitimou
os cristãos porque estes aceitaram a presença dos povos bárbaros dentro das
fronteiras romanas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) a prática do cristianismo foi tolerada em Roma desde
os primórdios dessa religião, e as ocorrências violentas podem ser consideradas
exceções. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) o cristianismo sofreu violenta perseguição no
Império Romano pela sua recusa em aceitar a divinização dos imperadores.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) a ação cristã foi consentida pelo poder romano,
e a violência contra a nova religião restringiu-se aos seus principais líderes.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) a intensa violência praticada contra os
seguidores do cristianismo ocorreu por um curto período, apenas durante os
primeiros anos da Monarquia Romana. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">29. (Ufg 2012) Leia o cartum a seguir.</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF6k-tjK5SpGKwmqaJfb9GTz_ZRr3XX8Cj9ES9gaSMTpuZu016pRhtuxq-nDXoNBlBKgCmlvJ8VZ-wzv56oQv_WI2X4GUzwCTiMHzvDEgzqnoyaHYLBggCC9nEgGghpqttc5AWqKovrrncDz_xuocbReiSYB0_Rz7LuxiB7bKzUU2im0ukCVJpb9ym579a/s643/29.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="308" data-original-width="643" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjF6k-tjK5SpGKwmqaJfb9GTz_ZRr3XX8Cj9ES9gaSMTpuZu016pRhtuxq-nDXoNBlBKgCmlvJ8VZ-wzv56oQv_WI2X4GUzwCTiMHzvDEgzqnoyaHYLBggCC9nEgGghpqttc5AWqKovrrncDz_xuocbReiSYB0_Rz7LuxiB7bKzUU2im0ukCVJpb9ym579a/w400-h192/29.png" width="400" /></a></b></div><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Imagem_x0020_6" o:spid="_x0000_i1027" style="height: 123.75pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 258pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/jaugu/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O cartum trata das relações entre o
Egito, na figura da rainha Cleópatra, e Roma, na representação do general Marco
Antônio, durante a crise da República romana. Ao elaborar uma visão contemporânea
dessas relações, o cartum remete a um contexto histórico, no qual se destacava</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) o domínio de Cleópatra sobre os generais
romanos, os quais lhe concediam primazia nas conquistas territoriais.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) a postura autoritária de Cleópatra, considerando
a ausência de legitimidade dos líderes do exército romano. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) a atuação de Cleópatra no Senado Romano,
administrando suas disputas internas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) o conhecimento militar de Cleópatra, rivalizando
com a política expansionista romana. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) a estratégia política de Cleópatra, objetivando
a ampliação dos seus territórios em prejuízo dos romanos. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">30. (Ufg 2006) Leia o texto a
seguir:</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0CjMZF1WjAygwi4Z0QkvGPJu8oD8JG3G_KSPWMNVEpYlM-XJh5-Dn3HqkeYrlZGqaROhcKdSdQwk8C-R0gocaq7Ru_2MjfwF9krxKMWY2K3UrVEJq0R4VIXToJQ-pv47nBFQFHomWZjLOGm1fNKLefdxNOI_mXD4stgosINfiMNgBIzpXP67McnE2vq_Q/s600/30.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="428" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0CjMZF1WjAygwi4Z0QkvGPJu8oD8JG3G_KSPWMNVEpYlM-XJh5-Dn3HqkeYrlZGqaROhcKdSdQwk8C-R0gocaq7Ru_2MjfwF9krxKMWY2K3UrVEJq0R4VIXToJQ-pv47nBFQFHomWZjLOGm1fNKLefdxNOI_mXD4stgosINfiMNgBIzpXP67McnE2vq_Q/s16000/30.png" /></a></b></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O texto oferece subsídios para a
compreensão do processo de</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) fixação de colônias romanas nas regiões conquistadas.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) cobrança dos tributos em escravos e em espécie
para Roma. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) expansão romana em direção ao Norte, no final do
período republicano. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) estabelecimento de alianças políticas de Roma
com os povos vencidos. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) fortalecimento do poder senatorial romano em
relação ao poder imperial. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">31. (Fatec) A expansão romana pelo Mar
Mediterrâneo gerou importantes transformações políticas, econômicas e
sociais. </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Dentre elas temos: </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) fortalecimento da família; desenvolvimento das
atividades agropastoris; grande afluxo de riquezas, provenientes das
conquistas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) aumento do trabalho livre; maior concentração
populacional nos campos e enriquecimento da elite patrícia. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) influência bastante grande da cultura grega;
domínio político dos plebeus; grande moralização dos costumes. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) fim do trabalho escravo; concentração da plebe
no campo; domínio político dos militares. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) grande número de escravos; predomínio do
comércio; êxodo rural, gerando o empobrecimento da plebe. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">32. (Fgv) O Edito de Milão (313), no
processo de desenvolvimento histórico de Roma, reveste-se de grande
significado, tendo em vista que </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) combateu a heresia ariana, acabando com a força
política dos bispados de Alexandria e Antioquia. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) tornou o cristianismo a religião oficial de todo
Império Romano, terminando com a concepção de rei-deus. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) acabou inteiramente com os cultos pagãos que
então dominavam a vida religiosa. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) deu prosseguimento à política de Deocleciano de
intenso combate à expansão do cristianismo. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) proclamou a liberdade do culto cristão passando
Constantino a ser o protetor da Igreja. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">33. (Fgv) Com a expansão do poder
romano [sob a República], tornou-se enorme a diferença entre a pequena cidade
nascida às margens do Tibre e a Roma todo-poderosa, agora senhora do
Mediterrâneo. A economia, a política, a vida social e religiosa dos romanos
passaram por profundas modificações. </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(José Jobson de A. Arruda e Nelson
Piletti, "Toda a História") </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Entre as modificações que se pode identificar
está </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) a prosperidade do conjunto da plebe, maior
beneficiária da ampliação do mercado consumidor em função das províncias
conquistadas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) a disseminação da pequena propriedade, com a
distribuição da terra conquistada aos legionários, maiores responsáveis pela
expansão. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) a crescente influência cultural dos povos
conquistados, em especial os gregos, alterando as práticas religiosas
romanas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) o enrijecimento moral de toda a sociedade, que
passou a não mais tolerar as bacanais - festas em honra ao deus Baco. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) a criação e consolidação do colonato como base
da economia romana e sua disseminação pelas margens do mar Mediterrâneo. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">34. (Fuvest) A expansão de Roma durante
a República, com o consequente domínio da bacia do Mediterrâneo, provocou
sensíveis transformações sociais e econômicas, dentre as quais: </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) marcado processo de industrialização, êxodo
urbano, endividamento do Estado. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) fortalecimento da classe plebeia, expansão da
pequena propriedade, propagação do cristianismo. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) crescimento da economia agropastoril,
intensificação das exportações, aumento do trabalho livre. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) enriquecimento do Estado romano, aparecimento de
uma poderosa classe de comerciantes, aumento do número de escravos. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) diminuição da produção nos latifúndios,
acentuado processo inflacionário, escassez de mão-de-obra escrava. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">35. (Mackenzie) Leia o texto: </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">"Os homens que combatem e morrem
pela Itália têm o ar, a luz e mais nada (...). Lutam e perecem para sustentar a
riqueza e o luxo de outro, mas embora sejam chamados senhores do mundo, não têm
um único torrão de terra que seja seu." </span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 7.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Tibério Graco - Perry Anderson,
Passagem da Antiguidade ao Feudalismo, pág. 60)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os irmãos Tibério e Caio Graco,
Tribunos da Plebe romana, pretendiam: </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) limitar a área de terras públicas (Ager
Publicus) ocupadas por particulares e distribuir as mesmas aos cidadãos
pobres. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) limitar a área de latifúndios e distribuir as
terras públicas aos Patrícios. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) limitar o direito de cidadania romana aos
habitantes do Lácio, Etrúria e Sabínia. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) limitar a excessiva expansão territorial
derivada de uma prolongada política de conquista e anexação de terras. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) limitar a expropriação dos latifúndios e
estabelecer propriedades coletivas. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">36. (Mackenzie) As Guerras Púnicas,
conflitos entre Roma e Cartago, no século II a.C., foram motivadas: </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) pela disputa pelo controle do comércio no Mar
Negro e posse das colônias gregas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) pelo controle das regiões da Trácia e Macedônia
e o monopólio do comércio no Mediterrâneo. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) pelo domínio da Sicília e disputa pelo controle
do comércio no Mar Mediterrâneo. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) pela divisão do Império Romano entre os generais
romanos e a submissão de Siracusa a Cartago. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) pelo conflito entre o mundo romano em expansão e
o mundo bárbaro persa. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">37. (Ufg) O governo da República romana
estava dividido em três corpos tão bem equilibrados em termos de direitos que
ninguém, mesmo sendo romano, poderia dizer, com certeza, se o governo era
aristocrático, democrático ou monárquico. Com efeito, a quem fixar a atenção no
poder dos cônsules a constituição romana parecerá monárquica; a quem fixá-la no
Senado ela mais parecerá aristocrática e a quem fixar no poder do povo ela
parecerá claramente democrática. </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(POLÍBIOS. "Historia".
Brasília: Ed. da UnB, 1985. Livro VI, 11. p. 333.) </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Políbios descreve a estrutura política
da República romana (509-27 a. C.), idealizando o equilíbrio entre os poderes.
Não obstante, a prática política republicana caracterizou- se pela </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) organização de uma burocracia nomeada a partir
de critérios censitários, isto é, de acordo com os rendimentos. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) manutenção do caráter oligárquico com a ordem
equestre dos "homens novos" assumindo cargos na administração e no
exército. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) adoção da medida democrática de concessão da cidadania
romana a todos os homens livres das províncias conquistadas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) administração de caráter monárquico com o poder
das assembleias baseado no controle do exército e da plebe. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) preservação do caráter aristocrático dos
patrícios que controlaram o Senado, a Assembleia centuriata e as
magistraturas. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">38. (Ufrn) Sidônio Apolinário,
aristocrata da Gália romana, escrevendo a um amigo, num período de grandes
transformações culturais, assim se expressou: </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O vosso amigo Eminêncio, honrado
senhor, entregou uma carta por vós ditada, admirável no estilo [...]. A língua
romana foi há muito tempo banida da Bélgica e do Reno; mas se o seu esplendor
sobreviveu de qualquer maneira, foi certamente convosco; a nossa jurisdição
entrou em decadência ao longo da fronteira, mas enquanto viverdes e
preservardes a vossa eloquência, a língua latina permanecerá inabalável. Ao
retribuir as vossas saudações o meu coração alegra-se dentro de mim por a nossa
cultura em desaparição ter deixado tais traços em vós [...]. </span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Apud PEDRERO-SÁNCHEZ, Maria Guadalupe.
"História da Idade Média: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">textos e testemunhas". São Paulo:
Editora UNESP, 2000. p. 42-43.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A opinião contida no fragmento da carta
está diretamente relacionada às </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) invasões dos territórios do Império Romano pelos
povos germânicos, provocando mudanças nas instituições imperiais. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) influências da cultura grega sobre a latina após
a conquista da Grécia pelos romanos e sua anexação ao Império. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) vitórias dos romanos sobre Cartago nas chamadas
Guerras Púnicas (264-146 a. C.), impondo a cultura do Império a todo o norte da
África. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) crises que se abateram sobre o Império Romano
depois do governo de Marco Aurélio (161-180 d. C.), quando o exército passou a
controlar o poder. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">39. (Ufv) A respeito das classes que
compunham a sociedade romana na Antiguidade, é CORRETO afirmar que:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) os "plebeus" podiam casar-se com
membros das famílias patrícias, forma pela qual conseguiam quitar suas
pendências de terra e dinheiro, conseguindo assim certa ascensão social. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) os "plebeus" compunham a classe
formada pelos camponeses, artesãos e alguns que conseguiam enriquecer-se por
meio do comércio, atividade que lhes era permitida.<b> </b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) os "clientes" eram estrangeiros
acolhidos pelos patrícios e transformados em escravos, quando sua conduta moral
não condizia com a de seus protetores. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) os "patrícios" foram igualados aos
plebeus, durante a democracia romana, quando da revolta dos clientes, que
lutaram contra a exclusão social da qual eram vítimas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) os "escravos" por dívida eram o
resultado da transformação de qualquer romano em propriedade de outrem, o que
ocorria para todos que violassem a obrigação de pagar os impostos que
sustentavam o Estado expansionista. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">40. (Unaerp) Na história de Roma, o
século III da era cristã é considerado o século das crises. Foi nesse período
que: </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) As tensões geradas pelas conquistas se
refletiram nas contendas políticas, criaram um clima de constantes agitações,
promovendo desordens nas cidades. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) O exército entrou em crise e deixou de ser o
exército de cidadãos proprietários de terras. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) O império romano começou a sofrer a terrível
crise do trabalho escravo, base principal de sua riqueza. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Os soldados perderam a confiança no Estado e
tornaram-se fiéis a seus generais partilhando com eles os espólios de
guerra. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) Os conflitos pela posse da terra geraram a
Guerra Civil. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">41. (CPS 2011) Os combates de
gladiadores surgiram no sul da Itália, chegaram a Roma no meio século III a.C.
e foram oficializados pelo Senado, em 105 a.C. Inicialmente realizados durante
as cerimônias fúnebres, pouco a pouco eles foram perdendo seu caráter sagrado e
se transformaram em manifestações laicas, no início da era cristã. Apesar de
escravos, os gladiadores eram esportistas de alto nível, pois cabia aos
promotores das lutas oferecerem um espetáculo de qualidade. Esses combates
representavam, para os gladiadores, cair nas graças da multidão, fato que os
levava à fama. </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Para conquistar o reconhecimento do
povo, cidadãos importantes, desde líderes locais até o próprio imperador,
ofereciam esses espetáculos ao público. </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O governo de Otávio Augusto (30 a.C.-
14 d.C.), visando aumentar a popularidade e diminuir as revoltas dos pobres da
cidade de Roma, ampliou a “política do pão e circo”. </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Revista História Viva, ano V, nº 56.
Adaptado) </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sobre esse momento da história romana,
é válido afirmar que </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) esses espetáculos públicos tinham um caráter
puramente religioso e evitavam as revoltas sociais, pois os romanos temiam
a ira de seus deuses. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) a “política do pão e circo”, no fim da era
cristã, manteve o caráter sagrado dos combates de gladiadores, pois muitos
desses participantes ofereciam sua vida ao deus cristão. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) a política do “pão e circo”, ampliada por Otávio
Augusto, pôs fim às desigualdades sociais entre patrícios e plebeus. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) os combates entre gladiadores, promovidos nos
estádios, serviam para diminuir a insatisfação popular contra os
governantes. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) as lutas de gladiadores surgiram no sul da
Itália para pôr fim a revoltas sociais ocorridas no governo de Otávio
Augusto, no século III a.C. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">42. (Ufpr 2011) O cristianismo católico
tornou-se religião oficial do Império Romano no ano de 380 d.C., data da edição
do famoso édito de Tessalônica, outorgado pelo Imperador Teodósio. Desde a sua
criação até este momento, a caminhada foi dura e difícil para os seguidores de
Cristo. Exemplo disso foram as perseguições movidas por alguns imperadores
romanos, eternizadas pelos relatos fantásticos e emotivos de vários escritores
e historiadores cristãos. </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Podemos apontar como principais causas
dessas perseguições:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) O ódio e a intolerância tanto das autoridades
como da população pagã do mundo romano, que viam na figura de Cristo e na comunidade
cristã uma ameaça ao poder do Imperador. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) A constante penetração de elementos cristãos
tanto nas filas do exército imperial romano como em cargos administrativos de
elevada importância, que poderiam servir de “mau exemplo” tanto em termos políticos
como ideológicos. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Aspectos de índole moral, na medida em que os
cristãos eram acusados pelos pagãos de realizarem orgias e assassinatos de
crianças em seus rituais. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) A associação entre os cristãos e os inimigos
bárbaros que punha em risco a estabilidade política e religiosa interna do
mundo imperial romano. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) A necessidade de oferecer à população de Roma
“pão e circo”, com os cristãos sendo sacrificados na arena do Coliseu para
minimizar a ameaça de revoltas populares contra as autoridades imperiais. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">43. (Ufal 2007) Considere a ilustração.</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYRYRvHZl_E0CPEd8_euY5YuQS4POqvjtey_RdPNnlS0QfEEoErw1lLDSit43cnaV7sXdpFJMjJV4WTtDU_vDm3z702xFhKJfFHqCtW5ovwUZjctcKeHLooie73tCLy1V4a6yZg5rKmn6cPfMGk2lrQGjXqpnosBWDjMhM2wnAJ5tn_y_p1YZB6zSxEgqs/s665/Gladiadores.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="528" data-original-width="665" height="254" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYRYRvHZl_E0CPEd8_euY5YuQS4POqvjtey_RdPNnlS0QfEEoErw1lLDSit43cnaV7sXdpFJMjJV4WTtDU_vDm3z702xFhKJfFHqCtW5ovwUZjctcKeHLooie73tCLy1V4a6yZg5rKmn6cPfMGk2lrQGjXqpnosBWDjMhM2wnAJ5tn_y_p1YZB6zSxEgqs/s320/Gladiadores.png" width="320" /></a></b></div><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Imagem_x0020_12" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 207.75pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 261.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/jaugu/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Durante muitos séculos, os antigos
romanos divertiram-se com a atuação dos gladiadores nos chamados espetáculos
públicos, que utilizavam diferentes tipos de armas, permitidas pelas autoridades
de Roma, como as que podem ser observadas na ilustração. Esses gladiadores eram
recrutados, principalmente, entre </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) homens poderosos da plebe. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) cidadãos da nobreza romana. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) servos dos latifúndios estatais. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) escravos das áreas dominadas.<b> </b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) heróis das conquistas romanas. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">44. Na Roma Antiga, a expressão
"até tu Brutus?" foi atribuída a Júlio César que, de acordo com
fontes históricas, a teria proferido no momento de seu assassinato, em 44 a.C.
Nesse contexto da história de Roma, Júlio César tornou-se conhecido
porque </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) iniciou o processo de expansão romana,
desencadeando as chamadas guerras púnicas, por meio das quais Roma se converteu
em potência marítima. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) criou o primeiro código escrito, denominado
"Leis das Doze Tábuas", que tratava de assuntos referentes ao Direito
Civil e ao Direito Penal. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) adquiriu grandes poderes e privilégios
especiais, como os títulos de ditador perpétuo e de censor vitalício,
suscitando lutas políticas pelo poder, sobretudo no Senado Romano.<b> </b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) contribuiu, com as suas leis abolicionistas,
para crise geral do escravismo romano, que abalou as atividades agrícolas de
todo o Império Romano. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) propôs à Assembleia Romana o seu projeto de
reforma agrária, limitando a ocupação de terras públicas aos cidadãos
romanos. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">45. (Fuvest) "A história da
Antiguidade Clássica é a história das cidades, porém, de cidades baseadas na
propriedade da terra e na agricultura." </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: x-small;">(K. Marx. "Formações econômicas pré-capitalistas.")</span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Em decorrência da frase de Marx, é
correto afirmar que </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) os comerciantes eram o setor urbano com maior
poder na Antiguidade, mas dependiam da produção agrícola. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) o comércio e as manufaturas eram atividades
desconhecidas nas cidades em torno do Mediterrâneo. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) as populações das cidades greco-romanas
dependiam da agricultura para a acumulação de riqueza monetária. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) a sociedade urbana greco-romana se caracterizava
pela ausência de diferenças sociais. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) os privilégios dos cidadãos das cidades gregas e
romanas se originavam da condição de proprietários rurais. <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.portaldovestibulando.com/2023/06/roma-antiga-lista-de-exercicios.html" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="55" data-original-width="266" height="55" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIbSL3RwTqDzuhGvY8AEZiL0TgO35CpDHRjwY7sM6kpjyFTbdcxk2P-6QVpVh7LHRuoq1zxPOXnZkmve8rCY9ll1_hvPZcYN24kWXWnhPvluPeXZ180-aeIuSPSPow56EabClDhhTUuZlNYbrSwa7zfqi1Xc23BCx_sG6Wkdk7c3pn_mvVTx9T757sw-l0/s1600/Gabarito.png" width="266" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/file/9frfld5dhtx28dz/Hist%25C3%25B3ria_-_Roma_Antiga.pdf/file" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSeKHkeOxJtZtWn3SyxmMA343s8c_-zDkyouSwW6pfT3ED1s-5TLpBI40-_ly0-rAaZuNLgWnHHvntoxMReAkRmtanaYS2bYIS0Ww9FM4Akz1ykf4pSymv-YXKmCD3bl_u4Zuoysm3LZsfQaD4a6Ec9Avvn5XxVRA8B7im4eH8qLyuREUz1dp577D8BIpY/s1600/Lista%20de%20exerc%C3%ADcios.png" width="275" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br />Portal do Vestibulandohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03466686065222700679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5538522159417475835.post-60635996599985238142023-06-29T06:04:00.001-04:002023-06-29T06:07:08.855-04:00Política, Ética e Corrupção - Lista de Exercícios - Questões de Vestibulares e Concursos<p><br /></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">1.
(Enem 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A categoria de refugiado carrega em si as noções de
transitoriedade, provisoriedade e temporalidade. Os refugiados situam-se entre
o país de origem e o país de destino. Ao transitarem entre os dois universos,
ocupam posição marginal, tanto em termos identitários – assentada na falta de
pertencimento pleno enquanto membros da comunidade receptora e nos vínculos
introjetados por códigos partilhados com a comunidade de origem – quanto em
termos jurídicos, ao deixarem de exercitar, ao menos em caráter temporário, o
status de cidadãos no país de origem e portar o status de refugiados no país
receptor.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">MOREIRA. J. B. Refugiados no Brasil: reflexões acerca do processo de
integração local. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">REMHU</i>. n. 43,
jul.-dez. 2014 (adaptado).</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 4pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
condição de transitoriedade dos refugiados no Brasil, conforme abordada no
texto, é provocada pela associação entre <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ascensão social e burocracia estatal. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">miscigenação étnica e limites fronteiriços. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">desqualificação profissional e ação policial. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">instabilidade financeira e crises econômicas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">desenraizamento cultural e insegurança legal. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">2.
(Enem PPL 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Com direitos civis, mas sem direitos políticos,
além das mulheres, milhões de camponeses iletrados, em sua maioria não brancos,
num contexto altamente racista e racializado, milhares de imigrantes
estrangeiros recém-chegados e de ex-escravos recém-libertos não deixaram,
apesar disso, de agir politicamente e de influir decisivamente no devir da
república em formação.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">MATTOS, H. A vida política. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">In: SCHWARCZ, L. M. (Org.). </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
abertura para o mundo:</span></i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> 1889-1930. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, 2012.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Um
meio pelo qual esses grupos exerceram a cidadania, nas primeiras décadas do
regime político mencionado, foi o(a) <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">prática do sufrágio livre e universal. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">programa de democratização do ensino. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">aliança de oligarquias partidárias estaduais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">irrupção de levantes populares espontâneos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">discurso de inspiração social-darwinista e eugenista. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">3.
(Uscs - Medicina 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os protestos que eclodiram em Cuba
em julho de 2021 deram destaque para o embargo comercial e econômico que os EUA
impuseram à ilha há seis décadas e que se mantém até hoje. O líder cubano,
Miguel Díaz-Canel, enfatizou o discurso de que os problemas do país têm origem
no bloqueio, reiteradamente condenado por organismos internacionais.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Mayara Paixão. www1.folha.uol.com.br, 22.07.2021.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Entre
as consequências do embargo em Cuba, destacam-se </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a ampliação das políticas democráticas e a redução do preço dos
alimentos em Cuba. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a asfixia financeira e o fim das exportações de mercadorias para a Ásia.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a manutenção do multilateralismo e a desvalorização do peso cubano. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a redução das sanções econômicas e a concentração de terras pelos
estadunidenses. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a insegurança comercial e o enfraquecimento da matriz tecnológica
cubana. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">4. (Uece 2022) </span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A hegemonia das classes dominantes nas sociedades modernas e
capitalistas, conforme sugere Gramsci, é reproduzida pelo Estado ou pelo que
este autor chama de “sociedade política”. Sociedade política, que é ideologia,
pois reproduz a moral comum e as relações sociais vigentes a fim de manter as
instituições que o modelo de sociedade predominante demanda. Em outros termos,
as classes dominantes propagam suas visões de mundo para todo o corpo social e,
assim, conseguem a manutenção hegemônica da estrutura de sociedade que as
beneficia.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Partindo da concepção de Gramsci sobre
hegemonia das classes dominantes, é correto afirmar que<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a dominação das classes capitalistas ocorre,
também, culturalmente, já que as classes dominadas estão sujeitas às visões
ideológicas dessas classes capitalistas.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a sociedade política possui dois </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">polos<span style="color: black;"> de dominação: os grupos privados, que formam a sociedade
civil, e os grupos políticos, que ocupam o Estado.</span> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a luta contra a hegemonia é exercida pelo grupo
dominante, em toda a sociedade e no Estado, através de um governo jurídico.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o Estado reproduz a contra hegemonia das lutas pela
dominação que se gesta de dentro da sociedade política entre as classes sociais
em conflito.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">5.
(Uscs - Medicina 2022)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNw4BUbau_g23fIdZixfVS8EHyloECiiN2GnBCqPbWwtUmhKyNSpWN-lVI0ek7ZmVUANf7QOOPSy9LQNVLqwVy7vzA5MtmYIL_Yjt6yZ2qrZyUqMLyD8UASMYU0iJD24CdxqEtJ671quZgzn7Rg_WaXJg8UwOS7OAjaCT7rC_irIbUUH_PDQj1DPt73112/s622/5.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="622" data-original-width="603" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNw4BUbau_g23fIdZixfVS8EHyloECiiN2GnBCqPbWwtUmhKyNSpWN-lVI0ek7ZmVUANf7QOOPSy9LQNVLqwVy7vzA5MtmYIL_Yjt6yZ2qrZyUqMLyD8UASMYU0iJD24CdxqEtJ671quZgzn7Rg_WaXJg8UwOS7OAjaCT7rC_irIbUUH_PDQj1DPt73112/s16000/5.png" /></a></b></div><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
comparação da imagem indica que, no contexto político, o Brasil<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">experimenta uma desigualdade menor entre os gêneros. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">apresenta obstáculos na efetivação de diretos igualitários.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">mantém equidade na representatividade entre homens e mulheres. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">dispõe de políticas públicas suficientes para sanar a desigualdade de
gênero. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">apresenta reduzida participação masculina nos cargos de tomada de
decisões. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 6pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">6.
(Ufms 2022 - Adaptada) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A Constituição Federal Brasileira
garantiu diversos direitos civis, políticos e sociais que se refletem em nossa
sociedade até os dias atuais. Assinale a alternativa que NÃO remete a um
direito social garantido pela Carta Magna de 1988. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os índios têm direito à preservação de sua organização social, costumes,
idiomas, crenças e tradições e a garantia sobre os direitos às terras que
tradicionalmente ocupam, competindo à União demarcá-las e protegê-las. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A educação é um direito de todos e um dever do Estado e da família,
visando ao desenvolvimento humano, seu preparo para o exercício da cidadania e
sua qualificação para o trabalho. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A saúde é um direito de todos e um dever do Estado, que deve garantir
políticas que reduzam o risco de doenças; o acesso universal e igualitário às
ações e aos serviços de saúde também estão garantidos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A tripartição entre os poderes está assegurada, sendo que estes devem
conviver de forma independente e harmônica, estabelecendo sempre o equilíbrio. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O meio ambiente é direito de todos, que devem viver em uma sociedade
sadia e ecologicamente equilibrada, impondo-se o exclusivo dever do Estado em preservá-lo.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">7.
(Unifor - Medicina 2022)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinTyTA8Qc14dwez55RA215robUgK30VV9MNTKm2aVK2pWIXASjvmz34HkwLMvehLhkFGCjKObm05BeVlPYnaiB2zoDZI-XOUCgRL7wJ3kK-xYtI41_muWjjmnK4jjxbZtU1o1uqAUzrufq9GPQAasq7UAGy2XHy_4g6a8fx3SYwjanpqtWNf9b2_JDuQXu/s801/7.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="801" data-original-width="605" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinTyTA8Qc14dwez55RA215robUgK30VV9MNTKm2aVK2pWIXASjvmz34HkwLMvehLhkFGCjKObm05BeVlPYnaiB2zoDZI-XOUCgRL7wJ3kK-xYtI41_muWjjmnK4jjxbZtU1o1uqAUzrufq9GPQAasq7UAGy2XHy_4g6a8fx3SYwjanpqtWNf9b2_JDuQXu/s16000/7.png" /></a></b></div><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Imagem_x0020_10" o:spid="_x0000_i1031" style="height: 261pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 203.25pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/jaugu/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Relacionando
as fotografias acima e o extremismo do grupo Talibã no Afeganistão, que
retornou ao poder após a retirada das tropas norte-americanas em agosto de
2021, analise as assertivas.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 8.5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I.
As fotografias sugerem uma crítica ao uso das vestimentas como forma de
expressão cultural e religiosa.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II.
Durante o comando talibã no Afeganistão nos anos 1990, as mulheres eram
proibidas de estudar, trabalhar e até de sair de casa desacompanhadas ou com rostos
descobertos. Mulheres vestidas em desacordo com as regras eram sujeitas a
açoitamento.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III.
Durante o comando talibã no Afeganistão nos anos 1990, mulheres acusadas de
adultério eram apedrejadas em execuções públicas. Meninas eram tiradas de suas
famílias e obrigadas a se casar com homens muito mais velhos. Maridos podiam
obrigar suas mulheres a fazer sexo, com permissão para matá-las de fome caso se
recusassem.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">IV.
Durante o comando talibã no Afeganistão nos anos 1990, também havia restrições
válidas para os homens: qualquer pessoa flagrada com livros proibidos poderia
ser executada; todas as pessoas com nomes não islâmicos deveriam mudar sua
identificação, passando a adotar nomes islâmicos; homens eram obrigados a usar
barba; o acesso à internet era proibido a todos.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">V.
Com base na experiência anterior do comando do talibã, a comunidade
internacional teme a violação de direitos humanos das mulheres e de outras
minorias sociais. Há o receio de que as mulheres se tornem, novamente,
essencialmente invisíveis na vida pública, (como sugerem as fotografias acima),
em função de uma interpretação extremista do Islã.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">É
correto a penas o que se afirma em </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I, II, III, IV e V. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I, II, IV e V. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II, III, IV e V. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I, II e III. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II, III e IV. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">8. (Uece 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Segundo
a Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) Contínua do Instituto
Brasileiro de Geografia Estatística (IBGE), o número de desempregados no ano de
2015 era de 8,5 milhões. Em 2017 foi sancionada a lei 13.467, lei da Reforma
Trabalhista, no governo Michel Temer (2016-2018) e defendida, à época, pelo
então ministro do Trabalho, Ronaldo Nogueira, como uma das medidas para
estimular e promover empregos e dar segurança jurídica aos empregadores. No
entanto, no ano de 2020, o desemprego atingiu a marca de 13,4 milhões de
pessoas no país (PNAD Contínua). Na prática, a Reforma Trabalhista modificou a
Consolidação das Leis Trabalhistas (CLT) no Brasil e trouxe uma série de
mudanças para os direitos dos trabalhadores e para as obrigações das empresas.
Dentre as modificações estão a não obrigatoriedade do imposto sindical para os
trabalhadores, contratos de trabalho intermitentes e regulação do contrato de
trabalhadores autônomos sem a necessidade de vínculo empregatício e, com isto,
sem quaisquer contribuições obrigatórias e deveres legais por parte das
empresas contratantes.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considerando os impactos dessa Reforma Trabalhista,
é correto afirmar que <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">aumentou a capacidade de mobilização coletiva e organizada dos
trabalhadores para o bem de seus interesses. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">as novas regras sancionadas estimularam o crescimento vertiginoso do
emprego formal e com carteira assinada nos últimos anos no Brasil. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">as empresas foram prejudicadas nos seus resultados financeiros desde que
o trabalho intermitente se tornou o modelo vigente nas contratações. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a notória consequência da reforma trabalhista de 2017 foi a proliferação
de atividades autônomas, como a dos trabalhadores de aplicativos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">9.
(Fuvest 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No cerne da ideologia Bannon há uma série de
contrastes extraordinariamente simplificadores entre bom e mau, sagrado e profano.
Essa série semiótica cria perigosos outros, cuja existência contínua ameaça a
boa gente que constitui o que Bannon descreve como a “verdadeira América” (...).
Numa ordem social democrática, o conflito entre oponentes partidários é
agonístico, não antagonístico. Bannon vê de outra forma. Não há espaço para a
cortesia em seu universo (...).<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Jeffrey Alexander. “Vociferando contra o iluminismo: A ideologia de
Steve Bannon”. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sociologia &
Antropologia</i>, vol. 08, n. 3, set-dez, 2018.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
antagonismo é a luta entre inimigos, enquanto o agonismo representa a luta
entre adversários. (...) o propósito da política democrática é transformar
antagonismo em agonismo. Isso demanda oferecer canais por meio dos quais às
paixões coletivas serão dados mecanismos de expressarem-se sobre questões que,
ainda que permitindo possibilidade suficiente de identificação, não construirão
o opositor como inimigo, mas como adversário.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Chantal Mouffe. “Por um modelo agonístico de democracia”. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Revista de Sociologia e Política</i>,
Curitiba, n. 25, nov. 2005, p. 11-23.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
primeira citação foi retirada de um texto em que o sociólogo Jeffrey Alexander
desenvolve o que compreende ser a ideologia de Steve Bannon, assessor do
ex-presidente norteamericano Donald Trump. A segunda citação foi extraída de um
artigo em que a cientista política Chantal Mouffe desenvolve a noção de
“pluralismo agonístico”. A partir da perspectiva apresentada nas citações, é
correto afirmar que a ideologia de Steve Bannon <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">defende uma ordem social agonística baseada na divisão entre grupos e
nos conflitos entre inimigos políticos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">sustenta uma ordem social baseada em consensos e que não admite
conflitos entre adversários. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">defende a possibilidade de conflitos entre adversários, mas não admite a
lógica antagonística da aniquilação e exclusão do inimigo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">defende uma ordem social dividida entre bom e mal e que transforma o
antagonismo em agonismo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">sustenta uma ordem social antagonística fundada na divisão da sociedade
entre lados opostos que devem ser entendidos como inimigos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">10.
(Ufu 2018)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiY0aEQBTDVJNWogjVCU-wUSGIXab88LFRztbkg0FMWFjSoTxqPYgQEy4AvlIA3OasL22BsKNwLkk82iFdUvpOyChFblc6Fl9m4fTeK0NBjVNkJIk6WEHle9N1WEcFfAxQG8cOYQ5iXUpTx-dyZGyAJyGAr-6YPQf5Cnfgsm1ZmvXAPFePadh11eTtuigbB/s542/10.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="436" data-original-width="542" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiY0aEQBTDVJNWogjVCU-wUSGIXab88LFRztbkg0FMWFjSoTxqPYgQEy4AvlIA3OasL22BsKNwLkk82iFdUvpOyChFblc6Fl9m4fTeK0NBjVNkJIk6WEHle9N1WEcFfAxQG8cOYQ5iXUpTx-dyZGyAJyGAr-6YPQf5Cnfgsm1ZmvXAPFePadh11eTtuigbB/s16000/10.png" /></a></b></div><b> <o:p></o:p></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Imagem_x0020_11" o:spid="_x0000_i1030" style="height: 161.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 201.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/jaugu/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><b><span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
charge de Ivan Cabral denuncia um problema social que pode ser compreendido
como uma forma de dominação.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale
a alternativa cujos conceitos definem corretamente a relação apresentada. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Clientelismo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Dominação legal. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Nepotismo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Coronelismo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">11. (Unesp 2016) Sob o ponto
de vista individual, a corrupção pode ser vista como uma escolha racional,
baseada em uma ponderação dos custos e dos benefícios dos comportamentos
honesto e corrupto. No tocante às empresas, punir apenas as pessoas, ignorando
as entidades, implica adotar, nesse âmbito, a teoria da maçã podre, como se a
corrupção fosse um vício dos indivíduos que as praticaram no seio empresarial.
O que constatamos é bem diferente disso. A corrupção era, para as empresas
envolvidas na operação Lava Jato, um modelo de negócio que majorava o lucro em
benefício de todos.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Entrevista com Deltan Martinazzo
Dallagnol [procurador público].<i>O Estado de S.Paulo</i>, 18.03.2015.
Adaptado.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A corrupção é abordada no texto como um
problema que pode ser explicado sob um ponto de vista</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) ético, devido ao comportamento
irracionalista que é assumido pelos indivíduos. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) moral, pois o fenômeno é abordado como
resultado de comportamentos desregrados. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) pragmático, pois é considerada, sobretudo,
a avaliação dos efeitos práticos das ações. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) jurídico, pois é necessária uma legislação
mais rigorosa para coibir o fenômeno <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) materialista, pois suas causas
relacionam-se com a estrutura do sistema capitalista. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">12. (Udesc 2015) Visualize
com atenção a imagem do chargista Latuff, e analise as proposições.</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiikQ4QAV_i7DwLNzVYV5CNhW12SEdanZX7cIyd7SW3UCW-jUHjqZbFXrFTvNnUMLu_c_fSa5WzMcWycSlEH2LJHfyOn4aEmqPG_vkGlgi6c8jeyi-BUwUrTY2I50tUNliaNdJ8R3Zn6quH2fmSMj6PZkx3-YSV4htHNpwtKdjHWx6N5y6sRCHei0PsVed/s656/12.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="419" data-original-width="656" height="204" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiikQ4QAV_i7DwLNzVYV5CNhW12SEdanZX7cIyd7SW3UCW-jUHjqZbFXrFTvNnUMLu_c_fSa5WzMcWycSlEH2LJHfyOn4aEmqPG_vkGlgi6c8jeyi-BUwUrTY2I50tUNliaNdJ8R3Zn6quH2fmSMj6PZkx3-YSV4htHNpwtKdjHWx6N5y6sRCHei0PsVed/s320/12.png" width="320" /></a></b></div><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Imagem_x0020_12" o:spid="_x0000_i1029" style="height: 155.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 243pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/jaugu/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I. A igualdade de forças entre os dois personagens
da imagem está bem demarcada pela enxada na mão da mulher e a arma de fogo
apontada pelo jagunço.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II. A presença da balança na mão do atirador
representa de que lado a justiça pende diante dos confrontos entre latifundiários
e movimentos sociais de luta pela terra.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III. A presença feminina, na charge, faz jus à
histórica participação das mulheres nos movimentos sociais de ocupação pela
terra.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">IV. A justiça está representada com uma venda no
olho, indicando sua imparcialidade diante dos problemas de disputas de terra no
Brasil; ela atua sempre do lado da legalidade, nesse caso, a favor da
concentração de riqueza e de propriedade nas mãos de uns poucos.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">V. O chapéu representando o latifúndio simboliza os
movimentos sociais que incluíram a questão da terra como pauta de luta.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale a alternativa correta.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) Somente as afirmativas II e III são
verdadeiras. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) Todas as afirmativas são
verdadeiras. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Somente as afirmativas I e IV são
verdadeiras. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Somente as afirmativas II, III e V são
verdadeiras. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) Somente as afirmativas I, II e V são
verdadeiras. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">13.
(Interbits 2017) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Brasil vive momento de 'anomia', diz FHC</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
ex-presidente Fernando Henrique Cardoso acredita que o Brasil vive um "momento
de anomia" - estado que se caracteriza pela ausência de regras - e que é
preciso "botar ordem na casa". "Há falta de sentido de
organização e autoridade. Em toda a parte”. Questionado sobre o que faria se
estivesse no lugar do presidente Michel Temer, FHC disse que "a essa
altura, estaria considerando o futuro do Brasil e pensando bem: será que
eu tenho condições de governar?". Na sequência, o tucano foi perguntado
quanto tempo levaria para fazer essa reflexão. "Não muito. As coisas vão
variar com muita velocidade, vão se mover com muita rapidez, eu acho. Sem
julgar, mas em termos das condições do Brasil, estamos passando por um momento
de... Vou falar em sociologuês, mas é simples... De anomia."<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">NUCCI, João Paulo. Brasil vive momento de
‘anomia’, diz FHC. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">O Estado de S.Paulo</i>.
22 mai. 2017. Disponível em: <</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">h<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">ttp://politica.estadao.com.br> Acesso em
25 mai. 2017.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considerando
o contexto político apresentado na notícia acima, assinale a alternativa que
apresenta, de forma correta, uma interpretação sociológica do contexto
brasileiro.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O Brasil vive em uma anomia pela pobreza e desnutrição de sua
população.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Ao utilizar o conceito de anomia, Fernando Henrique Cardoso faz
referência a uma corrente de pensamento sociológico que tem origem no
positivismo de Auguste Comte, que valoriza ideais como a ordem e o progresso. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Fernando Henrique Cardoso é um ex-presidente do Brasil, do PSDB. Sua
análise da política tem como objetivo evitar que Lula chegue ao poder nas
próximas eleições.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Há uma clara intenção do ex-presidente de criticar o atual presidente,
Michel Temer. Assim, Fernando Henrique demonstra que seu objeto é assumir o
país através de eleições indiretas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Ao criticar a governabilidade de Michel Temer e defender o sentido de
organização e autoridade, FHC demonstra que tem uma visão política baseada nas
ideias de John Locke, ou seja, de que o homem é naturalmente livre. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">14. (Uel 2011) Observe a charge.</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPxbwlRlghSdaSOR_lt4evSnq8KJFccUBTxCWd4GhCKR5SalQO2CXYUjjgLtLZhepGY9EwYsR4747XtaxN_8l7Qyjvh0EplNvYR91Khn8CuDjz2EUB0DP1vt-d6UQdTpq9ys1nZC5LV-OyPf11cu7IUHNwduNCNCTdtNhExdXdo6P6BCkMXg7oRn2O6Y7D/s782/14.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="782" data-original-width="617" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPxbwlRlghSdaSOR_lt4evSnq8KJFccUBTxCWd4GhCKR5SalQO2CXYUjjgLtLZhepGY9EwYsR4747XtaxN_8l7Qyjvh0EplNvYR91Khn8CuDjz2EUB0DP1vt-d6UQdTpq9ys1nZC5LV-OyPf11cu7IUHNwduNCNCTdtNhExdXdo6P6BCkMXg7oRn2O6Y7D/s16000/14.png" /></a></b></div><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Imagem_x0020_13" o:spid="_x0000_i1028" style="height: 219.75pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 173.25pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/jaugu/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A charge remete à prática política
recorrente no Brasil, a qual vem sendo combatida pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A prática central assinalada na charge
é definida como: </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) Clientelismo, uma vez que remete ao voto de
cabresto do candidato em relação ao eleitor. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) Fisiologismo, isto é, a mudança de partido
realizada pelo candidato, a cada eleição. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Populismo, resultante da presença, na cena
pública, de líder carismático e conservador. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Nepotismo, por tratar do uso da máquina pública
para empregar parentes. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) Solidarismo, por reforçar a necessidade de todos
se ajudarem em defesa da cidadania plena.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">15. (Unesp 2012) O psicólogo Drew
Westen mostrou que, na política, emoções falam mais alto que a lógica. Ele
monitorou os cérebros de militantes partidários enquanto viam seus candidatos
favoritos caindo em contradição. Como previsto, eles não tiveram dificuldade
para perceber a incongruência do “inimigo”, mas foram bem menos críticos em
relação ao “aliado”. Segundo Westen, quando confrontados com informações
ameaçadoras às nossas convicções políticas, redes de neurônios associadas ao
estresse são ativadas. O cérebro percebe o conflito e tenta desligar a emoção
negativa. Circuitos encarregados de regular emoções recrutam, então, crenças
capazes de eliminar o estresse. A contradição é apenas fracamente percebida.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Hélio Schwartsman. Folha de S.Paulo,
07.02.2012.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A tese exposta no texto expõe uma
dificuldade em compreender a contradição entre convicções pessoais e fatos
objetivos. De acordo com o texto, essa contradição está relacionada </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) à capacidade da razão de prevalecer sobre
interferências de natureza emocional. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) às fortes tendências de manipulação do noticiário
político pelos meios de comunicação. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) a estados patológicos que dificultam a tarefa de
compreensão racional da realidade. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) a mecanismos neurológicos de proteção contra
ideias e emoções ameaçadoras. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) à defasagem entre valores éticos e interesses
pessoais no campo político e partidário. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">16. (Unisc 2012) Em 2006, o IBOPE
divulgou uma pesquisa acerca da opinião do eleitor brasileiro sobre corrupção e
ética, com o objetivo de tentar entender se os problemas éticos enfrentados
pela sociedade brasileira estão concentrados nos “políticos” ou se há uma
cultura na sociedade que avaliza a corrupção. Foram apresentados aos
pesquisados 13 atos de corrupção, incluindo: dar uma “gorjeta” para se livrar
de uma multa, sonegar impostos, receber benefícios do governo sabendo que não
tem direito a eles, adquirir documentos falsos para obter algum tipo de
vantagem, pedir mais de um recibo por um mesmo procedimento médico para obter
mais reembolso do plano de saúde, comprar produtos que copiam os originais de marcas
famosas, sabendo que são piratas ou falsificados, fazer ligação clandestina ou
“gato” de TV a cabo do vizinho, entre outros. Os resultados mostraram que 69%
dos eleitores brasileiros já transgrediram alguma lei ou descumpriram alguma
regra contratual de forma consciente e intencional, para adquirir ganhos
materiais, sendo que 75% afirmaram que cometeriam algum dos 13 atos de
corrupção avaliados pelo estudo se tivessem oportunidade. </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Fonte: http://reinehr.org/sociedade/saude-dasociedade/corrupcao-na-politica-eleitor-vitima-ou-cumplice</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Indique a alternativa que está amparada
no texto acima. </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) São as oportunidades proporcionadas pelos cargos
públicos que levam o político a se corromper. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) Os políticos são os responsáveis pela corrupção
ao estimular a sonegação de impostos. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) A concordância de muitos cidadãos com atos de
corrupção dificulta o combate à corrupção política. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) As pessoas corruptas já nascem corruptas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) Os políticos corruptos já nascem
corruptos. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">17. (Uema 2012) A questão da corrupção
está em evidência e aumenta o desencanto com a política. Considerada como um
dos maiores males da democracia, suas consequências são nefastas. Shakespeare,
em “Medida por medida”, destacou essa problemática, conforme o fragmento
abaixo: Uma coisa é ser tentado e outra coisa é cair em tentação. Não posso
negar que não se encontre num júri, examinando a vida de um prisioneiro, um ou
dois ladrões, entre os jurados, mais culpados do que o próprio homem que estão
julgando. A Justiça só se apodera daquilo que descobre. Que importa as leis que
ladrões condenem ladrões?</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">SHAKESPEARE, W. Comédias e sonetos. São
Paulo: Círculo do Livro, 1994.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale a alternativa que expressa o
sentido da corrupção política. </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) Uso do poder público para proveito, promoção ou
prestígio particular, ou em benefício de um grupo ou classe, constituindo
violação da lei ou de padrões de elevada conduta moral. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) Utilização da violência nua para impor autoridade
e auferir benefícios particulares. As vantagens obtidas se apoiam no poder dos
dominantes e no uso da arbitrariedade. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Fenômeno político baseado na capacidade
simbólica de exercer ascendência sobre os outros, utilizando expressivamente a
coação. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Fenômeno que coloca todos em nível de igualdade
– vendedores e compradores – com a finalidade de promover a troca de bens serve
de elemento regulador das relações entre os indivíduos. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) Fenômeno político que induz a um benefício ou
direito desfrutado por indivíduos, partilhado pela generalidade das
pessoas. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">18. (Unesp 2012) A convite da
Confederação Nacional de Seguros, instituição privada, ministros do STF
(Supremo Tribunal Federal), do STJ (Superior Tribunal de Justiça) e do TST
(Tribunal Superior do Trabalho) participaram de seminário em hotel de luxo no
Guarujá (SP), no início de outubro. O evento, que aconteceu num hotel cinco
estrelas, começou numa quinta-feira e prolongou-se até domingo. No período, as
diárias variavam de R$ 688,00 a R$ 8.668,00. Além dos ministros,
desembargadores e juízes de tribunais estaduais participaram do seminário.
Foram discutidos assuntos de interesse dos anfitriões, como o julgamento de
processos sobre previdência complementar e a boa-fé nos contratos de seguros.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Folha de S.Paulo, 14.11.2011.
Adaptado.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A relevância jornalística do fato
retratado pode ser relacionada a questões </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) técnicas, associadas aos processos jurídicos em
questão. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) éticas, associadas ao comprometimento da
neutralidade jurídica. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) políticas, que envolvem a escolha da cidade do
Guarujá. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) econômicas, derivadas da diferença de preço
entre as diárias. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) burocráticas, na relação entre o estado e o
capital privado. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">19. (Unisc 2012) No fragmento de texto
abaixo, um importante jornalista da atualidade no Brasil, Luis Nassif, comenta,
em seu blog, a relação entre dois fenômenos importantes que explicam, em muito,
as situações que resultam em atraso do desenvolvimento brasileiro e controle
político por parte das elites nacionais. Para fins de interpretação, resta
comentar que o autor tece, na passagem, uma crítica direta a um meio de
comunicação presente em muitos dos estados brasileiros. Vejamos:</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><i>“No discurso, seus analistas ignoram
completamente as limitações do federalismo brasileiro, a política de alianças –
que garante a governabilidade –, a necessidade de pragmatismo político. Dividem
o Brasil entre o supostamente país moderno (dos quais ELES são porta-vozes) e o
Brasil anacrônico, dos Sarneys e companhia. Aliás, é um contraponto salutar,
para reduzir o poder de influência dos coronéis .... De onde emana o poder
político dos coronéis regionais? Em grande parte, do controle da mídia local. E
esse poder deriva fundamentalmente da política de alianças com as redes
nacionais de rádio e TV.”</i></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Fonte:
http://www.advivo.com.br/blog/luisnassif acessado em 29/09/2011.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A crítica do jornalista se
contextualiza em dois fenômenos importantes para compreender a situação de
poder no Brasil e no mundo de hoje. É importante ressaltar que esse poder
deriva da aproximação e da aliança direta entre grupos que estão no centro
desses dois fenômenos, que são, segundo o fragmento de texto apresentado, </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) a força dos políticos e o controle da
imprensa. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) o poder político dos “coronéis” e dos órgãos de
comunicação. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) o controle das verbas públicas e a propaganda
política. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) o poder do discurso e das alianças entre os
políticos. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) Nenhuma das alternativas anteriores está
correta. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">20. (Uenp 2011) “Costumava-se dizer que
"as câmaras não mentem". De fato, um dos motivos do entusiasmo pela
fotografia na época de sua invenção foi exatamente a sua objetividade. No
século 19 a fotografia era considerada o produto do "lápis da natureza",
pois os próprios objetos deixam traços na chapa fotográfica quando ela é
exposta à luz, sem outras intervenções da parte do fotógrafo. Desde aquela
época, a objetividade da fotografia tem sido muito criticada. Lewis Hine, um
norte-americano famoso por sua "fotografia social" de trabalhadores
imigrantes e cortiços, disse que, "embora as fotografias não possam
mentir, os mentirosos podem fotografar".” </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Peter Burke in Como confiar em
fotografias. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 4pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">. Um caso famoso de
manipulação de imagens é um filme feito pelos socialistas alemães que “mostra”
o kaiser Guilherme conversando com Krupp, o maior fabricante de armas da época,
para demonstrar a ligação entre o capitalismo e o militarismo alemão na época
da Primeira Guerra Mundial. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II. O retrato de determinado fato pode estimular
posições político-ideológicas distintas. Por exemplo, convencer o público a ver
determinada guerra como gloriosa, enfatizando a coragem e as vitórias; ou
terrível, mostrando crianças vietnamitas nuas fugindo de um ataque de
napalm. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III. É possível haver interferência nas cenas
sociais que se desejam registrar, arranjando-as para que pareçam mais
autênticas.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Está(ão) correta(s) a(s)
afirmação(ões): </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) Nenhuma. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) Todas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Apenas a I. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Apenas a II. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) Apenas a III. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">21. (Uel 2009) Observe a charge a
seguir.</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7fmeAK69X1wmSLcw3mv42oJIQCxJwnCzDE1JHiHPiqnUHhesklLFqQPTtJUom_2LlmlVtfuguuitRJbhYeaxaE7OaTwImKdTta6joP9DWuUDr8OJpk6KSmA3AmG2nFeZAGhURTprC7fp1XkzhyE6I1dEXTOzEULnPsLgKnKxoaEStCvAgy0mYXo5oRjLg/s703/21.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="703" data-original-width="553" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7fmeAK69X1wmSLcw3mv42oJIQCxJwnCzDE1JHiHPiqnUHhesklLFqQPTtJUom_2LlmlVtfuguuitRJbhYeaxaE7OaTwImKdTta6joP9DWuUDr8OJpk6KSmA3AmG2nFeZAGhURTprC7fp1XkzhyE6I1dEXTOzEULnPsLgKnKxoaEStCvAgy0mYXo5oRjLg/s16000/21.png" /></a></b></div><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Imagem_x0020_14" o:spid="_x0000_i1027" style="height: 278.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 219pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/jaugu/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">De acordo com a charge: </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) Populações menos desenvolvidas intelectual e
culturalmente são mais felizes quando dominadas por aqueles com maior poderio
militar. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) Indivíduos de países socialmente atrasados temem
a ingerência estrangeira em seus territórios por não compreenderem o seu
caráter civilizador e humanitário. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Os novos mecanismos de dominação de um país
sobre o outro combinam violência com consentimento, pelo uso, também, de
diversos instrumentos ideológicos. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) As intervenções militares representam o melhor
caminho para a garantia da liberdade de pensamento e o princípio de
autodeterminação dos povos. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) É inviável, no mundo moderno, a implantação de
regimes democráticos sem o uso da força bruta, praticada, em geral, com
moderação, por parte da nação que se apossa de determinado território.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">22. (Uel 2011) Neste trabalho de
Aguillar, em meio a rostos sem face, temos todo um time que se identifica, tão
somente, pela camisa da seleção. Não sabemos, entretanto, quem “veste a camisa”
brasileira naquele momento da realidade do País.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Adaptado de:
<http://www.universia.com.br/cultura+/materia.jsp?materia=11244>. Acesso
em 18 maio 2010.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2327980403783605222/3614195106014769664"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><v:shape href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2327980403783605222/3614195106014769664" id="Imagem_x0020_3" o:button="t" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" style="height: 225pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 266.25pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/jaugu/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image007.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:fill></v:shape></span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaNatQCDWmlTsIAbopSujyf8FFVVbzp6cLw6gdiJsoPacqBtHPBFpGA505Dy8caAYgItimrevnHhxJa2I10X5au_foKgqLjaOyYZHotbsKm7lhW4mjfwIRL65FSld6_n3ZgtzZwcRZLJhQp_1d_74ngkyev1x2Qu-wfHCI0_To2p9QhcwXl4Tl9p-Vkg0t/s546/22.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="462" data-original-width="546" height="338" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaNatQCDWmlTsIAbopSujyf8FFVVbzp6cLw6gdiJsoPacqBtHPBFpGA505Dy8caAYgItimrevnHhxJa2I10X5au_foKgqLjaOyYZHotbsKm7lhW4mjfwIRL65FSld6_n3ZgtzZwcRZLJhQp_1d_74ngkyev1x2Qu-wfHCI0_To2p9QhcwXl4Tl9p-Vkg0t/w400-h338/22.png" width="400" /></a></b></div><b><br />Antes mesmo do início das obras de
reforma ou construção de novos estádios para a Copa de 2014, já ganhou
evidência na mídia o questionamento ético acerca da correta destinação dos
recursos públicos e privados para esse fim.</b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sobre a relação entre ética e corrupção,
considere as afirmativas a seguir.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 6pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I. O compromisso ético transcende a esfera estatal
e atinge também as empresas privadas envolvidas em licitações públicas.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II. As empresas privadas que atuam de acordo com a
legalidade no mercado, em busca do lucro, estão isentas de compromisso ético.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III. A lógica da corrupção está assentada na
sobreposição dos interesses privados aos interesses públicos.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">IV. Política, economia e ética são esferas com
atuação diferenciada e que estabelecem correlações entre si.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale a alternativa correta. </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) Somente as afirmativas I e II são
corretas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) Somente as afirmativas II e IV são
corretas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Somente as afirmativas III e IV são
corretas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Somente as afirmativas I, II e III são
corretas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) Somente as afirmativas I, III e IV são
corretas. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">23. (Uel 2009) De acordo com alguns
analistas políticos, o populismo ressurgiu na América Latina, nos anos 2000,
com as eleições de Hugo Chaves, na Venezuela, e Evo Morales, na Bolívia. O
mesmo tipo de argumento foi utilizado por ocasião da realização do segundo
turno das eleições para Prefeito em Londrina. Segundo o jornalista: “Londrina
reelege [um prefeito] pela quarta vez, após uma depuração surpreendente na
Câmara Municipal em aberta simetria com a pressão da sociedade, o que apresenta
um contraponto, mas não é. Populistas viscerais têm uma resistência
surpreendente”.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Folha de Londrina, 28 out. 2008, p.
4.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Com base no texto e nos conhecimentos
sobre o tema populismo, assinale a alternativa correta. </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) O discurso populista se apoia, efetivamente, em
uma elaboração teórica orgânica e sistemática, direcionado às elites locais,
que formam sua base de existência. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) É fundamental para a prática populista clássica
resgatar a compreensão, no eleitor, de que a sociedade está dividida em classes
sociais e, portanto, o conflito entre elas inevitável. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) O populismo é a forma mais avançada de
realização da política partidária, uma vez que mobiliza as massas,
infundindo-lhes clareza de consciência sobre o que é o fundo público. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Diferentemente das práticas nazistas e
fascistas, o populismo encontra no povo um elemento real para a efetivação do
combate contra os interesses defendidos pelas elites locais. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) Dois princípios fundamentais das práticas
populistas são a ideia de supremacia da vontade do povo e a existência de uma
relação direta entre este e o líder. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">24. (Fgvrj 2013) A fria letra da lei
tem sentido para o mundo racional das instituições do Estado, mas não
necessariamente para o cidadão que seria por ela beneficiado. A começar pelo
fato de que o Estado brasileiro, por várias razões, não é um Estado
onipresente. O fiscal ocasional das relações de trabalho será substituído na
sequência da fiscalização pelo arbítrio do fazendeiro e até pela força de seus pistoleiros
e jagunços. Na crua realidade cotidiana de trabalhadores que vivem no limiar da
civilização, a vida é organizada segundo os preceitos do poder pessoal e da
violência costumeira. Há alguns anos, houve o caso de um desses trabalhadores,
no Mato Grosso, que, fugindo da fazenda de seu cativeiro, teve que caminhar 400
km por dentro da mata até achar uma pequena cidade onde, no fim das contas, não
havia nenhum representante da Justiça do Trabalho. Acabou empurrado de um lado
para outro na busca do abrigo da lei que, afinal, não encontrou.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">José de Sousa Martins, O direito ao não
direito. Disponível em: http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/impresso,direito-ao-nao-direito,911448,0.htm</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale a alternativa que interpreta
corretamente os argumentos do texto. </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) As iniciativas governamentais de combate ao
trabalho em condições degradantes são destinadas ao fracasso, já que o Estado
não é capaz de fiscalizar as relações de trabalho. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) Não basta apenas promulgar leis que ampliem os
direitos dos trabalhadores; é preciso que o Estado garanta as condições para
que essas leis sejam cumpridas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) A recusa dos direitos sociais inscritos na lei é
comum em sociedades arcaicas, nas quais o povo não é afetado pelas condições
degradantes de trabalho. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) No Brasil contemporâneo, as instituições do
Estado se impõem sobre as relações tradicionais baseadas no poder pessoal. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) Em sociedades modernas, tais como a brasileira,
o Estado não deve intervir para assegurar o cumprimento dos direitos sociais da
população.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">25. (Unimontes 2012) </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm6Y4F-rkQaUMSNuo6QDwls5S3ApysLLUbuIRlQAttOfDL3mxYM8RnvTvxU7ReITcQ3hEMoe_a7ATfnlLqABFjlXaUAP4TDM2K8-S7seU_p_yOR3py5gTWTAy5qVT9mbRXkLYkjgSNie9wowVjLEnhhppQR-40hL7qmyZ1b5hCvaUqPeS79nAKtBvdAaIl/s634/25.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="634" data-original-width="466" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm6Y4F-rkQaUMSNuo6QDwls5S3ApysLLUbuIRlQAttOfDL3mxYM8RnvTvxU7ReITcQ3hEMoe_a7ATfnlLqABFjlXaUAP4TDM2K8-S7seU_p_yOR3py5gTWTAy5qVT9mbRXkLYkjgSNie9wowVjLEnhhppQR-40hL7qmyZ1b5hCvaUqPeS79nAKtBvdAaIl/w294-h400/25.png" width="294" /></a></b></div><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2327980403783605222/3614195106014769664"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><v:shape href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2327980403783605222/3614195106014769664" id="Imagem_x0020_2" o:button="t" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 273pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 200.25pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/jaugu/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:fill></v:shape></span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span><span style="font-size: small; text-align: right;">“Ame-o ou deixe-o. Nós amamos”.</span></p><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: small;">Anúncio da petroleira Texaco em comemoração ao Dia da Pátria de 1970, com o lema do governo militar.</span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: small;">Disponível em: http://blogs.estadao. com.br/reclames-do-estadao/2010/09/07/ ame-o-ou-deixe-o/> Acesso em: agosto de 2011.</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No início dos anos 70, no Brasil,
quando estava havendo uma intensa repressão a movimentos sociais, partidos e
grupos políticos, armados ou não, o governo Médici, utilizando-se da campanha
vitoriosa do tricampeonato de futebol e de uma política econômica
momentaneamente favorável, conseguiu, durante algum tempo, manter a imagem de
que o país era uma maravilha, que a maioria da população pensava a mesma coisa
(“noventa milhões em ação”), incutindo a ideia de que aqueles que não
estivessem contentes deveriam ir embora do país.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(“Brasil – ame-o ou deixe-o”). (TOMAZI,
Nelson D. Sociologia da Educação. São Paulo: Cortez, 1997. Adaptado.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considerando o texto e seus
conhecimentos sobre as relações Estado, sociedade e democracia no Brasil,
julgue as afirmativas a seguir:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I. Por meio de uma intensa propaganda ideológica,
foi possível, por algum tempo, manter os brasileiros em geral convencidos de
que viviam num país excepcional e que grande parte da população vivia bem.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II. Nas escolas, foram introduzidas disciplinas
cujos conteúdos procuraram inculcar determinados conteúdos, valores e normas
que visavam disciplinar e despolitizar o estudante, impossibilitando-o de ter
uma visão crítica da realidade em que vivia.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III. A classe política dirigente nessa época
propunha, no discurso e nas ideias, um empenho de toda a sociedade em direção à
modernização do país, ao mesmo tempo em que se esforçava para a despolitização
e desmobilização da sociedade.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">IV. O lema da ditadura militar, "Brasil: ame-o
ou deixe-o", propunha que qualquer um que criticasse o governo militar
deveria sair ou ser retirado do país. Esse slogan ajudou a justificar prisões
ilegais, torturas e extradições.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Estão corretas as afirmativas </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) I, II e III, apenas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) I, III e IV, apenas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) II, III e IV, apenas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) I, II, III e IV. <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.portaldovestibulando.com/2023/06/politica-etica-e-corrupcao-gabarito.html" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="55" data-original-width="266" height="55" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQmVPA4hz4nOdb_p4VGjm1W-KP_zVqkFGnMrz9ix40Zm3tzQ05rWv7I5-1mkSs8B8d2um8keFTzGtTXayAsbD_RvCTGBptHvsJku2s5ego4ew5O-Hw0yDfIpnDlS69wfD9K3a7_EZsn-2pS53cDxNi3qAjKECILUlmUm4CYMArOeoaLsjVGUlxdNDmnDWM/s1600/Gabarito.png" width="266" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/file/19cosuo3az3sser/Sociologia_-_Pol%25C3%25ADtica%252C_%25C3%2589tica_e_Corrup%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o.pdf/file" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnPbBDQdAGu_ku1rW-SFz3Ul1vxXr7Iry4EZ29W4krpSip0CVjKkEcK4a1kb-lsJ2RinaNnn4JJQ2pmxW-RpoeV3sHgse-OtozmAcEUF8cVaqoFZcugjWEF8tZJM-1z0SB-gUZ0kDzFpPujfoZXm-t1CQOn6k_nR-Qv_R8JrWNV4rZ94CIoNuT-hiHDueD/s1600/Lista%20de%20exerc%C3%ADcios.png" width="275" /></a></div><br />Portal do Vestibulandohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03466686065222700679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5538522159417475835.post-7009300606281337582023-06-29T05:12:00.002-04:002023-06-29T05:15:24.808-04:00Frase, Oração e Período - Lista de Exercícios - Questões de Vestibulares<p> </p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">1.
(Ufgd 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As tipologias textuais são caracterizadas como as
diferentes formas que um texto pode apresentar, considerando-se o tipo de
linguagem utilizado, a estrutura, o vocabulário, os modos e os tempos verbais, etc.
Quanto aos gêneros discursivos e às tipologias textuais (narração, descrição, dissertação,
injunção e exposição), assinale a alternativa correta. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Bula de remédio e receita culinária são gêneros predominantemente
injuntivos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Artigo de opinião e resenha crítica são gêneros predominantemente
expositivos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Verbete de dicionário e seminário são gêneros predominantemente
injuntivos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Retrato falado e biografia são gêneros predominantemente expositivos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Conto de fadas e fábula são gêneros predominantemente argumentativos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">2.
(Ufpr 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considere o seguinte excerto do texto:</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
tédio profundo</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
excesso de <u>positividade</u> se manifesta também como excesso de estímulos,
informações e impulsos. Modifica radicalmente a estrutura e economia da
atenção. Com isso se fragmenta e destrói a atenção. Também a crescente
sobrecarga de trabalho torna necessária uma técnica específica relacionada ao
tempo e à atenção, que tem efeitos novamente na estrutura da atenção. A técnica
temporal e de atenção <i>multitasking</i> (multitarefa) não representa nenhum
progresso civilizatório. A multitarefa não é uma capacidade para a qual só
seria capaz o homem na sociedade trabalhista e de informação pós-moderna. <sup>1</sup>Trata-<b>se</b>
antes de um retrocesso. A multitarefa está amplamente <u>disseminada</u> entre
os animais em estado selvagem. Trata-se de uma técnica de atenção,
indispensável para sobreviver na vida selvagem.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Um
animal ocupado no exercício da mastigação de sua comida tem de ocupar-se ao
mesmo tempo com outras atividades. Deve cuidar <sup>2</sup><b>para que</b>, ao
comer, ele próprio não acabe comido. Na vida selvagem, o animal está obrigado a
dividir sua atenção em diversas atividades. <sup>3</sup><b>Por isso</b>, não é
capaz de aprofundamento contemplativo – nem para comer, nem no copular. O
animal não pode mergulhar contemplativamente no que tem diante de si, pois tem
de elaborar ao mesmo tempo o que tem atrás de si. Não apenas a multitarefa, mas
também atividades como jogos de computador geram uma atenção ampla, mas rasa, <sup>4</sup>que
<b>se</b> assemelha à atenção de um animal selvagem. As mais recentes evoluções
sociais e a mudança de estrutura da atenção aproximam cada vez mais a sociedade
humana da vida selvagem.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Extraído e Adaptado de: HAN, Byung-Chul. <i>Sociedade do cansaço</i>.
Petrópolis, RJ: Vozes, 2017. p. 31-32.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Também
a crescente sobrecarga de trabalho torna necessária uma técnica específica
relacionada ao tempo e à atenção, que tem efeitos novamente na estrutura da
atenção.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Nessa
passagem, o autor aponta um efeito de: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">sucessividade. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">proporcionalidade. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">circularidade. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">relativização. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">acréscimo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">3.
(Ufpr 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A fronteira tênue entre heróis e vilões</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O conceito de herói está profundamente ligado à
cultura que o criou e a quando foi criado, o que significa que <b>ele</b> varia
muito de lugar para lugar e de época para época. Mesmo assim, a figura do herói
aparece nas mais diversas sociedades e eras, sempre atendendo a critérios
morais e desejos em comum de determinado povo.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Apesar
do protagonismo do herói, o que seria dele se não houvesse um vilão? Nas
narrativas, o vilão costuma ser o <u>antagonista</u>. Os vilões representam
aquilo que é errado, injusto, que foge à moral defendida pelo herói. Por não
carregar o protagonismo das histórias, o vilão costuma ser um personagem sem
profundidade, sem dilemas, sem uma história que nos explique o porquê de suas
ações. E isso reforça sua vilania.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Conhecer a história de alguém é um processo
humanizador, capaz até de <u>revogar</u> a <u>alcunha</u> de vilão e conferir
ao personagem o título de herói, ou só de uma pessoa comum que tem <b>seus</b>
defeitos e qualidades. Assim, uma maneira de fabricar vilões é não deixar <b>suas</b>
histórias serem contadas, é criar uma imagem sobre esses personagens e
mantê-los em silêncio.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 7pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(MIRANDA, Lucas Mascarenhas de. A fronteira tênue entre heróis e vilões.
<i>Ciência hoje</i>, Rio de Janeiro, 21 nov. 2021. Disponível em: https://cienciahoje.org.br/artigo/a-fronteira-tenue-entre-herois-e-viloes/.
Adaptado.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale
a alternativa que contém os elementos a que apontam, respectivamente, os termos
“ele”, “seus” e “suas”, destacados no texto. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">conceito de herói, pessoa comum, qualidades. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">herói, personagem, maneira. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">conceito de herói, pessoa comum, vilões. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">herói, personagem, vilões. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">conceito de herói, personagem, maneira. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">4. (Unesp 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Leia
um trecho do prefácio “O recado da mata”, do antropólogo Eduardo Viveiros de
Castro, para o livro <i>A queda do céu: palavras de um xamã yanomami</i>, de
Davi Kopenawa e Bruce Albert.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 36pt;"><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A queda do céu</span></i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> é um
acontecimento científico incontestável, que levará, suspeito, alguns anos para
ser devidamente assimilado pela comunidade antropológica. Mas espero que todos
os seus leitores saibam identificar de imediato o acontecimento político e
espiritual muito mais amplo, e de muito grave significação, que ele representa.
Chegou a hora, em suma; temos a obrigação de levar <i>absolutamente</i> a sério
o que dizem os índios pela voz de Davi Kopenawa — os índios e todos os demais
povos “menores” do planeta, as minorias extranacionais que ainda resistem à
total dissolução pelo liquidificador modernizante do Ocidente. Para os
brasileiros, como para as outras nacionalidades do Novo Mundo criadas às custas
do genocídio americano e da escravidão africana, tal obrigação se impõe com
força redobrada. Pois passamos tempo demais com o espírito voltado para nós
mesmos, embrutecidos pelos mesmos velhos sonhos de cobiça e conquista e império
vindos nas caravelas, com a cabeça cada vez mais “cheia de esquecimento”,
imersa em um tenebroso vazio existencial, só de raro em raro iluminado, ao
longo de nossa pouco gloriosa história, por lampejos de lucidez política e
poética. Davi Kopenawa ajuda-nos a pôr no devido lugar as famosas “ideias fora
do lugar”, porque o seu é um discurso sobre o lugar, e porque seu enunciador
sabe qual é, onde é, o que é o <i>seu lugar</i>. Hora, então, de nos
confrontarmos com as ideias desse lugar que tomamos a ferro e a fogo dos
indígenas, e declaramos “nosso” sem o menor pudor [...].<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(<i>A queda do céu: palavras de um xamã yanomami</i>, 2015.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
autor recorre à elipse de um substantivo no trecho: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“Pois passamos tempo demais com o espírito voltado para nós mesmos”. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“porque o seu é um discurso sobre o lugar”. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“temos a obrigação de levar <i>absolutamente</i> a sério o que dizem os
índios”. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“tal obrigação se impõe com força redobrada”. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“Hora, então, de nos confrontarmos com as ideias desse lugar”. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">5. (Puccamp Direito 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">[Entre
o justo e o injusto]</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
julgamento que conta é o da nossa consciência. A prova disso: fazemos, desde o
século XVII, uma bela diferença entre o que é legal e o que é justo. Condenados
por excesso de velocidade na Dutra, entendemos que 130 km/h seja ilegal, mas
nós conhecemos as razões de nossa pressa e só nós sabemos se, ilegal ou nossa
velocidade era justa ou injusta. <o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Devia
ser mais simples quando podíamos delegar a justiça (não apenas a legalidade) a
um sábio, príncipe ou representante de Deus, ao qual reconheceríamos o poder de
proclamar, incontestado, se somos culpados ou inocentes. Esses recursos não
valem, porém, para quem, como a gente, exige o foro íntimo em corte suprema. <o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Ora,
tantas cortes singulares e inevitavelmente contraditórias não poderiam regrar
eficazmente nossa vida social; resignamo-nos, portanto, a um compromisso:
consideramos justo e toleramos que um júri de outros humanos (cujo foro íntimo
seria comparável ao nosso) escute as acusações e os argumentos de defesa e,
assim, nos condene ou nos inocente. <o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Detalhe
crucial: os sentimentos que acabo de resumir são uma realidade cultural. Valem
para nós, ocidentais e modernos, que damos sentido ao mundo a partir de
certezas subjetivas e acreditamos que todos os homens sejam nossos semelhantes.
Penso nisso quando pretendemos julgar comportamentos de outras culturas. A
justiça que condena ou absolve tais comportamentos é a nossa, a que se
estabelece a partir de nós mesmos. Não sei quão justo pode ser esse julgamento.
</span></i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Adaptado de: CALLIGARIS, Contardo. <i>Terra de ninguém</i>. São Paulo:
Publifolha, 2004, p. 408-410, <i>passim</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Há
emprego de voz passiva e perfeita articulação entre os tempos e modos verbais
na seguinte frase: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Quão justo poderia ser um julgamento caso se realizasse numa diferente
cultura? <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As pessoas hão de compreender que esse julgamento terá sido mais justo
se feito aqui. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Haverá uma forte interferência de sentimentos locais se transferissem o
julgamento. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Ainda que transfiram o julgamento, poderia haver interferência das paixões
locais. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Todos os júris acabariam por levar a efeito os valores que sua cultura
lhes incutirá. </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">6. (Fuvest 2022) </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No modelo hegemônico, quase todo o
treinamento é reservado para o desenvolvimento muscular, sobrando muito pouco
tempo para a mobilidade, a flexibilidade, o treino restaurativo, o relaxamento
e o treinamento cardiovascular. Na teoria, seria algo em torno de 70% para o
fortalecimento, 20% para o cárdio e 10% para a flexibilidade e outros. Na
prática, muitos alunos direcionam 100% do tempo para o fortalecimento.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Como a prática cardiovascular é
infinitamente mais significativa e determinante para a nossa saúde orgânica
como um todo, podendo ser considerada o “coração” de um treinamento consciente
e saudável, essa ordem deveria ser revista.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Nuno Cobra Jr. “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fitness</i> não é
saúde”. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Uol</i>. 06/05/2021. Adaptado.</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 4pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sem
alteração de sentido, o segundo parágrafo do texto poderia ser reescrito da
seguinte maneira: <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Ainda que a prática cardiovascular seja infinitamente mais significativa
e determinante para a nossa saúde orgânica como um todo, essa ordem deveria ser
revista, podendo ser considerada o “coração” de um treinamento consciente e
saudável. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Para evitar que a prática cardiovascular se torne infinitamente mais
significativa e determinante para a nossa saúde orgânica como um todo, podendo
ser considerada o “coração” de um treinamento consciente e saudável, essa ordem
deveria ser revista. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Quando a prática cardiovascular for infinitamente mais significativa e
determinante para a nossa saúde orgânica como um todo, essa ordem deveria ser
revista, podendo ser considerada o “coração” de um treinamento consciente e
saudável. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Quanto mais a prática cardiovascular é infinitamente mais significativa
e determinante para a nossa saúde orgânica como um todo, podendo ser
considerada o “coração” de um treinamento consciente e saudável, essa ordem
deveria ser revista. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Essa ordem deveria ser revista: a prática cardiovascular é infinitamente
mais significativa e determinante para a nossa saúde orgânica como um todo,
podendo ser considerada o “coração” de um treinamento consciente e saudável. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">7.
(Unesp 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Leia o soneto de Luís de Camões.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Enquanto
quis Fortuna<sup>1</sup> que tivesse<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Esperança
de algum contentamento,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
gosto de um suave pensamento<sup>2</sup><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Me
fez que seus efeitos escrevesse.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 6pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Porém,
temendo Amor<sup>3</sup> que aviso desse<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Minha
escritura a algum juízo isento<sup>4</sup>,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Escureceu-me
o engenho<sup>5</sup> com tormento,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Para
que seus enganos não dissesse.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 6pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Ó
vós que Amor obriga a ser sujeitos<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
diversas vontades, quando lerdes<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Num
breve livro casos tão diversos,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 6pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Verdades
puras são, e não defeitos<sup>6</sup>,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">E
sabei que, segundo o amor tiverdes,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Tereis
o entendimento de meus versos.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Luís de Camões. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">20 sonetos</i>,
2018.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 6pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 7.1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -7.1pt;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">1</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Fortuna:
entidade mítica que presidia a sorte dos homens.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 7.1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -7.1pt;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">suave
pensamento: sentimento amoroso.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 7.1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -7.1pt;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">3</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Amor:
entidade mítica que personifica o amor.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 7.1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -7.1pt;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">4</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">juízo
isento: os inocentes do amor, aqueles que nunca se apaixonaram.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 7.1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -7.1pt;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">5</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">engenho:
talento poético, inspiração.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 7.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 7.1pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -7.1pt;"><sup><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">6</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">defeitos:
inverdades, fantasia.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No
soneto, o eu lírico dirige-se, mediante vocativo, <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">àqueles que não entendem seus versos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a Amor. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">àqueles que nunca se apaixonaram. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">aos amantes. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a Fortuna. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">8.
(Enem 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os velhos papéis, quando não são consumidos pelo
fogo, às vezes acordam de seu sono para contar notícias do passado.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">É
assim que se descobre algo novo de um nome antigo, sobre o qual já se julgava
saber tudo, como Machado de Assis.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Por
exemplo, você provavelmente não sabe que o autor carioca, morto em 1908,
escreveu uma letra do hino nacional em 1867 – e não poderia saber mesmo, porque
os versos seguiam inéditos. Até hoje.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Essa
letra acaba de ser descoberta, em um jornal antigo de Florianópolis, pelo
pesquisador independente Felipe Rissato.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“Das
florestas em que habito/ Solto um canto varonil:/ Em honra e glória de Pedro/ O
gigante do Brasil”, diz o começo do hino, composto de sete estrofes em
redondilhas maiores, ou seja, versos de sete sílabas poéticas. O trecho também
é o refrão da música.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
Pedro mencionado é o imperador Dom Pedro II. O bruxo do Cosme Velho compôs a
letra para o aniversário de 42 anos do monarca, em 2 de dezembro daquele ano –
o hino seria apresentado naquele dia no teatro da cidade de Desterro, antigo
nome de Florianópolis.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Disponível em: www.revistaprosaversoearte.com. Acesso em: 4 dez. 2018
(adaptado).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considerando-se
as operações de retomada de informações na estruturação do texto, há
interdependência entre as expressões <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“Os velhos papéis” e “É assim”. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“algo novo” e “sobre o qual”. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“um nome antigo” e “Por exemplo”. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“O gigante do Brasil” e “O Pedro mencionado”. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“o imperador Dom Pedro II” e “O bruxo do Cosme Velho”. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>9. (Fmc
2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A varíola</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 6pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Graciliano Ramos</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Oswaldo Cruz achava que era
vergonhoso uma pessoa apresentar marcas de bexigas. <sup>1</sup>Pensando como
ele, o Congresso tornou obrigatória a vacina. E muita gente se descontentou. <sup>2</sup>Estávamos
ou não estávamos em uma terra de liberdade? Tínhamos ou não tínhamos o direito
de adoecer e transmitir nossas doenças aos outros?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>A 14 de novembro de 1904 houve um
motim: sublevou-se a Escola Militar, o general Travassos morreu, Lauro Sodré,
senador, e Alfredo Varela, deputado, foram presos.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><sup>3</sup>Assim, além das vítimas
que ordinariamente causa, a varíola produziu essas.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">RAMOS, Graciliano. A varíola. In: ______. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pequena história da república</i>. Rio de Janeiro: Record, 2020. p.
80-81.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“Estávamos
ou não estávamos em uma terra de liberdade? Tínhamos ou não tínhamos o direito <u>de
adoecer e transmitir nossas doenças aos outros</u>?” (ref. 2)</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No
fragmento “Assim, além das vítimas que ordinariamente causa, a varíola produziu
<u>essas</u>.” (ref. 3), a forma sublinhada tem função: <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Catafórica </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Exofórica </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Anafórica </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Gramatical </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Macrotextual </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">10. (Fmc 2021)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Balé das baleias<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Verissimo</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“Em
compensação” não pode ser o começo de nenhuma frase sobre a pandemia que nos
assola. <sup>1</sup>Nada compensa, mitiga, inocenta, redime, atenua, suaviza ou
absolve o vírus assassino, por respeito aos que ele já matou e continua
matando. Portanto, não veja como simpatia pelo demônio a simples constatação,
noticiada pela imprensa internacional, de que um efeito da pandemia e das
medidas tomadas para controlá-la tem sido a queda dos índices da poluição em
todo o planeta. <sup>2</sup>Triste ironia: o ar se torna respirável pela
diminuição da atividade industrial e a ausência de gente nas ruas justamente
onde ele é mais venenoso. O demônio tem suas astúcias.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Li
que os habitantes de Marselha, no sul da França, estão vendo, diariamente, um
espetáculo raro. Baleias se aproximam da costa e se exibem, certamente
surpreendidas pela sua própria súbita ascensão ao estrelato. O porto de
Marselha é o mais importante da França, e seu movimento incessante mantém as
baleias longe. Ou mantinha. Com as limitações impostas pelo coronavírus, abriu-se
o espaço para o balé das baleias, que, não demora, estarão integradas à vida
social de Marselha, provando a bouillabaisse do Vieux-Port e dando autógrafos.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Disponível em:
https://oglobo.globo.com/opiniao/bale-das-baleias-24374057. Acesso em 03 jun.
2020.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Em
“Nada <u>compensa, mitiga, inocenta, redime, atenua, suaviza ou absolve</u> o
vírus assassino, por respeito aos que ele já matou e continua matando” (ref.
1), as formas sublinhadas evidenciam o mecanismo de <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">progressão textual </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">exposição de ideias </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">relato de fatos </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">paradoxo de ideias </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">síntese de ações </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">11.
(Enem PPL 2019) </span></b><b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Slow Food</span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
favor da alimentação com prazer e da responsabilidade socioambiental, o <i>slow
food </i>é um movimento que vai contra o ritmo acelerado de vida da maioria das
pessoas hoje: o ritmo fast-food, que valoriza a rapidez e não a qualidade.
Traduzido na alimentação, o fast-food está nos produtos artificiais, que,
apesar de práticos, são péssimos à saúde: muito processados e muito distantes
da sua natureza – como os lanches cheios de gorduras, os salgadinhos e
biscoitos convencionais etc. etc.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Agora,
vamos deixar de lado o fast e entender melhor o <i>slow food</i>. Segundo esse
movimento, o alimento deve ser:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 5.65pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -5.65pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">- bom: tão gostoso que
merece ser saboreado com calma, fazendo de cada refeição uma pausa especial do
dia;<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 5.65pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -5.65pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">- limpo: bom à saúde do
consumidor e dos produtores, sem prejudicar o meio ambiente nem os animais;<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 5.65pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -5.65pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">- justo: produzido com
transparência e honestidade social e, de preferência, de produtores locais.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 6pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Deu
pra ver que o <i>slow food </i>traz muita coisa interessante para o nosso dia a
dia. Ele resgata valores tão importantes, mas que muitas vezes passam
despercebidos. Não é à toa que ele já está contagiando o mundo todo, inclusive
o nosso país.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Disponível
em: www.maeterra.com.br. Acesso em: 5 ago. 2017.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Algumas
palavras funcionam como marcadores textuais, atuando na organização dos textos
e fazendo-os progredir. No segundo parágrafo desse texto, o marcador “agora” </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">define o momento em que se realiza o fato descrito na frase. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">sinaliza a mudança de foco no tema que se vinha discutindo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">promove uma comparação que se dá entre dois elementos do texto. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">indica uma oposição que se verifica entre o trecho anterior e o
seguinte. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">delimita o resultado de uma ação que foi apresentada no trecho anterior.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">12. (EPCAR) 2016) Analise as
afirmativas abaixo.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtJvxveTu7QZm0SipfhAeJSlqQIV3jGwSQ5xCCoFUn-rkGpG1wecNLp5aRiHkqPs7UKzYNNgabzJD7pp7Ql4bDQk6nfLeJpU2c_QyBoyHghpyFrcH1xMyDyKlmB3Y4OMnvOcCmbyG729DIpV-8Os3sSfVbS0eeIQaOIx32UqL9_cX9VkWJnaLvI9776NUW/s539/Ora%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20-%20Per%C3%ADodo.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="470" data-original-width="539" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtJvxveTu7QZm0SipfhAeJSlqQIV3jGwSQ5xCCoFUn-rkGpG1wecNLp5aRiHkqPs7UKzYNNgabzJD7pp7Ql4bDQk6nfLeJpU2c_QyBoyHghpyFrcH1xMyDyKlmB3Y4OMnvOcCmbyG729DIpV-8Os3sSfVbS0eeIQaOIx32UqL9_cX9VkWJnaLvI9776NUW/s16000/Ora%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20-%20Per%C3%ADodo.png" /></a></b></div><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 6pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I. A vírgula utilizada depois da palavra “<b>contente</b>”
separa um vocativo, enquanto os dois pontos empregados depois de “<b>doente</b>”
introduzem apostos.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II. Na frase “<b>Eu estaria sendo hipócrita</b>”,
há dois verbos e duas orações.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III. O vocábulo “<b>Aí</b>” marca a coloquialidade
do diálogo e poderia ser substituído, em um registro mais formal, pela
expressão “desse modo”, sem modificação do sentido.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">IV. Em “<b>analisar o que me deixa</b>”, o pronome
“<b>que</b>”, sintaticamente, exerce a função de objeto direto.</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 6pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Está(ão) correta(s) apenas a(s)
afirmativa(s)</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) II. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) I, II e IV. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) I e III. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) III e IV. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">13. (Puccamp 2016) Se o
relógio da História marca tempos sinistros, o tempo construído pela arte
abre-se para a poesia: o tempo do sonho e da fantasia arrebatou multidões no
filme <i>O mágico de Oz</i> estrelado por Judy Garland e eternizado
pelo tema da canção <i>Além do arco-íris</i>. Aliás, a arte da música é,
sempre, uma habitação especial do tempo: as notas combinam-se, ritmam e
produzem melodias, adensando as horas com seu envolvimento.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Se o relógio da História marca tempos
sinistros, o tempo construído pela arte abre-se para a poesia.</span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Comenta-se corretamente sobre o que o
segmento acima expressa, em seu contexto:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) O que se afirma na segunda oração será
verdadeiro sempre que certas condições forem cumpridas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) Os dois fatos mencionados nas orações são tidos,
ambos, como possibilidades, mas difíceis de se cumprirem. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) A primeira oração contém a hipótese que
legitimaria o que se afirma na segunda, ainda que o conteúdo desta seja
considerado altamente improvável. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) A substituição do <i>Se </i>por “Caso”
não exigiria nenhuma alteração na frase e manteria fidelidade ao sentido
original. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) O segmento exibe paralelismo entre fatos cuja
ocorrência não é posta em dúvida. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">14. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">(Espcex (Aman) 2017) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Marque
a alternativa em que os termos do período foram escritos na ordem direta. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Em canoa furada eu não embarco. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sempre lutamos com os mesmos objetivos na educação. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Todos os anos, a cena repetia-se na escola. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“Não tem azul nem estrelas a noite que enlutam os ventos”. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Um grande incêndio reduziu a floresta a cinzas mês passado. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">15. (Unifesp 2016) Leia o
excerto do “Sermão de Santo Antônio aos peixes” de Antônio Vieira (1608-1697)
para responder à questão. </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A primeira cousa que me desedifica,
peixes, de vós, é que vos comeis uns aos outros. Grande escândalo é este, mas a
circunstância o faz ainda maior. Não só vos comeis uns aos outros, senão que os
grandes comem os pequenos. [...] Santo Agostinho, que pregava aos homens, para
encarecer a fealdade deste escândalo mostrou-lho nos peixes; e eu, que prego
aos peixes, para que vejais quão feio e abominável é, quero que o vejais nos
homens. Olhai, peixes, lá do mar para a terra. Não, não: não é isso o que vos
digo. Vós virais os olhos para os matos e para o sertão? Para cá, para cá; para
a cidade é que haveis de olhar. Cuidais que só os tapuias se comem uns aos
outros, muito maior açougue é o de cá, muito mais se comem os brancos. Vedes
vós todo aquele bulir, vedes todo aquele andar, vedes aquele concorrer às
praças e cruzar as ruas: vedes aquele subir e descer as calçadas, vedes aquele
entrar e sair sem quietação nem sossego? Pois tudo aquilo é andarem buscando os
homens como hão de comer, e como se hão de comer.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">[...]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Diz Deus que comem os homens não só o
seu povo, senão declaradamente a sua plebe: <i>Plebem meam</i>, porque a
plebe e os plebeus, que são os mais pequenos, os que menos podem, e os que
menos avultam na república, estes são os comidos. E não só diz que os comem de
qualquer modo, senão que os engolem e os devoram: <i>Qui devorant</i>.
Porque os grandes que têm o mando das cidades e das províncias, não se contenta
a sua fome de comer os pequenos um por um, poucos a poucos, senão que devoram e
engolem os povos inteiros: <i>Qui devorant plebem meam</i>. E de que modo
se devoram e comem? <i>Ut cibum panis</i>: não como os outros comeres,
senão como pão. A diferença que há entre o pão e os outros comeres é que, para
a carne, há dias de carne, e para o peixe, dias de peixe, e para as frutas,
diferentes meses no ano; porém o pão é comer de todos os dias, que sempre e
continuadamente se come: e isto é o que padecem os pequenos. São o pão
cotidiano dos grandes: e assim como pão se come com tudo, assim com tudo, e em
tudo são comidos os miseráveis pequenos, não tendo, nem fazendo ofício em que
os não carreguem, em que os não multem, em que os não defraudem, em que os não
comam, traguem e devorem: <i>Qui devorant plebem meam, ut cibum panis</i>.
Parece-vos bem isto, peixes? <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Antônio Vieira. <i>Essencial</i>,
2011.)</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“Diz Deus que comem os homens não só o
seu povo, senão declaradamente a sua plebe” (2º parágrafo)</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Reescrito em ordem direta, tal trecho
assume a seguinte forma:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) Deus diz que os homens, senão declaradamente a
sua plebe, comem não só o seu povo. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) Diz Deus que os homens comem não só o seu povo,
senão declaradamente a sua plebe. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Deus diz que os homens comem não só o seu povo,
senão a sua plebe declaradamente. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Os homens comem não só o seu povo, senão a sua
plebe declaradamente, diz Deus. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) Os homens comem não só o seu povo, diz Deus,
senão declaradamente a sua plebe. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">16. (IFBA 2016) Leia a letra
de música abaixo e responda ao que se pede na questão a seguir.</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O Segundo Sol</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Cássia Eller)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Quando o segundo sol chegar<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Para realinhar as órbitas dos planetas<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Derrubando com assombro exemplar<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O que os astrônomos diriam<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Se tratar de um outro cometa<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 6pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Não digo que não me surpreendi<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Antes que eu visse você disse<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">E eu não pude acreditar<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Mas você pode ter certeza<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 6pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">De que seu telefone irá tocar<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Em sua nova casa<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Que abriga agora a trilha<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Incluída nessa minha conversão<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 6pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Eu só queria te contar<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Que eu fui lá fora<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">E vi dois sóis num dia<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">E a vida que ardia sem explicação<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 6pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Explicação, não tem explicação<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Explicação, não<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Não tem explicação<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Explicação, não tem<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Não tem explicação<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Explicação, não tem<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Explicação, não tem<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Não tem <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Disponível em: http://letras.mus.br/cassia-eller/12570/. Acesso
em: 19.09.2015.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As quatro primeiras orações da segunda
estrofe apresentam os sujeitos classificados, respectivamente, em:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) oculto, oculto, oculto, oculto. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) oculto, oculto, simples, simples. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) simples, simples, simples, simples. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) oculto, indeterminado, simples, simples.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) indeterminado, indeterminado, simples, simples. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">17. (Upe 2015) Em agosto de 2005,
a <i>Revista Língua </i>fez uma entrevista com Millôr Fernandes, o
escritor escolhido para ser o homenageado da FLIP 2014. Eis, aqui, alguns
trechos dessa entrevista.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Língua </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">– Fazer humor é levar a sério as palavras ou
brincar com elas?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Millôr </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">– Humor, você tem ou não tem. Pode ser do tipo mais
profundo, mais popular, mas tem de ter. <sup>1</sup>Você vai fazendo e,
sem querer, a coisa sai engraçada. Dá para perceber quando a construção é
forçada. Tenho uma capacidade muito natural de perceber bobagem e destruir a
coisa.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Língua </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">– Com que língua você mais gosta de trabalhar?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Millôr </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">– Não aprendi línguas até hoje (risos). <sup>3</sup>Gosto
de trabalhar com o português, embora inglês seja a que eu mais leio. Nunca tive
temor de nada. Deve-se julgar as obras pelo que elas têm de qualidade, não por
serem de fulano ou beltrano. Shakespeare fez muita besteira, mas tem três ou
quatro obras perfeitas, e <i>Macbeth </i>é uma delas.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Língua </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">– Na sua opinião, quais vantagens o português
possui em comparação a outras línguas que você conhece?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Millôr </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">– A principal vantagem é a de ser a minha língua.
Ninguém fala duas línguas. Essa ideia de um espião que fala múltiplas línguas
não passa de mentira. Vai lá no meio do jogo dizer “salame minguê, um sorvete
colorê...” ou “velho guerreiro”. Os modismos da língua, as coisas ocasionais,
não são acessíveis a quem não é nativo. Toda pessoa tem habilidade só no seu
idioma. Você pode aprender uma, dez, sei lá quantas expressões de outra língua,
mas ainda existirão outras mil – <sup>4</sup>como é que se vai fazer? A
língua portuguesa tem suas particularidades. Como outras também. Aprendi desde
cedo a ter o cuidado de não rimar ao escrever uma frase. Sobretudo em “-ão”.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Língua </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">– Quais as normas mais loucas ou mais
despropositadas da língua portuguesa?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Millôr </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">– Toda pesquisa de linguagem é perigosa porque tem
o caráter de induzir o sentido. Não tenho nenhum carinho especial por
gramáticos. Na minha vida inteira sempre fui violento [no ataque às regras do
idioma], porque a língua é a falada, a outra é apenas uma forma de você
registrar a fala. Se todo mundo erra na crase é a regra da crase que está
errada, como aliás está. Se você vai a Portugal, pode até encontrar uma
reverberação que indica a crase. Não aqui. Aqui, no Brasil, a crase não existe.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Língua </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">– Mas a fala brasileira é mutante e díspar, cada
região tem sua peculiaridade. Como romper regras da língua sem cair no
vale-tudo?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Millôr </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">– <sup>5</sup>Se não houver norma, não há como
transgredir. A língua tem variantes, mas temos de ensinar a escrever o padrão.
Quem transgride tem nome ou peito, que o faça e arque com as consequências. Mas
insisto que a escrita é apenas o registro da língua falada. De Machado de Assis
pra cá, tudo mudou. A língua alemã fez reforma ortográfica há 50 anos, correta.
Aqui, na minha geração, já foram três reformas do gênero, uma mais maluca que a
outra. <sup>6</sup>Botaram acento em “boemia”, escreveram “xeque” quando
toda língua busca lembrar o árabe <i>shaik</i>, insistiram que o certo é
“veado” quando o Brasil inteiro pronuncia “viado”. Como chegaram a tais
conclusões? Essas coisas são idiotas e cabe a você aceitar ou não. Veja o caso
da crase. A crase, na prática, não existe no português do Brasil. Já vi tábuas
de mármore com crase errada. Se todo mundo erra, a crase é quem está errada. Se
vamos atribuir crase ao masculino “dar àquele”, por que não fazer o mesmo com
“dar alguém”? <sup>2</sup>Não podemos. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Disponível em:
http://revistalingua.uol.com.br/textos/97/millor-fernandeso-senhor-das-palavras-247893-1.asp.
Acesso em: 13/06/2014. Adaptado.</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 8pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Na nossa língua, temos certa liberdade
de posicionar palavras e expressões no texto, a depender dos sentidos que
pretendemos expressar. A esse respeito, assinale a alternativa CORRETA,
considerando as escolhas feitas no texto.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) Com o trecho: “Humor, você tem ou não tem.”, o
locutor revela que prioriza a organização sintática tradicional: sujeito,
verbo, complemento. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) Para expressar o sentido pretendido no trecho: “<u>Não</u> aprendi
línguas até hoje.”, o termo destacado tem posição livre, podendo ser colocado
em qualquer ponto do enunciado. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) No trecho: “Toda pessoa tem habilidade <u>só</u> no
seu idioma.”, a posição do termo destacado faz com que ele incida sobre o
segmento “tem habilidade”. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) A organização do trecho: “Toda pesquisa de
linguagem é perigosa porque tem o caráter de induzir o sentido.” demonstra a
opção do locutor em primeiro fazer uma declaração e depois apresentar uma
justificativa para o que foi declarado.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) No trecho: “Aqui, no Brasil, a crase não
existe.”, os termos “Aqui” e “no Brasil” podem trocar de posição entre si. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">
<b>18. (Uece 2014) Portão </b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O portão fica bocejando, aberto</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">para os alunos retardatários.<br />
Não há pressa em viver<br />
nem nas ladeiras duras de subir,<br />
<sup>1</sup>quanto mais para estudar a insípida cartilha.<br />
Mas se o pai do menino é da oposição,<br />
à <sup>2</sup>ilustríssima autoridade municipal,<br />
prima por sua vez da <sup>3</sup>sacratíssima<br />
autoridade nacional,<br />
<sup>4</sup>ah, isso não: o vagabundo<br />
ficará mofando lá fora<br />
e leva no boletim uma galáxia de zeros.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A gente aprende muito no portão<br />
fechado.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ANDRADE, Carlos Drummond de. In: <i>Carlos
Drummond de Andrade: Poesia e Prosa. </i>Editora Nova Aguilar:1988. p.
506-507. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considere as seguintes afirmações sobre
os dois versos finais.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I. A separação desses dois versos em uma estrofe é
um recurso que enfatiza as ideias de exclusão, parcialidade e preconceito
presentes no poema.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II. Os dois versos constituem um enunciado que expressa
uma afirmação de valor individual ou particular.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III. Esse enunciado apresenta a estrutura
linguística do axioma (máxima, provérbio, anexim): é breve, expressa um
conceito sobre a realidade, tem o objetivo de ensinar e emprega o presente do
indicativo.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Está correto o que se afirma apenas
em <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) II. <br />
b) I e III. <br />
c) II e III. <br />
d) I. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">19. (Enem 2013) Gripado, penso entre
espirros em como a palavra gripe nos chegou após uma série de contágios entre
línguas. Partiu da Itália em 1743 a epidemia de gripe que disseminou pela
Europa, além do vírus propriamente dito, dois vocábulos virais: o italiano <i>influenza</i> e
o francês <i>grippe</i>. O primeiro era um termo derivado do latim
medieval<i>influentia</i>, que significava “influência dos astros sobre os
homens”. O segundo era apenas a forma nominal do verbo <i>gripper</i>,
isto é, “agarrar”. Supõe-se que fizesse referência ao modo violento como o
vírus se apossa do organismo infectado.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">RODRIGUES, S. “Sobre palavras”. <i>Veja</i>,
São Paulo, 30 nov. 2011.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Para se entender o trecho como uma
unidade de sentido, é preciso que o leitor reconheça a ligação entre seus elementos.
Nesse texto, a coesão é construída predominantemente pela retomada de um termo
por outro e pelo uso da elipse. O fragmento do texto em que há coesão por
elipse do sujeito é:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“[…] a palavra gripe nos chegou após
uma série de contágios entre línguas.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“Partiu da Itália em 1743 a epidemia de gripe […]”.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“O primeiro era um termo derivado do
latim medieval<i>influentia</i>, que significava ‘influência dos astros sobre
os homens’.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“O segundo era apenas a forma nominal do
verbo <i>gripper </i>[…]”.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“Supõe-se que fizesse referência ao
modo violento como o vírus se apossa do organismo infectado.” </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">20. (Ufpr 2013) Ao realizar um
experimento no laboratório da escola, um estudante fez as seguintes anotações:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">2 frascos com substâncias em pó, uma
amarela, outra branca.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">10 gramas de cada uma, usando uma
balança de precisão.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Colocadas em uma placa de vidro e
misturadas com uma espátula.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Água em cima da mistura, com um
conta-gotas: 2 gotas.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A mistura ficou alaranjada, esquentou e
soltou uma fumaça branca. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Ao fazer o relatório do experimento, o
estudante teve várias dúvidas em relação à redação e escreveu cinco versões,
reproduzidas nas alternativas a seguir. Assinale a que faz um relato de forma
objetiva, correta e em linguagem adequada a um relatório.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) Usando uma placa de vidro. Sobre a mesma,
pinguei 2 gotas de água em cima. Antes tirei dos frascos contendo as substâncias
e misturei 10 gramas do pó A (amarelo) e 10 do pó B (branco) com uma espátula.
Depois observei que a mistura ficou alaranjada, esquentou e saiu uma fumaça
branca. Foi isso que eu fiz e observei. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) A mistura em cima da placa de vidro esquentou,
mudou de cor e soltou uma fumaça branca. Isso aconteceu depois que os pós
branco e amarelo foram pesados em uma balança de precisão, colocados em cima da
placa de vidro, 10 gramas de cada, tudo misturado com uma espátula. A água de
um conta-gotas pingou em cima. Foram 2 gotas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Primeiro peguei 10 gramas das substâncias em pó,
que estavam em frascos, uma amarela (A) outra branca (B) e coloquei ambas em
uma placa de vidro, onde misturei com uma espátula, com 2 gotas de água em
cima. Saiu uma fumaça branca e ficou alaranjada. Conclusão: a mistura das
substâncias esquentaram. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Sobre uma placa de vidro foram colocados 10
gramas de cada uma das substâncias A (amarela) e B (branca), em pó, que foram
depois misturadas com uma espátula. Com o auxílio de um conta-gotas, foram
acrescentadas 2 gotas d'água. Observou-se então o aquecimento da mistura, que,
além disso, tornou-se alaranjada e desprendeu uma fumaça branca. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) De um frasco com um pó branco e outro amarelo
foram subtraídas 10 gramas dos mesmos e colocados ambos em uma placa de vidro.
A mistura então desprendeu uma fumaça branca, a temperatura da mesma se elevou
tornando-se alaranjada. Isso aconteceu após as substâncias serem misturadas
entre si e com 2 gotas de água respectivamente. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">21. (Ueg 2013) BRASIL E ÁFRICA
SUBSAARIANA: PARCERIA SUL-SUL PARA O CRESCIMENTO</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Atualmente, Brasil e África vêm restabelecendo
ligações que <sup>1</sup><u>poderão</u> ter efeitos importantes sobre
a prosperidade e o desenvolvimento de ambos. Na última década, a África
tornou-se um continente de oportunidades, com tendências econômicas positivas e
uma melhor governança. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O crescimento de alguns países africanos, sua
resistência às crises globais recentes e a implementação de reformas de
políticas que fortaleceram os mercados e a governança democrática vêm
expandindo o comércio e o investimento na região. Apesar dessa tendência
positiva, muitos países africanos ainda enfrentam enormes gargalos de
infraestrutura, são vulneráveis à mudança do clima e apresentam capacidade
institucional deficiente. Consequentemente, a ajuda para o desenvolvimento
continua sendo uma das principais fontes de apoio ao desenvolvimento em vários
países do continente, de modo que a transferência e a troca de conhecimento
ainda são necessidades prementes. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A partir do final século XX, a África se tornou um
dos principais temas da agenda externa do Brasil, que tem demonstrado um
interesse cada vez maior em apoiar e participar do desenvolvimento de um
continente que se encontra em rápida transformação. A intensificação do
engajamento do Brasil com a África não somente demonstra a ambição geopolítica
e o interesse econômico do Brasil: os fortes laços históricos e a afinidade com
a África diferenciam o Brasil dos demais membros originais do BRICs [grupo
formado inicialmente por Brasil, Rússia, Índia e China e que incluiu depois a
África do Sul]. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O crescimento econômico do Brasil, sua atuação
crescente no cenário mundial, o sucesso alcançado com a redução da desigualdade
social e a experiência de desenvolvimento oferecem lições importantes para os
países africanos que, dessa forma, buscam cada vez mais a cooperação,
assistência técnica e investimentos do Brasil. Ao mesmo tempo, multinacionais
brasileiras, organizações não governamentais e diversos grupos sociais passaram
a incluir a África em seus planos. <i>Em outras palavras, a nova África
coincide com o Brasil global</i>. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Complementando as fortes ligações históricas e
culturais, a tecnologia brasileira <sup>2</sup><u>parece</u> ser de
fácil adaptabilidade a muitos países africanos em razão das semelhanças
geofísicas de solo e de clima. O sucesso recente do Brasil no plano social e
econômico atraiu a atenção de muitos países de língua portuguesa com os quais o
país possui ligações históricas. </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 8pt; text-align: center;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwoQJQUkl80zMRpD8asR-1BGRsX_k7Edd9Z0DOH2FXteTIe4bi3OPOHt_gEAZlkkjH-oZs--wnFfna7keFK110o7GJ6IDiS3m9cXXF7hQyxjJU7pbq_Mxdc45BWXMwG2VYHo5rLHCs7byX_aJ-AXYky32CoQcgNumkeje2aU4wOVQpwEtYnO58Qm0ECWB6/s530/Ora%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20-%20Per%C3%ADodo23.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="521" data-original-width="530" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwoQJQUkl80zMRpD8asR-1BGRsX_k7Edd9Z0DOH2FXteTIe4bi3OPOHt_gEAZlkkjH-oZs--wnFfna7keFK110o7GJ6IDiS3m9cXXF7hQyxjJU7pbq_Mxdc45BWXMwG2VYHo5rLHCs7byX_aJ-AXYky32CoQcgNumkeje2aU4wOVQpwEtYnO58Qm0ECWB6/s16000/Ora%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20-%20Per%C3%ADodo23.png" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 8pt; text-align: center;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No que se refere à diplomacia, o Brasil mantém
atualmente 37 embaixadas na África, comparado a 17 em 2002, um incremento
correspondido pelo aumento do número de embaixadas africanas no Brasil: desde
2003, 17 embaixadas foram abertas em Brasília, somando-se às 16 já existentes,
o que representa a maior concentração de embaixadas no Hemisfério Sul. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os países da África Subsaariana solicitam
cooperação com o Brasil em cinco áreas principais: agricultura tropical;
medicina tropical; ensino técnico (em apoio ao setor industrial); energia; e
proteção social (figura 1). (Áreas de interesse relativamente menor incluem
ensino superior, esportes e ação afirmativa.). </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No que se refere à agricultura, a Empresa de
Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), em parceria com várias outras instituições
brasileiras de pesquisa, atua com parceiros locais na implementação de projetos
modelo em agricultura com o objetivo de reproduzir o sucesso alcançado no
cerrado brasileiro – semelhante a alguns solos africanos − e aprimorar o
desenvolvimento agrícola e o agronegócio na África. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Investimentos do setor privado brasileiro na África
tiveram início nos anos 1980 e chegaram a tal ponto que atualmente as empresas
brasileiras atuam em quase todas as regiões do continente, com atividades
concentradas nas áreas de infraestrutura, energia e mineração. A presença do
Brasil chama a atenção devido à forma como as empresas brasileiras realizam
seus negócios; elas tendem a contratar mão de obra local para seus projetos,
favorecendo o desenvolvimento de capacidades locais, o que acaba por elevar a
qualidade dos serviços e produtos. Dado o ambiente de negócios favorável aos
investimentos brasileiros na África, a Agência Brasileira de Exportação vem
fomentando a presença de pequenas e médias empresas no continente, por meio de
feiras de negócios, por exemplo. As tendências analisadas em estudos
internacionais indicam que o Brasil e a África desenvolvem, em conjunto, um
modelo de relações Sul-Sul que <sup>3</sup><u>pode</u> ajudar a
reunir os dois lados do Atlântico. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Embora as relações entre o Brasil e a África tenham
se intensificado muito na última década, ainda existem desafios consideráveis.
Em particular, existe um desconhecimento nos dois lados do Atlântico. A maioria
dos brasileiros possui conhecimento limitado e normalmente desatualizado sobre
a África; as poucas informações que têm, muitas vezes, se limitam a Angola,
Moçambique e, às vezes, à África do Sul. A burocracia de ambos os lados atrasa
o comércio marítimo que chega a levar 80 dias, em vez de 10. O Banco
Mundial <sup>4</sup><u>poderia</u> contribuir para a superação desses
obstáculos, de modo a favorecer a ampliação do relacionamento entre a África e
o Brasil e trazer benefícios adicionais para todos. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">BANCO MUNDIAL/IPEA. <i>Ponte sobre
o Atlântico</i>. Brasil e África Subsaariana: parceria Sul-Sul para o crescimento.
Brasília: [s.n.], 2011. p. 1-8. (Adaptado). </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No trecho “O crescimento econômico do
Brasil, sua atuação crescente no cenário mundial, o sucesso alcançado com a
redução da desigualdade social e a experiência de desenvolvimento oferecem
lições importantes para os países africanos que, dessa forma, buscam cada vez
mais a cooperação, assistência técnica e investimentos do Brasil”, são
encontradas</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) uma oração e um período composto por
coordenação. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) duas orações e um período composto por subordinação.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) três orações e um período composto por
coordenação. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) quatro orações e um período composto por
subordinação. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">22. (Ufpr 2013) </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Dez anos de Flip</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Ao mesmo tempo, poucos eventos culturais despertam
reações tão contraditórias quanto a Flip (Festa Literária Internacional de
Paraty), desde que, há dez anos, ela fez de Paraty uma das capitais mundiais da
literatura. Recorrendo à polarização proposta por Umberto Eco décadas atrás, há
os apocalípticos e os integrados. Para os primeiros, a Flip é um show midiático
patrocinado pelas grandes corporações da vida editorial, uma prova de como o
capitalismo compra e corrompe tudo – e podemos encontrar sinais de "apocalipse"
até no insuspeito escritor Jonathan Franzen (capa da <i>Time </i>como
"o romancista da América"). Em sua palestra lembrou que, ao chegar a
Paraty, encontrou placas enormes com propaganda de um cartão de crédito e,
sussurrou, conspirador, "isso já diz muita coisa". Os americanos
também adoram falar mal do dinheiro. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Franzen é um realista de carteirinha. Mas outro
grande escritor, este de vocação nefelibata, o espanhol Enrique Vila-Matas,
denuncia com uma certa volúpia a "extinção da literatura", entregue
hoje ao horror das leis do mercado. Bem, não tomemos ao pé da letra a
afirmação, uma licença poética transcendente – segundo o clássico gosto
ibérico, a realidade é uma consequência do desejo, e não o contrário. A ideia
apocalíptica pressupõe uma utopia poética, mas também política, redentora e
pura, onde a arte, enfim, brilhará como um diamante intocado pelo mundo
real. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Enquanto isso não acontece, os integrados leem
livros, pedem autógrafos, lotam as tendas da Flip, bebem cachaça, passeiam pela
cidade histórica, conversam fiado, odeiam alguns autores e amam outros; há um
clima de devoção e um culto das celebridades que faz parte do pacote (a diária
num hotel de Paraty durante a Flip é uma das mais caras do mundo).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Adaptado de TEZZA, Cristovão. Dez anos
de Flip. <i>Gazeta do Povo, </i>30 jul. 2012.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Em que alternativa o texto foi
sintetizado adequadamente?</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) As contradições da Flip são explicitadas por
alguns escritores, chamados de apocalípticos, que adoram falar mal do dinheiro.
Um deles é o insuspeito Jonathan Franzen, conhecido como "o romancista da
América". Mas as diárias de um hotel durante o evento são caríssimas.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) A Flip desperta reações contraditórias. Para
resolver isso, a organização deveria ter mais cuidado na escolha dos
patrocinadores, pois o capitalismo compra e corrompe tudo. Quem aponta isso é o
espanhol Enrique Vila-Matas, segundo o qual as leis de mercado estão destruindo
a literatura. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) O público que frequenta a Flip não está
interessado nas polêmicas dos escritores convidados para o evento, sejam eles
apocalípticos ou integrados, segundo a polarização formulada por Umberto Eco.
Quer aproveitar a festa: passear, conversar, conseguir autógrafos, tirar o
maior proveito possível do alto preço pago pela hospedagem. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Segundo Umberto Eco, há os apocalípticos e os
integrados. Na Flip, os dois grupos têm reações contraditórias: os primeiros
falam mal do dinheiro, os outros gastam sem reclamar. Mas para ambos o evento
pode ser definido como um show para a promoção e divulgação internacional de
autores e obras de interesse das grandes corporações editoriais. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) Desde sua criação, a Flip provoca reações
contraditórias: de um lado há os que consideram o evento um espetáculo em que
predominam os interesses das grandes editoras; de outro os que curtem o evento
sem maiores questionamentos. A partir da dicotomia proposta por Umberto Eco, os
primeiros seriam os apocalípticos e os últimos os integrados. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">23. (Unesp 2013) A questão toma
por base um poema de Luís Delfino (1834-1910) e a reprodução de um mosaico da
Catedral de Monreale.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Jesus Pantocrátor</span></i></b><b><sup><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">1</span></sup></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Há na Itália, em Palermo, ou pouco ao pé,
na igreja<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">De Monreale, feita em mosaico, a divina<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Figura de Jesus Pantocrátor: domina<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Aquela face austera, aquele olhar
troveja.</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 6pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Não: aquela cabeça é de um Deus, não se
inclina.<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">À árida pupila a doce, a benfazeja<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Lágrima falta, e o peito enorme não arqueja<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">À dor. Fê-lo tremendo a ficção
bizantina</span></i><sup><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">2</span></sup><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">. </span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 6pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Este criou o inferno, e o espetáculo
hediondo<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Que há nos frescos</span></i><sup><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">3</span></sup><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> <i>de
Santo Stefano Rotondo</i><sup>4</sup><i>; Este do mundo antigo espedaçado
assoma...</i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 6pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Este não redimiu; não foi à Cruz:
olhai-o:<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Tem o anátema</span></i><sup><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">5</span></sup><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> <i>à
boca, às duas mãos o raio,<o:p></o:p></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">E em vez do espinho à fronte as três
coroas de Roma.</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Luís Delfino. <i>Rosas negras</i>,
1938.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(1) <i>Pantocrátor</i>: que tudo rege, que
governa tudo.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(2) <i>Bizantina</i>: referente ao Império
Romano do Oriente (330-1453 d.C.) e às manifestações culturais desse império.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(3) <i>Fresco</i>: o mesmo que <i>afresco, </i>pintura
mural que resulta da aplicação de cores diluídas em água sobre um revestimento
ainda fresco de argamassa, para facilitar a absorção da tinta.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(4) <i>Santo Stefano Rotondo</i>: igreja erigida
por volta de 460 d.C., em Roma, em homenagem a Santo Estêvão (<i>Stefano</i>,
em italiano), mártir do cristianismo.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(5) <i>Anátema</i>: reprovação enérgica,
sentença de maldição que expulsa da Igreja, excomunhão. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjx5HCDIrTC5ziZPauQwsD2kLK1e4yi0cw31OJbIOPHNaGRdWP9zrCBKseM3J-D7ZqrVDxNej7p8zOgrZUt7y5xZ8vNFoNt20OiD3Mz5GRxyAVymk-fHwkVE31-YXd10XfnNI9GZORnbYmELbNFz8qmoyxJz4iY6CU_MyQVs76GbBYMJn2YMehOXUwCCn5/s400/Ora%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20-%20Per%C3%ADodo234.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="371" data-original-width="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjx5HCDIrTC5ziZPauQwsD2kLK1e4yi0cw31OJbIOPHNaGRdWP9zrCBKseM3J-D7ZqrVDxNej7p8zOgrZUt7y5xZ8vNFoNt20OiD3Mz5GRxyAVymk-fHwkVE31-YXd10XfnNI9GZORnbYmELbNFz8qmoyxJz4iY6CU_MyQVs76GbBYMJn2YMehOXUwCCn5/s16000/Ora%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20-%20Per%C3%ADodo234.png" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A inversão das posições usuais dos
termos da oração, provocada pela necessidade de completar o número de sílabas e
obedecer às posições dos acentos tônicos nos versos, por vezes dificulta a
percepção das relações sintáticas entre esses termos. É o caso da oração
destacada, que ocupa o sexto e parte do sétimo versos. Em discurso não
versificado, essa oração apresentaria usualmente a seguinte disposição de
termos:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) A doce, a benfazeja lágrima falta à árida
pupila. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) A doce, a benfazeja pupila falta à árida
lágrima. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Falta a lágrima a doce, a benfazeja à árida
pupila. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Falta à pupila a árida, a doce, a benfazeja
lágrima. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) À pupila doce a lágrima, a árida, a benfazeja
falta. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">24. (Unifesp 2013) <i>Quando o
falante de uma língua depara um conjunto de duas palavras, intuitivamente é
levado a sentir entre elas uma relação sintática, mesmo que estejam fora de um
contexto mais esclarecedor.</i></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assim, além de captar o sentido básico
das duas palavras, o receptor atribui-lhes uma gramática – formas e conexões.
Isso acontece porque ele traz registrada em sua mente toda a sintaxe, todos os
padrões conexionais possíveis em sua língua, o que o torna capaz de
reconhecê-los e identificá-los. As duas palavras não estão, para ele, apenas
dispostas em ordem linear: estão organizadas em uma ordem estrutural.</span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A diferença entre ordem estrutural e
ordem linear torna-se clara se elas não coincidem, como nesta frase que um
aluno criou em aula de redação, quando todos deviam compor um texto para </span></i></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">outdoor<i>, sobre uma fotografia da célebre cabra
de Picasso: “Beba leite de cabra em pó!”. Como todos rissem, o autor da frase
emendou: “Beba leite em pó de cabra!”.</i></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Pior a emenda do que o soneto.</span></i></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Flávia de Barros Carone. <i>Morfossintaxe</i>,
1986. Adaptado.) </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">De acordo com o texto, a ordem
estrutural diz respeito à macroestrutura da frase e a ordem linear à
manifestação concreta, palavra após palavra, dos constituintes da oração.
Assinale a alternativa em que, no par de palavras em destaque, em texto de
Paulo Cesarino Costa, publicado na <i>Folha de S.Paulo </i>de
02.08.2012, há coincidência entre essas duas ordens.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) <i>Exceto pelo fato de que dividirão, com
outras dezenas de esportes, as atenções de TVs e rádios, portais de internet,
jornais e revistas nos próximos dias numa <b>rara disputa</b>, de onde
sairão dois retratos do Brasil. </i> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) <i>Nas paredes do Instituto Moreira Salles,
pode-se ver <b>diferentes concepções </b>de fotojornalismo: da beleza
pouco comprometida com a veracidade de Jean Manzon à objetividade das imagens
de guerra de Luciano Carneiro. </i> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) <i>Num mundo cada vez mais dominado pela
reprodução eletrônica e imagética dos acontecimentos, há uma <b>interessante
oportunidade </b>de resgatar o momento em que a imagem começou a
questionar o poder da palavra. </i> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) <i>A revista </i>O Cruzeiro <i>seguia
a cartilha da revista norte-americana </i>Life<i>, que preconizava
“um <b>novo jornalismo</b>, no qual as imagens formam o texto e as
palavras ilustram as imagens”. </i> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) <i>Serão 11 estrelas na tela, mas os
ministros do STF e suas capas negras pouco têm a ver com os 11 amarelinhos de
Mano Menezes na busca do <b>ouro olímpico</b>.</i> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">25. (IFSP 2013) Leia o seguinte
trecho de uma receita de cozinha.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">1. Misture a manteiga com a farinha
peneirada e junte sal. Incorpore depois o ovo e a gema.2. Adicione o leite, aos
poucos, mexendo sempre até obter um preparado uniforme. (...)4. Vire a panqueca
para que cozinhe de ambos os lados. Retire e recheie com uma fatia de queijo e
outra de presunto. Enrole, dobre as pontas e sirva.</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A primeira orientação para o preparo da
receita de panqueca é apresentada em duas frases. É possível reescrevê-las em
uma única frase, sem alterar a informação original, da seguinte maneira:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) Assim que incorporar o ovo e a gema, misture a
manteiga com a farinha peneirada e junte sal. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) Sucedendo a incorporação do ovo e da gema,
misture a manteiga com a farinha peneirada e junte sal. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Antes da incorporação do ovo e da gema, misture
a manteiga com a farinha peneirada e junte sal. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Depois de incorporar o ovo e a gema, misture a
manteiga com a farinha peneirada e junte sal. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) Quando incorporar o ovo e a gema, misture a
manteiga com a farinha peneirada e junte sal. <o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.portaldovestibulando.com/2023/06/frase-oracao-e-periodo-gabarito.html" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="55" data-original-width="266" height="55" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQmVPA4hz4nOdb_p4VGjm1W-KP_zVqkFGnMrz9ix40Zm3tzQ05rWv7I5-1mkSs8B8d2um8keFTzGtTXayAsbD_RvCTGBptHvsJku2s5ego4ew5O-Hw0yDfIpnDlS69wfD9K3a7_EZsn-2pS53cDxNi3qAjKECILUlmUm4CYMArOeoaLsjVGUlxdNDmnDWM/s1600/Gabarito.png" width="266" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/file/vvp2uva6321z51e/L%25C3%25ADngua_Portuguesa_-_Frase_-_Ora%25C3%25A7%25C3%25A3o_-_Per%25C3%25ADodo.pdf/file" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnPbBDQdAGu_ku1rW-SFz3Ul1vxXr7Iry4EZ29W4krpSip0CVjKkEcK4a1kb-lsJ2RinaNnn4JJQ2pmxW-RpoeV3sHgse-OtozmAcEUF8cVaqoFZcugjWEF8tZJM-1z0SB-gUZ0kDzFpPujfoZXm-t1CQOn6k_nR-Qv_R8JrWNV4rZ94CIoNuT-hiHDueD/s1600/Lista%20de%20exerc%C3%ADcios.png" width="275" /></a></div><br />Portal do Vestibulandohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03466686065222700679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5538522159417475835.post-25976360744573783062023-06-27T10:24:00.010-04:002023-06-27T10:31:20.810-04:00Termologia: Dilatação - Lista de Exercícios - Simulado<p> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">1. (Pucpr 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considere as duas situações ilustradas a seguir.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVf8KKPKIv23tVHUgRbKq0Fu0IBZ7zUKCwTacSGuqNyj01Y5Tu5aMfa-yiUAcpgJ6vz5yB35w1gb-ZuwkFm1W70iKgPKCk8vCMcvx3n4BpFzNw-TWdRtPvkCT4auy_ON_FYEPg77X3DnvMI6kcD01Z95-0ihxm0_EKAec5v0IyZEJJ7MJvyN0xXQ-3bpEo/s503/Dilata%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="243" data-original-width="503" height="155" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVf8KKPKIv23tVHUgRbKq0Fu0IBZ7zUKCwTacSGuqNyj01Y5Tu5aMfa-yiUAcpgJ6vz5yB35w1gb-ZuwkFm1W70iKgPKCk8vCMcvx3n4BpFzNw-TWdRtPvkCT4auy_ON_FYEPg77X3DnvMI6kcD01Z95-0ihxm0_EKAec5v0IyZEJJ7MJvyN0xXQ-3bpEo/s320/Dilata%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" width="320" /></a></b></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Na primeira situação, uma esfera metálica oca de
massa m, cuja temperatura é de 20 °C, flutua em água também a 20 °C, com parte
de seu volume submerso. Na segunda situação, a mesma esfera é aquecida até 80
°C e colocada em água a 20 °C, onde também flutua em equilíbrio. Levando em
conta os efeitos da dilatação térmica sofrida pela esfera, considere as
afirmativas a seguir.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 8.5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I. Quando comparada à primeira situação, quando a
temperatura da esfera é de 80 °C e da água é de 20 °C, o volume submerso da
esfera é igual, e o percentual submerso em relação ao volume total é menor. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II. Quando comparada à primeira situação, quando a
temperatura da esfera é de 80 °C e da água é de 20 °C, o volume submerso da
esfera é maior, e o percentual submerso em relação ao volume total é igual. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III. Na situação em que a temperatura da esfera é
de 80 °C e da água é de 20 °C, passa a ocorrer troca de calor entre ambas a uma
taxa constante no tempo, até que se obtenha o equilíbrio térmico.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">É(são) CORRETA(S) apenas a(s) afirmativa(s) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I e III.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II e
III. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">2. (Puccamp 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Uma barra de ferro de comprimento L<sub>0</sub>, à
temperatura θ<sub>0</sub>, tem seu comprimento aumentado de L ao sofrer uma
variação de temperatura θ, sem que ocorra mudança de estado. Outra barra de
ferro de comprimento 3 L<sub>0</sub>, à temperatura θ<sub>0</sub>, ao sofrer
uma variação de temperatura 2 θ</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">,</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> sem que ocorra mudança de estado, tem seu
comprimento aumentado de </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">L </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">1,5 L </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">2 L </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">3 L </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">6 L </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">3. (Esc. Naval 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Observe a figura abaixo.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 4pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEik9KbQroyjh4MZOdacbTCCD1EmVd00MAgCPhlRxkLxNvtuaGvZw1YMineuCvABokg-3dQza_bHtSB1myI2ggpxdM3s7nZfLJ6-qoG-XYpnpLWaFFPRMpJC_By1dpe1Bu8CcSsM47Ky8xWOSP0K59sJTyixSmfyN1KK9nA4Q3iV5NG60AbGFW25_rlpeh2_/s536/Dilata%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="332" data-original-width="536" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEik9KbQroyjh4MZOdacbTCCD1EmVd00MAgCPhlRxkLxNvtuaGvZw1YMineuCvABokg-3dQza_bHtSB1myI2ggpxdM3s7nZfLJ6-qoG-XYpnpLWaFFPRMpJC_By1dpe1Bu8CcSsM47Ky8xWOSP0K59sJTyixSmfyN1KK9nA4Q3iV5NG60AbGFW25_rlpeh2_/s320/Dilata%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" width="320" /></a></b></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A figura acima mostra uma barra composta por dois
materiais metálicos distintos 1 e 2, cujos comprimentos, a uma temperatura T<sub>0</sub>,
são L<sub>1</sub> e L<sub>2</sub>, com L<sub>1 </sub>= 1,5 L<sub>2</sub>. A
barra encontra-se apoiada sobre dois cilindros presos a uma haste vertical, que
podem girar, sem atrito, em torno de seus respectivos eixos. A barra toca os
cilindros em suas extremidades nos pontos P e Q e é aquecida a uma determinada
temperatura T<sub>F</sub>. A medida que ocorre a dilatação térmica linear da
barra, os cilindros A, de raio R<sub>A</sub>, e B, de raio R<sub>B</sub>, com R<sub>A
</sub>= 1,2 R<sub>B</sub>, giram em torno de seus respectivos eixos 45° e 60°,
respectivamente, a partir de seus pontos de contato com a barra. Sabendo que a
barra não desliza sobre os cilindros e que α<sub>1</sub> e α<sub>2</sub> são os
coeficientes de dilatação térmica lineares, respectivamente, dos materiais 1 e
2, qual a razão α<sub>1/</sub>α<sub>2</sub>? </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) 3/5</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) 3/4</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) 9/10</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">1 </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) 8/5</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">4. (Ufpr 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Na questão, as medições são feitas por um
referencial inercial. O módulo da aceleração gravitacional é representado por
g. Onde for necessário, use g = 10 m/s<sup>2</sup> para o módulo da aceleração
gravitacional.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Uma barra metálica retilínea tem um comprimento
inicial L<sub>0</sub>. a uma temperatura T<sub>0</sub>. O material do qual a
barra é feita tem um coeficiente de dilatação linear térmico de valor α = 5 x
10<sup>-6</sup> °C<sup>-1</sup>. Considerando as informações apresentadas,
assinale a alternativa que apresenta corretamente o valor da variação de
temperatura ΔT necessária para que essa barra apresente uma variação ΔL em seu
comprimento igual a 0,2% de seu comprimento inicial. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ΔT =
500°C </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ΔT =
400°C </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ΔT =
300°C </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ΔT =
200°C </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ΔT =
100°C </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">5. (Upe-ssa 2 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Em um projeto de um pequeno motor elétrico para uso
em um robô humanoide, utilizam-se parafusos e placas fabricados com diferentes
materiais. O coeficiente de dilatação linear de uma seleção de materiais de
fabricação está informado na tabela a seguir:</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGxf7Ts24u-83LJOoPOukXF2C7XuztCKmFcCpx0gTQDCRUaKGLiFwvYUmVHmL7QW3wa0Qsa_v-1Y0U8xv7LCpoxx886Z-AnlLkMWO9_SMeUGVTMw5SXkq3MKWZkjsBWLjXfpVUKPtAuLGLgnJp3VybbjP9G5CTDvvaEdqXy0CbewXjxq99TWo6oxuHFJze/s343/Dilata%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="172" data-original-width="343" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGxf7Ts24u-83LJOoPOukXF2C7XuztCKmFcCpx0gTQDCRUaKGLiFwvYUmVHmL7QW3wa0Qsa_v-1Y0U8xv7LCpoxx886Z-AnlLkMWO9_SMeUGVTMw5SXkq3MKWZkjsBWLjXfpVUKPtAuLGLgnJp3VybbjP9G5CTDvvaEdqXy0CbewXjxq99TWo6oxuHFJze/s16000/Dilata%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considere um motor onde duas placas metálicas são
fixadas por um parafuso também metálico que as perfura. Supondo que as peças
foram projetadas e fabricadas para encaixar adequadamente a 25 °C, analise as
sentenças a seguir e assinale a CORRETA.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Um parafuso
de zinco em placas de alumínio apresentará folga, se a temperatura de operação
do motor for de 30°C. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Placas
de aço podem apresentar microfissuras, se presas por um parafuso de latão
funcionando em temperaturas de 10°C. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Um
parafuso de bronze apresentará um aumento de passo maior que um parafuso de
alumínio, quando observados a 60°C. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Um
parafuso de cobre manterá uma boa fixação de placas de aço, quando a
temperatura de operação for 27°C. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Placas
de alumínio encolhem menos que placas de latão, se a temperatura for reduzida a
4°C. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">6. (Uerj 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Em um instituto de análises físicas, uma placa de
determinado material passa por um teste que verifica o percentual de variação
de sua área ao ser submetida a aumento de temperatura. Antes do teste, a placa,
que tem área igual a 3,0x10<sup>3</sup>cm<sup>2</sup></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">,</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> encontra-se a 20 °C; ao ser colocada no forno, sua
temperatura atinge 60 °C. Sabe-se que o coeficiente de dilatação linear do
material que a constitui é igual a 1,5x10<sup>-5</sup> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">°C</span><b><sup><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">-1</span></sup></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Nesse teste, o percentual de variação da área da
placa foi de: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">0,16% </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">0,12% </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">0,8% </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">0,6% </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">7. (Uel 2020) </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A figura a seguir mostra a
estrutura de um Relógio de Pêndulo exposto no Museu de Ciências britânico.
Planejado por Galileo Galilei, seu princípio de funcionamento é baseado na
regularidade da oscilação (isocronismo) de um pêndulo.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDIkyovAVp9oteYKVV_TJqkzkQXBEQ-ljDWgoZEI69UrT5khqd2y_7YONDCm3l1az7ko0i0cXrt51ckRE6B3Rgixx0O6TTV3oyPnwfLO6JgdewjILLpMA6XHa7xuC8WD3y5Rr5HmOZnzIbd4rfPpXOtSbNvpi7tpf7hniwSa4523HU9Q590pMg2_c9TWcs/s484/Dilata%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="484" data-original-width="385" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDIkyovAVp9oteYKVV_TJqkzkQXBEQ-ljDWgoZEI69UrT5khqd2y_7YONDCm3l1az7ko0i0cXrt51ckRE6B3Rgixx0O6TTV3oyPnwfLO6JgdewjILLpMA6XHa7xuC8WD3y5Rr5HmOZnzIbd4rfPpXOtSbNvpi7tpf7hniwSa4523HU9Q590pMg2_c9TWcs/s320/Dilata%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" width="255" /></a></b></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Supondo que um “relógio” semelhante
ao da figura foi construído e calibrado para funcionar em uma temperatura
padrão de 18°C, mas que está exposto numa cidade cuja temperatura média no
verão é de 32°C e no inverno é de 14°C</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">,</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> é correto afirmar que esse relógio </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">atrasa no
inverno devido ao aumento da massa do pêndulo.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">adianta
no verão devido ao aumento da massa do pêndulo.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">adianta
no inverno devido à diminuição da frequência de oscilação.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">atrasa no
verão devido à diminuição da frequência de oscilação.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">funciona
pontualmente no inverno e no verão, pois a frequência é invariável.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">8. (Ita 2020) </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Num
ambiente controlado, o período de um pêndulo simples é medido a uma temperatura
T. Sendo </span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt;">α=</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">2x10<sup>-4</sup>
°C<sup>-1</sup> o coeficiente de dilatação linear do fio do pêndulo, e
considerando a aproximação binomial (1+x)<sup>n </sup>≈1+nx, para x</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-char-type: symbol; mso-symbol-font-family: Symbol;"></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">1, pode-se dizer que, com aumento
de 10°C o período do pêndulo <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">aumenta
de 0,1% </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">aumenta
de 0,05% </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">diminui
de 0,1% </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">diminui
de 0,05% </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">permanece
inalterado. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 35.4pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">9.
(Fac. Pequeno Príncipe - Medici 2020) </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Um funcionário que trabalha numa empresa que
fabrica produtos para laboratórios foi incumbido de projetar um termômetro,
destinado a medir a temperatura corpórea humana. O seu projeto de termômetro
consiste num reservatório (bulbo) de vidro conectado a um tubo capilar
graduado, cuja área da secção transversal é igual a 0,12mm<sup>2</sup>. No
interior do reservatório há álcool com corante, cujo coeficiente de dilatação
volumétrica é igual a 12·10<sup>-4</sup> °C<sup>-1</sup>. Conforme a
temperatura aumenta, o líquido dilata-se e sobe pelo tubo capilar, sendo que,
para cada altura da coluna líquida, associa-se uma temperatura. O termômetro
foi graduado de tal forma que cada 0,2°C corresponde a 2mm de coluna líquida,
totalizando 9cm de altura para 9°C de variação de temperatura, conforme mostra
a figura a seguir, que representa o termômetro a 35°C (neste caso o bulbo está
completamente cheio com um volume V<sub>0</sub> de álcool) e a 38°C. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoHeader" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 35.4pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifYCMEgrOpJ0GdgJ6jOnprkMEYfmzM_z8znRSSzIwICyehNYi9sU_nWxzj4cP9AD2ISH_h01i2axwluVoapxly46kBOmVSLu4CU9XFcQ2tFtbN1Wm4E6r2A7XIkOoGgaJS7gdVVVqpALcUxHJpcpB1aLJkXOFsbolgsLOhxdclt63pFolyhy5kfK4ufJ4S/s321/Dilata%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="321" data-original-width="237" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifYCMEgrOpJ0GdgJ6jOnprkMEYfmzM_z8znRSSzIwICyehNYi9sU_nWxzj4cP9AD2ISH_h01i2axwluVoapxly46kBOmVSLu4CU9XFcQ2tFtbN1Wm4E6r2A7XIkOoGgaJS7gdVVVqpALcUxHJpcpB1aLJkXOFsbolgsLOhxdclt63pFolyhy5kfK4ufJ4S/w148-h200/Dilata%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" width="148" /></a></b></div><p></p><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Considerando desprezível a dilatação do vidro na situação, é CORRETO afirmar que o volume V0 é de</b></div></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) 1cm<sup>3</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) 1,2cm<sup>3</sup></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) 100mm<sup>3</sup></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) 120mm<sup>3</sup></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) 500mm<sup>3</sup></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">10. (Ufrgs 2020) </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
diâmetro de um disco de metal aumenta 0,22% quando o disco é submetido a uma
variação de temperatura de 100°C.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Qual é o valor que melhor representa o coeficiente de dilatação linear
do metal de que é feito o disco? <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">a) 22x10<sup>-3</sup>/°C.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">b) 22x10</span><sup style="font-family: Cambria, serif;">-4</sup><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">/°C.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) 11x10<sup>-4</sup>/°C.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) 22x10<sup>-6</sup>/°C.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">e) 11x10<sup>-6</sup>/°C.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">11. (Ufms 2020) </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Durante uma demonstração sobre os
efeitos das dilatações, foram colocados em reservatórios iguais, de dimensões 0,8m,
0,2m e 0,3m, dois tipos de líquidos inflamáveis, que preencheram completamente
os reservatórios e que, quando foram acondicionados, estavam a uma temperatura
de 15°C</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">.</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">
Os reservatórios foram transportados para um laboratório onde ficaram expostos
a uma temperatura de 45°C</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Conhecendo os coeficientes de
dilatação volumétrica dos líquidos, sendo A=1,4·10<sup>-3</sup> °C<sup>-1</sup>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>e B=1,3·10<sup>-3</sup> °C<sup>-1</sup>,
e desconsiderando a dilatação do reservatório, é correto afirmar que o ocorrido
nas dilatações sofridas pelos líquidos A e B foi: </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">do
reservatório </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A,</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> vazaram menos de 1.500mL
e do reservatório </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">B,</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> mais de 2.000mL. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">do
reservatório </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A,</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> vazaram pelo menos 2,0
litros e do reservatório </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">B,</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> vazaram entre 1,8 e 1,9
litros. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">do
reservatório </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A,</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> vazaram entre 1,2 e 1,8
litros e do reservatório </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">B,</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> mais de 2,0 litros.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">do
reservatório </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">B,</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> vazaram entre 0,5 e 1,5
litros e do reservatório </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A,</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> menos de 2.000mL.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">do
reservatório B, vazaram no máximo 1,5 litros e do reservatório </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A,</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> vazaram entre 1,8 e 2,0 litros.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">12. (Uece 2019) </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considere quatro hastes metálicas com coeficiente de dilatação térmica <span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3pt;"><v:shape id="_x0000_i1031" o:ole="" style="height: 9.75pt; width: 9.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/jaugu/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image011.wmz">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.DSMT4" ShapeID="_x0000_i1031"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1749364821">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>e soldadas entre si de
modo a formar um quadrado de área A. Suponha que, em resposta a uma variação de
temperatura ΔT, as hastes dilatem linearmente e a área sofra um incremento dado
por ΔA=AKΔT.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Nessas condições, o coeficiente <span style="mso-text-raise: -2.0pt; position: relative; top: 2pt;"><v:shape id="_x0000_i1032" o:ole="" style="height: 12pt; width: 9.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/jaugu/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image012.wmz">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.DSMT4" ShapeID="_x0000_i1032"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1749364822">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pode ser dado por <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) 2α+α<sup>2</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ΔT.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) 2α</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ΔT.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) α</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ΔT</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) α</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">13. (Mackenzie 2019) </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Desertos
são locais com temperaturas elevadas, extremamente áridos e de baixa umidade
relativa do ar.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O deserto do Saara, por exemplo, apresenta uma elevada amplitude
térmica. Suas temperaturas podem ir de -10°C até 50°C ao longo de um único dia.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjteKumskE9Bs7gu7ByqQbY_WwasB7AxoZ4Quafyo4-WtELHYAseQoHsa3iLMvumvsoswxrKlOqM1VaIzsAqUEio9WOTm6QdlYo4zfsgNZOXGQYHtMVuxyid2dUQf--3J1WEFeHTvJgAdpOZrQOk-zMVDYe3syVG7zMDugPOVq7Bi7D0wMhMlxmCEOxdot9/s624/Dilata%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="389" data-original-width="624" height="199" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjteKumskE9Bs7gu7ByqQbY_WwasB7AxoZ4Quafyo4-WtELHYAseQoHsa3iLMvumvsoswxrKlOqM1VaIzsAqUEio9WOTm6QdlYo4zfsgNZOXGQYHtMVuxyid2dUQf--3J1WEFeHTvJgAdpOZrQOk-zMVDYe3syVG7zMDugPOVq7Bi7D0wMhMlxmCEOxdot9/s320/Dilata%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" width="320" /></a></b></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Uma chapa de ferro, cujo coeficiente de dilação linear é igual a 1,2·10<sup>-5</sup>
°C<sup>-1</sup>, é aquecida sendo submetida a uma variação de temperatura, que
representa a amplitude térmica do deserto do Saara, no exemplo dado
anteriormente.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considerando sua área inicial igual a 5m<sup>2</sup>, o aumento de sua
área, em m<sup>2</sup>, é de </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) 2,0·10<sup>-6</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) 4,0·10<sup>-3</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) 3,6·10<sup>-3</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) 7,2·10<sup>-3</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) 3,6·10<sup>-6</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">14. (Fgv 2018) </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
figura mostra o esquema de uma curiosa balança de dois braços em que cada braço
é feito de um material de coeficiente de dilatação linear diferente do
coeficiente de dilatação linear do outro. O peso dos braços é desprezível
comparado ao dos corpos A e B. O material em que se encontra pendurado o corpo A
tem coeficiente de dilatação linear maior do que aquele em que se encontra o
corpo B. A temperatura reinante é baixa, típica de uma madrugada de inverno, e
observa-se o equilíbrio estático na direção horizontal com o corpo A mais
distante do ponto de apoio P do que o corpo B.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 6pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvgJNI2vBySRSRcCoQBKL5siNy-MI0jeKKJlJUUqpCP8LokYU0UqkzUsDq_1F9msM4bdb3Nxq97srl5qaagT14ggxEIxL8oAe3qzyJqe1-wO_7KdSTTbDADAfXdspkN7foUT54iu4Wp-VxIyb_n0yz2bLiWE8Jmo5R6BapZA6rifI1_-0hKyUBFVMHWbeV/s459/Dilata%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="94" data-original-width="459" height="66" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvgJNI2vBySRSRcCoQBKL5siNy-MI0jeKKJlJUUqpCP8LokYU0UqkzUsDq_1F9msM4bdb3Nxq97srl5qaagT14ggxEIxL8oAe3qzyJqe1-wO_7KdSTTbDADAfXdspkN7foUT54iu4Wp-VxIyb_n0yz2bLiWE8Jmo5R6BapZA6rifI1_-0hKyUBFVMHWbeV/s320/Dilata%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" width="320" /></a></b></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O sistema é, então, submetido a uma elevação de temperatura
significativa, próxima à da ebulição da água sob pressão normal, por exemplo.
Sobre a situação descrita é correto afirmar que o peso do corpo A é </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">maior que
o peso do corpo B e, durante o aquecimento, a balança girará no sentido
anti-horário. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">menor que
o peso do corpo B e, durante o aquecimento, a balança girará no sentido
anti-horário. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">menor que
o peso do corpo B e, durante o aquecimento, a balança continuará equilibrada na
direção horizontal. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">maior que
o peso do corpo B e, durante o aquecimento, a balança continuará equilibrada na
direção horizontal. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">igual ao
de B e, durante o aquecimento, a balança girará no sentido horário. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 35.4pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">15.
(Upe-ssa 2 2018) </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O relé térmico é um dispositivo responsável
por proteger os motores elétricos de possíveis anomalias. A mais comum é o
sobreaquecimento do motor elétrico. </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoHeader" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 35.4pt; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Fonte: https://www.mundodaeletrica.com.br/o-que-e-um-rele-termico/,
acessado em 11 de julho de 2017.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Uma proposta de relé térmico consiste em duas barras de latão, uma
vertical e outra horizontal, acopladas, conforme ilustra a figura seguir. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Imagem_x0020_21" o:spid="_x0000_i1042" style="height: 137.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 261.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/jaugu/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image015.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7ZywiszlvNqLHdrROgwsZZRL6SkwYNGQ97ENtBIB7cGBLfFCOP8E8I7ItT9h3hIlweAVMkt8vPNF36YAthDIYYlXtDec-8aVPXKHjNd-II8v0Ewr9bjhpLQ2tEiFEPOnpA4gkWLc7mYYBCZY0JC8mlYMOBer9AIA0Md7HaZD2CpIU_5-io9bCXiqFobWN/s470/Dilata%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="291" data-original-width="470" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7ZywiszlvNqLHdrROgwsZZRL6SkwYNGQ97ENtBIB7cGBLfFCOP8E8I7ItT9h3hIlweAVMkt8vPNF36YAthDIYYlXtDec-8aVPXKHjNd-II8v0Ewr9bjhpLQ2tEiFEPOnpA4gkWLc7mYYBCZY0JC8mlYMOBer9AIA0Md7HaZD2CpIU_5-io9bCXiqFobWN/s320/Dilata%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" width="320" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A montagem está inicialmente à temperatura de 25°C; a barra horizontal
toca o contato A, e o sistema é articulado nos pontos E, F e G. A separação
entre os contatos elétricos A e B é de 0,25mm. Determine a temperatura da barra
vertical para que a barra horizontal encoste no contato B.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Dado: coeficiente de expansão térmica do latão =20x10<sup>-6</sup> °C<sup>-1</sup>
</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) 37,5</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">°C </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) 62,5</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">°C </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) 87,5</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">°C </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) 125,0</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">°C</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) 175,0</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">°C </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 35.4pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">16.
(Ifsul 2017) </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A cada ano, milhares de crianças sofrem queimaduras graves com água de
torneiras fervendo. A figura a seguir mostra uma vista em corte transversal de
um dispositivo antiescaldante, bem simplificado, para prevenir este tipo de
acidente.</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg-Q9QxZ3cvVW3Pcd9BYCT63elP5dEMkCySXs5wFd5DAgEpO4x7uVWPnMaFrkYhOPpKNGRT864-4rMjVBk6uaeVM2lgsAkktk2xzmo6P3wYAUzlDhVxuymECnlwvpdqszkRin99wAaziZEYGgzi43PmU475Pclt6qslT2QbieOwz64hLpS8Uzj4mklTCB5/s303/Dilata%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="303" data-original-width="223" height="303" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg-Q9QxZ3cvVW3Pcd9BYCT63elP5dEMkCySXs5wFd5DAgEpO4x7uVWPnMaFrkYhOPpKNGRT864-4rMjVBk6uaeVM2lgsAkktk2xzmo6P3wYAUzlDhVxuymECnlwvpdqszkRin99wAaziZEYGgzi43PmU475Pclt6qslT2QbieOwz64hLpS8Uzj4mklTCB5/s1600/Dilata%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" width="223" /></a></b></div>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 35.4pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Dentro do dispositivo, uma mola feita com material com um alto
coeficiente de expansão térmica controla o êmbolo removível. Quando a
temperatura da água se eleva acima de um valor seguro preestabelecido, a
expansão da mola faz com que o êmbolo corte o fluxo de água. Admita que o
comprimento inicial L da mola não tensionada seja de 2,40cm e que seu
coeficiente de expansão volumétrica seja de 66,0x10<sup>-6</sup> °C<sup>-1</sup>.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 35.4pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Nas condições acima propostas o aumento no comprimento da mola, quando a
temperatura da água se eleva de 30°C, é de </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Verdana; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) 1,58x10<sup>-3</sup>cm</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">4,74</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">x10<sup>-3</sup>cm</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) 3,16x10<sup>-3</sup>cm</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) 2,37x10<sup>-3</sup>cm</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">17. (Mackenzie 2017) </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Um
cubo regular homogêneo de aresta 20,0cm está inicialmente a 20,0°C. O</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">coeficiente de dilatação linear médio do material com que foi fabricado
é </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">2,00·10<sup>-5</sup>
°C <sup>-1</sup>. Aquecendo-se uniformemente o cubo com uma fonte de calor
constante durante 50,0s, a temperatura se eleva para 120,0°C. A dilatação
ocorrida em uma das superfícies do cubo é <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) 4,00·10<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>2</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) 8,00·10<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>2</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) 12,0·10<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>2</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) 16,0·10<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>2</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) 20,0·10<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>2</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">18. (Fgv 2017) </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Um bloco metálico, maciço,
homogêneo, de capacidade térmica C, é feito de um material de coeficiente de
dilatação linear <span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3pt;"><v:shape id="_x0000_i1033" o:ole="" style="height: 9.75pt; width: 9.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/jaugu/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image017.wmz">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.DSMT4" ShapeID="_x0000_i1033"
DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1749364823">
</o:OLEObject>
</xml><![endif]--><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>e ocupa um volume V<sub>0</sub>
à temperatura ambiente. Ele é colocado no interior de um forno quente e recebe
uma quantidade de calor Q até entrar em equilíbrio térmico com o forno sem
sofrer mudança de estado físico.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Como consequência, seu volume sofre
uma dilatação ΔV. Tal dilatação é diretamente proporcional a V<sub>0</sub>, <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) α, C e 1/Q </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) α</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">, Q e 1/C
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) C, Q e 1/α</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) α</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">, 1/Q e
1/C </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) Q, 1/α</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> e 1/C </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">19. (cftmg 2016) Para verificar se uma
pessoa está febril, pode-se usar um termômetro clínico de uso doméstico que
consiste em um líquido como o mercúrio colocado dentro de um tubo de vidro
graduado, fechado em uma das extremidades e com uma escala indicando os valores
de temperatura. Em seguida, coloca-se o termômetro debaixo da axila e
aguardam-se alguns minutos para fazer a leitura.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As afirmativas a seguir referem-se ao
funcionamento do termômetro.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I. A temperatura marcada no termômetro coincidirá
com a temperatura de ebulição do mercúrio do dispositivo.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II. A temperatura marcada na escala do termômetro
está relacionada com a dilatação térmica do mercúrio.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III. O tempo de espera citado acima refere-se ao
tempo necessário para que se atinja o equilíbrio térmico entre o paciente e o
termômetro.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">IV. Se a substância do mesmo termômetro for trocada
por álcool, a temperatura indicada será a mesma.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As afirmativas corretas são</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) I e II. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) I e IV. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) II e III. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) III e IV. </span><b style="text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">20. (ifsul 2016) Analise cada uma
das afirmativas abaixo, indicando, nos parênteses, se é verdadeira ou falsa, de
acordo com o estudo da Calorimetria.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">( ) A temperatura de 104<sup>o</sup>F corresponde
a 40<sup>o</sup>C.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">( ) A dilatação real de um
líquido, quando aquecido, representa a dilatação do frasco mais a dilatação
aparente do líquido.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">( ) A transmissão de calor por
convecção promove o movimento das camadas de um líquido ou de ar, sendo que as
camadas frias sobem e as camadas quentes descem, devido à diferença de
densidade entre elas.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">( ) A mudança de fase ocorre
sempre que, sob pressão constante, uma substância pura receba ou ceda calor,
sem que ocorra variação de temperatura.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">( ) A dilatação de uma certa massa
de gás perfeito, que sofre uma transformação isobárica, faz com que um aumento
de temperatura sobre esse gás provoque um aumento em seu volume.</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -25.5pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A sequência correta, de cima para
baixo, é<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) V - V - F - F -
V. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) V - V - F - V -
V. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) V - F - F - V -
V. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) V - F - V - F -
V. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">21. (Ifsul 2016) Uma chapa de
alumínio retangular tem massa de 200g e uma temperatura inicial de 15<sup>o</sup>C. Sendo
o coeficiente de dilatação linear do alumínio igual a 22x10<sup>-6
o</sup>C<sup>-1</sup> calor específico do alumínio igual
a 0,217 cal/g <sup>o</sup>C largura da chapa 50 cm e altura
de 20 cm se essa barra for aquecida até a temperatura de 60 <sup>o</sup>C a
sua superfície final e a quantidade de calor necessário para que esse aumento
ocorra será, respectivamente,</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) 1.001,980 cm<sup>2</sup> e 19.500
cal <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) 1.002,640 cm<sup>2</sup> e 2.640
cal <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) 1.001,980 cm<sup>2</sup> e 1.950
cal <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) 1.002,640 cm<sup>2</sup> e 26.400
cal </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">22. (Upe 2015) Ao lavar pratos e
copos, um cozinheiro verifica que dois copos estão encaixados firmemente, um
dentro do outro. Sendo o copo externo feito de alumínio e o interno, de vidro,
sobre as formas de separá-los, utilizando os princípios básicos de dilatação
térmica, analise os itens a seguir:</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I. Aquecendo apenas o copo de vidro.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II. Esfriando apenas o copo de alumínio.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III. Aquecendo ambos.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">IV. Esfriando ambos.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Dados: os coeficientes de dilatação
térmica do alumínio e do vidro são iguais a a<sub>AI</sub> = 24 x 10<sup>-6</sup> <sup>o</sup>C<sup>-1</sup> e a<sub>vidro</sub> =
0,5 x 10<sup>-6</sup> <sup>o</sup>C<sup>-1</sup> respectivamente.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Está(ão) CORRETO(S) apenas</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) I e II.<br />
b) I.<br />
c) II.<br />
d) III.<br />
e) IV.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">
<b>23. (Unesp 2014) A figura é o esquema simplificado de um disjuntor termomagnético
utilizado para a proteção de instalações elétricas residenciais. O circuito é
formado por um resistor de baixa resistência R; uma lâmina bimetálica L,
composta pelos metais X e Y; um eletroímã E; e um par de contatos C. Esse par
de contatos tende a abrir pela ação da mola M<sub>2</sub>, mas o braço atuador
A impede, com ajuda da mola M<sub>1</sub>. O eletroímã E é dimensionado para
atrair a extremidade do atuador A somente em caso de corrente muito alta (curto
circuito) e, nessa situação, A gira no sentido indicado, liberando a abertura
do par de contatos C pela ação de M<sub>2</sub>.</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKfbflM5cEp-Ihp28pN8vxbVLhGapaAmtuy2RoWE_YAdLK_jCmlfh_aWeW1CWFPtEXOFkRBHzr_6dU1VW9oAtjmuYysb3EqF2UCBLGJ9ymgJKImaghYE7UFvppF2QZ-qCQYPWGwk8gChSVhHoqungQVQm4OwI-wMGvL2WZxbvOXFI-3YLh5nQLxxcYEghs/s562/Dilata%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="384" data-original-width="562" height="274" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKfbflM5cEp-Ihp28pN8vxbVLhGapaAmtuy2RoWE_YAdLK_jCmlfh_aWeW1CWFPtEXOFkRBHzr_6dU1VW9oAtjmuYysb3EqF2UCBLGJ9ymgJKImaghYE7UFvppF2QZ-qCQYPWGwk8gChSVhHoqungQVQm4OwI-wMGvL2WZxbvOXFI-3YLh5nQLxxcYEghs/w400-h274/Dilata%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" width="400" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2327980403783605222/8805999503823067579"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><v:shape href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2327980403783605222/8805999503823067579" id="Imagem_x0020_11" o:button="t" o:spid="_x0000_i1040" style="height: 179.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 261.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/jaugu/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image018.png">
</v:imagedata></v:fill></v:shape></span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">De forma similar, R e L são
dimensionados para que esta última não toque a extremidade de A quando o
circuito é percorrido por uma corrente até o valor nominal do disjuntor. Acima
desta, o aquecimento leva o bimetal a tocar o atuador A, interrompendo o
circuito de forma idêntica à do eletroímã.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Cambria, serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">(www.mspc.eng.br. Adaptado.)</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Na condição de uma corrente elevada
percorrer o disjuntor no sentido indicado na figura, sendo a<sub>x</sub> e
a<sub>y</sub> os coeficientes de dilatação linear dos metais X e Y, para
que o contato C seja desfeito, deve valer a relação __________ e, nesse caso, o
vetor que representa o campo magnético criado ao longo do eixo do eletroímã
apontará para a __________. </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os termos que preenchem as lacunas
estão indicados correta e respectivamente na alternativa</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">a) a<sub>x > </sub>a<sub>y</sub> esquerda.<br />
b) a<sub>x < </sub>a<sub>y</sub> esquerda.<br />
c) a<sub>x > </sub>a<sub>y</sub> direita.<br />
d) a<sub>x = </sub>a<sub>y</sub> direita.<br />
e) a<sub>x < </sub>a<sub>y</sub> direita.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">24. (Fuvest 2014) Uma lâmina
bimetálica de bronze e ferro, na temperatura ambiente, é fixada por uma de suas
extremidades, como visto na figura abaixo.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQJgeGoN_hIpARfKENYatyEj2y1j6nCMRYYSpPpfZQ_WpVVLZ-jDu0NFVN3tzmYxOQc164Kcq8cMy6EacOzevC5YAuYHXXmvFMBL2KfDtVRh86nfe8u5-S5fGBG-iLdhxhbnmlT_B1FLMPZZrd-GQzMrLjy4yPiHbQRAk2CXrcGBbtHgMEiuhbo6BARf6_/s379/Dilata%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="125" data-original-width="379" height="106" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQJgeGoN_hIpARfKENYatyEj2y1j6nCMRYYSpPpfZQ_WpVVLZ-jDu0NFVN3tzmYxOQc164Kcq8cMy6EacOzevC5YAuYHXXmvFMBL2KfDtVRh86nfe8u5-S5fGBG-iLdhxhbnmlT_B1FLMPZZrd-GQzMrLjy4yPiHbQRAk2CXrcGBbtHgMEiuhbo6BARf6_/s320/Dilata%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" width="320" /></a></b></div><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2327980403783605222/8805999503823067579"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><v:shape href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2327980403783605222/8805999503823067579" id="Imagem_x0020_10" o:button="t" o:spid="_x0000_i1039" style="height: 84pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 255pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/jaugu/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image019.png">
</v:imagedata></v:fill></v:shape></span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Nessa situação, a lâmina está plana e
horizontal. A seguir, ela é aquecida por uma chama de gás. Após algum tempo de
aquecimento, a forma assumida pela lâmina será mais adequadamente representada
pela figura:</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Note e adote:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O coeficiente de dilatação térmica
linear do ferro é 1,2 x 10<sup>-5</sup> °C<sup>-1</sup>O coeficiente de
dilatação térmica linear do bronze é 1,8 x 10<sup>-5</sup> °C<sup>-1</sup></span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><br />
<br />
<b>Após o aquecimento, a temperatura da lâmina é uniforme.<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><v:shape id="Imagem_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_s1030" style="height: 25.9pt; left: 0px; margin-left: 30.9pt; margin-top: 8.6pt; mso-height-percent: 0; mso-height-relative: page; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-width-percent: 0; mso-width-relative: page; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 70.85pt; z-index: 251634688;" type="#_x0000_t75"><br /></v:shape></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCMKjecSq4o3Bywvs7Kw7850i9LRTegB-MyfYqLxMZzgpywC6cZIf8VRtAqSz5N_VQ9vIDlm8e4MUN5C4dyo4qquwhRvYAz2D2-kMGTDUonzLWkg14K1NgzrGE1RVyrW42Pq7sCYDGnGdOLjBboMc4DPD5aZmjmaUTO27OKbNDUBeUomf-H_sVvvFD2-kI/s209/Dilata%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="209" data-original-width="125" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCMKjecSq4o3Bywvs7Kw7850i9LRTegB-MyfYqLxMZzgpywC6cZIf8VRtAqSz5N_VQ9vIDlm8e4MUN5C4dyo4qquwhRvYAz2D2-kMGTDUonzLWkg14K1NgzrGE1RVyrW42Pq7sCYDGnGdOLjBboMc4DPD5aZmjmaUTO27OKbNDUBeUomf-H_sVvvFD2-kI/s1600/Dilata%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" width="125" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" />
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><v:shape id="Imagem_x0020_17" o:spid="_x0000_s1029" style="height: 26.3pt; left: 0px; margin-left: 33.15pt; margin-top: 11.2pt; mso-height-percent: 0; mso-height-relative: page; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-width-percent: 0; mso-width-relative: page; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 82.05pt; z-index: -251650048;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/jaugu/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image021.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">25. (cps 2014) Quem viaja de carro
ou de ônibus pode ver, ao longo das estradas, torres de transmissão de energia
tais como as da figura.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPDp37xe0YAZpvCG0VfZQrlTKHUOcE07QSWkVrfHAttX-fGdEMDTLuC1vX5XBpg3aGc7Hdv0pPRDf1dD3daHLF8l8qJVuCMjdP_2pn3Yn-E8LsDli7MpXYlnUBlRzuw920T0ZbPjFKyLBIIdqCIIrOrTqhbASjcIby8D-6F0Mup4W9WhJ7GHfK3bhFtJ8F/s545/Dilata%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="433" data-original-width="545" height="318" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPDp37xe0YAZpvCG0VfZQrlTKHUOcE07QSWkVrfHAttX-fGdEMDTLuC1vX5XBpg3aGc7Hdv0pPRDf1dD3daHLF8l8qJVuCMjdP_2pn3Yn-E8LsDli7MpXYlnUBlRzuw920T0ZbPjFKyLBIIdqCIIrOrTqhbASjcIby8D-6F0Mup4W9WhJ7GHfK3bhFtJ8F/w400-h318/Dilata%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" width="400" /></a></b></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2327980403783605222/8805999503823067579"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><v:shape href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2327980403783605222/8805999503823067579" id="Imagem_x0020_8" o:button="t" o:spid="_x0000_i1038" style="height: 210.75pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 265.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/jaugu/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image025.png">
</v:imagedata></v:fill></v:shape></span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Olhando mais atentamente, é possível
notar que os cabos são colocados arqueados ou, como se diz popularmente, “fazendo
barriga”.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A razão dessa disposição é que<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) a densidade dos cabos tende a diminuir com o
passar dos anos.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) a condução da eletricidade em alta tensão é
facilitada desse modo.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) o metal usado na fabricação dos cabos é
impossível de ser esticado.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) os cabos, em dias mais frios, podem encolher sem
derrubar as torres.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) os ventos fortes não são capazes de fazer os
cabos, assim dispostos, balançarem.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">26. (Epcar (Afa) 2013) No gráfico a
seguir, está representado o comprimento L de duas barras A e B em função da
temperatura θ.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2327980403783605222/8805999503823067579"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><v:shape href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2327980403783605222/8805999503823067579" id="Imagem_x0020_7" o:button="t" o:spid="_x0000_i1037" style="height: 133.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 141pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/jaugu/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image026.png">
</v:imagedata></v:fill></v:shape></span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 6pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEDmw0XgDb-boYAiIhnt3TonQNdZ2nb_hbOiXwoMtUHu_gXHBthmXcffVtYTfkRPO269LUi2_IdcGnXOt88vSneDnEWChkti0YZfQTw1sJBH-bO40f5b-HEBlQfD3BESQ36WHXikl3P9HkZAJkVsfRQcbgtL-Wh0ADFBt1XYkcQ2PYJI-XWzNcWDGRQP7j/s326/Dilata%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="308" data-original-width="326" height="189" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEDmw0XgDb-boYAiIhnt3TonQNdZ2nb_hbOiXwoMtUHu_gXHBthmXcffVtYTfkRPO269LUi2_IdcGnXOt88vSneDnEWChkti0YZfQTw1sJBH-bO40f5b-HEBlQfD3BESQ36WHXikl3P9HkZAJkVsfRQcbgtL-Wh0ADFBt1XYkcQ2PYJI-XWzNcWDGRQP7j/w200-h189/Dilata%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" width="200" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sabendo-se que as retas que representam
os comprimentos da barra A e da barra B são paralelas, pode-se afirmar que a
razão entre o coeficiente de dilatação linear da barra A e o da barra B é</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) 0,25.<br />
b) 0,50.<br />
c) 1,00.<br />
d) 2,00.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">27. (Uern 2013) Duas chapas
circulares <u>A</u> e <u>B</u> de áreas iguais a uma
temperatura inicial de 20°C foram colocadas no interior de um forno cuja
temperatura era de 170°C. Sendo a chapa <u>A</u> de alumínio e a
chapa <u>B</u> de ferro e a diferença entre suas áreas no instante em
que atingiram o equilíbrio térmico com o forno igual a 2,7π cm<sup>2, </sup>então
o raio inicial das chapas no instante em que foram colocadas no forno era de (Considere: α<sub>Al</sub> =
22.10<sup>-6</sup> °C<sup>-1</sup>; α<sub>Fe</sub> = 12.10<sup>-6</sup> °C<sup>-1</sup>)</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) 25 cm.<br />
b) 30 cm.<br />
c) 35 cm.<br />
d) 40 cm.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">28. (Fuvest 2012)</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaiaZjUP7ID2PjEO3T7VsDND-hR8MdXnDPevTObfQtaGwldEeOGJ3HNgZqhYx6GtixbtlRWo49hTE1_9GKKAL7aChCQ1D9GTUWPR11L4vrmHvVQIMqWNLu0JCcz3kis-QWBeq8X0PbRG7pTIxF8SX5Hrsg3bRH3zoPv72D-LIgOCTcXkBP9W_3gO4RiEXO/s559/Dilata%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="255" data-original-width="559" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaiaZjUP7ID2PjEO3T7VsDND-hR8MdXnDPevTObfQtaGwldEeOGJ3HNgZqhYx6GtixbtlRWo49hTE1_9GKKAL7aChCQ1D9GTUWPR11L4vrmHvVQIMqWNLu0JCcz3kis-QWBeq8X0PbRG7pTIxF8SX5Hrsg3bRH3zoPv72D-LIgOCTcXkBP9W_3gO4RiEXO/w400-h183/Dilata%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Para ilustrar a dilatação dos corpos,
um grupo de estudantes apresenta, em uma feira de ciências, o instrumento
esquematizado na figura acima. Nessa montagem, uma barra de alumínio com 30cm
de comprimento está apoiada sobre dois suportes, tendo uma extremidade presa ao
ponto inferior do ponteiro indicador e a outra encostada num anteparo fixo. O
ponteiro pode girar livremente em torno do ponto <i>O</i>, sendo que o
comprimento de sua parte superior é 10cm e, o da inferior, 2cm. Se a barra de
alumínio, inicialmente à temperatura de 25 ºC, for aquecida a 225 ºC, o
deslocamento da extremidade superior do ponteiro será, aproximadamente, de</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Note e adote: Coeficiente de dilatação
linear do alumínio: 2 • 10<sup>-5</sup> °C<sup>-1 </sup> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) 1 mm.<br />
b) 3 mm.<br />
c) 6 mm.<br />
d) 12 mm.<br />
e) 30 mm.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">29. (Unisc 2012) Normalmente
encontra-se como invólucro de cigarros, no interior do maço, uma folha que
apresenta duas faces: uma de papel comum e outra de alumínio, coladas entre si.
Se pegarmos essa folha dupla e a aproximarmos, cuidadosamente, de uma fonte de
calor, o que observaremos em relação a dilatação dessa folha?</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) A folha curva-se para o lado do papel.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) A folha não sofre nenhum tipo de curvatura.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) A folha curva-se para o lado do alumínio.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) A folha curva-se ora para o lado do papel, ora
para o lado do alumínio.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) A folha dilata sem sofrer curvatura.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">30. (Enem PPL 2012)</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDb2vkjrzU5xO-2YzoKLAM2542lIlQdVECwsvoKpHcpPmokN9RRFtf5qebDRhZoCikTIzl1_Ga0QR_-hgR5wmEFgqxppKnfDexvsSCXdZsq5goRugK_zv97E3nv_XFgXLjxgacdeXZpSvAqd-xGXY1QVDOYUi4ZVzreOvZvD81dY0pIkVYrBgsrIJd2W7J/s632/Dilata%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="227" data-original-width="632" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDb2vkjrzU5xO-2YzoKLAM2542lIlQdVECwsvoKpHcpPmokN9RRFtf5qebDRhZoCikTIzl1_Ga0QR_-hgR5wmEFgqxppKnfDexvsSCXdZsq5goRugK_zv97E3nv_XFgXLjxgacdeXZpSvAqd-xGXY1QVDOYUi4ZVzreOvZvD81dY0pIkVYrBgsrIJd2W7J/s16000/Dilata%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" /></a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O quadro oferece os coeficientes de
dilatação linear de alguns metais e ligas metálicas:</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYLgFYZqv0FCuaP0Kv6NAnbDgnbSgWpmRPjNSNu8PrA7VQu0MMke5X5CUUMkLdXlOuBUYy1S6d9SAWkw7-VZc4dBxj5o5FTdfIt-pukq1rQb5mBbX_nJhgth2Xz-j8IYMr7qgCxhreBtXVfUkYP3agGijFnE1xAjBH5kjBzs_MXREg0Mmexx6Uvp6M1IaV/s568/Dilata%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="181" data-original-width="568" height="203" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYLgFYZqv0FCuaP0Kv6NAnbDgnbSgWpmRPjNSNu8PrA7VQu0MMke5X5CUUMkLdXlOuBUYy1S6d9SAWkw7-VZc4dBxj5o5FTdfIt-pukq1rQb5mBbX_nJhgth2Xz-j8IYMr7qgCxhreBtXVfUkYP3agGijFnE1xAjBH5kjBzs_MXREg0Mmexx6Uvp6M1IaV/w640-h203/Dilata%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" width="640" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Para permitir a ocorrência do fato
observado na tirinha, a partir do menor aquecimento do conjunto, o parafuso e
a porca devem ser feitos, respectivamente, de<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) aço e níquel<br />
b) alumínio e chumbo.<br />
c) platina e chumbo.<br />
d) ouro e latão.<br />
e) cobre e bronze.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.portaldovestibulando.com/2023/06/termologia-dilatacao-gabarito.html" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="55" data-original-width="266" height="55" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKaQrya4a76r7YBAC5czabp-xyPN_4VWM771Op8ggblN3q70ZkvWDVgixQnjC4fclZuIcsiAuvbecAQBzxfCquliZFzn_OCJmStUoto4kpA5ZN2qNkmZ5XC8QBjO6TBUFWGMbpdhkiGE-rPAEyvNF3cLQQ7WD2xL4y0FCJBmsPPJiygyjMq8V71vusemPn/s1600/Gabarito.png" width="266" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/file/6ymc3yr84af8h5p/F%25C3%25ADsicia_-_Termologia_-_Dilata%25C3%25A7ao_-_Lista_de_Exerc%25C3%25ADcios.pdf/file" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzjmk4nT90-hU_kkq3fg1gwWsQCjUIa3gBqkRKzkCyT7sT8Cq5tpyEGj3NeOizA8CJLFPrrF_ojXhs1hKhuM1sjbMEI4Mrd-AS9ALckTLsyaja74fauZx70wqMyeWPKGL5MaE_nLLNprtxNlag3EdnhC0atewXsF_MlDzQC3RfFaAQmYxFMsLnaypdlRbd/s1600/Lista%20de%20exerc%C3%ADcios.png" width="275" /></a></div><br /><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><br /></span><p></p>Portal do Vestibulandohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03466686065222700679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5538522159417475835.post-60702112935312596342023-05-28T13:10:00.003-04:002023-05-28T13:36:44.681-04:00Questão Indígena e Racial no Brasil - Lista de Exercícios - Simulado<p> </p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">1.
(Uea 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Examine a tela <i>O Casamento</i>, de Tarsila do
Amaral, de 1940.</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj06XO56f995pxJbTuXjiPH18dMrR3hcw5x7W8rT-DO5IM4ho4JbluFu6UORAX3dl42VAyRTRvzLkXpWASKCMzNXC6znNL9gfbKYmJ8QR4vg1HMbXKPsQl2zA_MYSc_UMgCjzUsNGQex-gpA38LaOHVHh3YdySgWfk-tV-8wIdZO2LYdkWVlHgICZ2nBA/s800/123.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="532" data-original-width="800" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj06XO56f995pxJbTuXjiPH18dMrR3hcw5x7W8rT-DO5IM4ho4JbluFu6UORAX3dl42VAyRTRvzLkXpWASKCMzNXC6znNL9gfbKYmJ8QR4vg1HMbXKPsQl2zA_MYSc_UMgCjzUsNGQex-gpA38LaOHVHh3YdySgWfk-tV-8wIdZO2LYdkWVlHgICZ2nBA/w640-h426/123.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><br /></span></b></p>Considerando
a formação étnico-cultural da população brasileira, a tela retrata um processo
de</span></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">mestiçagem, que propiciou o respeito cultural de diversos grupos sociais
e assegurou, até os dias de hoje, a harmonia e a democracia racial no país. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">miscigenação, que promoveu a unidade cultural entre indígenas, negros e
brancos e permitiu a implementação do ciclo colonial da borracha na região
Amazônica. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">miscigenação, que deu origem a inúmeros povos com características
físicas próprias e marcou o fim da ancestralidade cultural. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">mestiçagem, que estabeleceu a negação dos valores tribais dos povos
originários pelos brancos e propiciou, até os dias de hoje, a convivência
tolerante entre as pessoas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">mestiçagem, que viabilizou a formação de cafuzos e de mamelucos e
consolidou hábitos e costumes de um modo de vida. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">2.
(Enem 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Eu estava pagando o sapateiro e conversando com um
preto que estava lendo um jornal. Ele estava revoltado com um guarda civil que
espancou um preto e amarrou numa árvore. O guarda civil é branco. E há certos
brancos que transforma o preto em bode expiatório. Quem sabe se guarda civil
ignora que já foi extinta a escravidão e ainda estamos em regime de chibata?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 7pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">JESUS, C. M. <i>Quarto de despejo:</i> diário de uma favelada. São
Paulo: Ática, 2014.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
texto que guarda a grafia original da autora, expõe uma característica da
sociedade brasileira, que é o(a): </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Racismo estrutural. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Desemprego latente. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Concentração de renda. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Exclusão informacional. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Precariedade da educação. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">3.
(Uft 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Texto I</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Contam
que, num tempo muito antigo, os Kayapó moravam no céu. Lá, muito acima do teto
do céu, havia tudo o que se pode imaginar. Tinha batata-doce, macaxeira,
inhame, mandioca, milho, inajá, banana, caça das mais diversas e tartarugas da
terra. Enfim, era um lugar com muita fartura.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Fonte: MUNDURUKU, Daniel. <i>Outras tantas histórias indígenas de origem
das coisas e do universo</i>. São Paulo: Global, 2008, p. 34. (fragmento)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Texto
I</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Contam
os antigos que, no princípio, não havia fogo. As pessoas eram obrigadas a comer
frutas e raízes se não quisessem comer carne crua. Mas elas tinham uma vaga
noção de que existia algo que aquecia o corpo e tornava a comida deliciosa.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Fonte: MUNDURUKU, Daniel. <i>Outras tantas histórias indígenas de origem
das coisas e do universo</i>. São Paulo: Global, 2008, p. 20. (fragmento)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os
fragmentos de Daniel Munduruku apresentam histórias indígenas. A partir da
leitura desses fragmentos, é CORRETO afirmar que: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">aludem aos mesmos mitos e cosmogonia dos povos originários. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">retratam as culturas indígenas e a ausência de valores ligados ao meio
ambiente. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">consideram elementos das culturas indígenas e enfatizam a organização
social complexa dessas comunidades. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">remetem à transmissão de saberes e aos bens culturais dos povos
indígenas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">4.
(Unesp 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Nenhum grupo de mulheres brancas conheceu melhor a
diferença entre seu próprio status e o status das mulheres negras do que o
grupo de mulheres brancas politicamente conscientes e ativistas na luta pelos
direitos civis. Ainda assim, várias dessas mulheres deslocaram-se das lutas
pelos direitos civis para as lutas pela libertação da mulher e lideraram um
movimento feminista em que suprimiram e negaram a consciência sobre as
diferenças que viram e ouviram.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Elas
entraram para o movimento feminista apagando e negando a diferença, sem pensar
em raça e gênero juntos, mas eliminando raça do cenário.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(bell hooks. <i>O feminismo é para todo mundo: políticas arrebatadoras</i>,
2018. Adaptado.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Ao
abordar aspectos do Movimento pelos Direitos Civis nos Estados Unidos da década
de 1960, o excerto </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">aponta o insucesso das reivindicações de igualdade de raça e gênero e a
persistência de padrões históricos de desigualdade na sociedade
norte-americana. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">lamenta a ausência de uma história de mobilizações feministas e negras e
de uma disposição das mulheres brancas para atuar em defesa das conquistas de
direitos sociais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">identifica a ocorrência em paralelo de ações afirmativas das mulheres e
dos negros e a falta de conexão entre esses dois campos de reivindicação de
direitos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">caracteriza a mudança radical por que passou a sociedade norte-americana
no período e o nascimento de interconexões entre os movimentos negro e
feminista. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">enfatiza a importância da estratégia política do ativismo feminista e
sua influência sobre as mobilizações posteriores de reivindicação de direitos
da população negra. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">5.
(Enem 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O povo Kambeba é o povo das águas. Os mais velhos
costumam contar que o povo nasceu de uma gota-d’água que caiu do céu em uma
grande chuva. Nessa gota estavam duas gotículas: o homem e a mulher. “Por essa
narrativa e cosmologia indígena de que nós somos o povo das águas é que o rio
nos tem fundamental importância”, diz Márcia Wayna Kambeba, mestre em Geografia
e escritora. Todos os dias, ela ia com o pai observar o rio. Ia em silêncio e,
antes que tomasse para si a palavra, era interrompida. “Ouço o rio”, o pai
dizia. Depois de cerca de duas horas a ouvir as águas do Solimões, ela
mergulhava. “Confie no rio e aprenda com ele”. “Fui entender mais tarde, com
meus estudos e vivências, que meu pai estava me apresentando à sabedoria
milenar do rio”.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Rios amazônicos influenciam no agro e em reservatórios do Sudeste.</span></i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">
Disponível em: www.uol.com.br. Acesso em: 14 out. 2021.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Pelo
descrito no texto, o povo Kambeba tem o rio como um(a) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">objeto tombado e museográfico. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">herança religiosa e sacralizada. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">cenário bucólico e paisagístico. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">riqueza individual e efêmera. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">patrimônio cultural e afetivo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">6. (Fgv 2022)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBmdK9_mSWdYfbmBM3w6eCO2mWVjSvJHzWtLg9HD9bqrtdlZ4BXoyiGlaIv9enW56QmNFQbEavtY__n4qXECKt14YB5-7r6tKapTMc5nCxKwbh2qPTq3EDR9wcOqKEXXKbaFN2Gag0NUvtzAzSdnrC0eZ6AekD7NIN8lqQseaYpdJA6_XHwftodVbXrw/s498/Justi%C3%A7a%20para%20Moise.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="375" data-original-width="498" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBmdK9_mSWdYfbmBM3w6eCO2mWVjSvJHzWtLg9HD9bqrtdlZ4BXoyiGlaIv9enW56QmNFQbEavtY__n4qXECKt14YB5-7r6tKapTMc5nCxKwbh2qPTq3EDR9wcOqKEXXKbaFN2Gag0NUvtzAzSdnrC0eZ6AekD7NIN8lqQseaYpdJA6_XHwftodVbXrw/s16000/Justi%C3%A7a%20para%20Moise.png" /></a></span></span></b></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
assassinato do congolês Moïse Kabagambe trouxe à tona o debate sobre o racismo
que está presente e vivo na base de nossa sociedade, manifestando-se nas mais
diversas áreas de atuação do Estado e da sociedade civil: na saúde, na
educação, na oferta de trabalho e serviços, nos dados de nascimento e morte e
no modo como tratamos e recebemos refugiados africanos ou como selecionamos
funcionários no mercado de trabalho. Esse tipo de racismo não se resume a atos
isolados de pessoas ou grupos, mas faz parte da própria lógica e da base social
de uma determinada nação, conferindo desvantagens, oferecendo privilégios e
naturalizando a violência pautando-se na ideia de raça.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Adaptado de Lilia Schwarcz, <i>nexojornal</i>, 31/01/2022.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Com
base no texto, é correto afirmar que o assassinato de Moïse Kabagambe
representou um episódio de:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">discriminação racial.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">supremacismo negro.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">racismo reverso.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">racismo estrutural.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">preconceito racial. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">7.
(Ufpr 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considere o trecho a seguir:</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os
problemas de diversidade e pluralismo colocados em pauta pelas sociedades
multiculturais, a partir da década de 1980, obrigaram-nos a uma nova reflexão
sobre o reconhecimento universalista proposto pela Modernidade. Os movimentos
sociais organizados por homossexuais, negros, mulheres, entre outros grupos,
passaram a reivindicar a efetiva realização da igualdade de oportunidades e o
fim dos princípios discriminatórios. Deu-se, então, o estabelecimento de
políticas públicas que ficaram conhecidas como políticas de ação afirmativa.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(O’DONNEL, Julia et al. <i>Tempos modernos, tempos de sociologia</i>.
Rio de Janeiro: Editora do Brasil, 2018.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Com
base na argumentação das autoras, pode-se afirmar que: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">em termos práticos, a defesa desse novo tipo de reconhecimento social
estimula diferentes ações de inclusão social, com exceção da “política de
cotas”. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">as políticas de ação afirmativa constituem uma estratégia ideológica
pouco eficaz, correspondendo a uma agenda globalista. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">movimentos sociais organizados por homossexuais, negros e negras (entre
outras minorias) estão hiper-representados na sociedade em virtude das recentes
políticas públicas de ação afirmativa, gerando grandes distorções e privilégios
para estes grupos favorecidos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">é necessário amplo debate sobre os temas da diversidade e representação
social, atitude imperativa para atualização de categorias fundamentadas em
pressupostos pré-modernistas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ações afirmativas se baseiam em um pressuposto que leva em conta as
condições desiguais de determinados grupos sociais para acesso às oportunidades
sociais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">8.
(Ufpr 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sobre o tema do racismo na sociedade brasileira,
considere o excerto a seguir:</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
visão de convívio harmonioso entre as raças foi desconstruída pelos estudos de
Florestan Fernandes, que participou com Roger Bastide das pesquisas financiadas
pela Unesco, e redundaram no livro <i>A integração do negro na sociedade de
classes</i> (1965).<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 7pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(SILVA, Afrânio et. al. <i>Sociologia em movimento</i>. São Paulo:
Moderna, 2016. p. 121.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Qual
é, dentre as afirmativas a seguir, a que sintetiza a contribuição do sociólogo
Florestan Fernandes para os estudos das relações raciais no Brasil? </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O autor demonstra que uma das particularidades do caso brasileiro é a
vigência da ideia de que somos uma democracia racial, o que não é senão um mito
que assegura a manutenção da desigualdade entre brancas e brancos por um lado e
negras e negros de outro. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O racismo reverso é seu argumento analítico para a crítica da imagem de
que as relações raciais são harmoniosas no Brasil. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O autor elabora o conceito de racismo estrutural ainda na década de
1960, num momento em que o Brasil era impactado pelas conquistas do movimento
pelos direitos civis, nos EUA. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sua proposta foi o estabelecimento de uma política de cotas, encaminhada
como projeto ao governo militar instaurado em 1964 visando à crítica das noções
idealizadas do racismo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O autor elabora normativas para a criação de organizações não
governamentais (ONGs) atuantes como instrumentos para exercer a crítica e
combater o racismo no Brasil. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">9.
(Uece 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Para Gilberto Freyre, a miscigenação que ocorreu
desde o início do processo de colonização do Brasil corrigiu, ao longo do
tempo, a distância social entre os brancos conquistadores e senhores de engenho
e os indígenas e os negros escravizados. São dois polos, duas classes ou dois
grupos sociais antagônicos de dominantes-dominados, mas que teriam sido
aproximados na formação da sociedade brasileira pela mestiçagem. É aqui que se
fundamenta o mito da democracia racial. Segundo Freyre, os mestiços desde a
colonização brasileira ocasionaram efeitos sociais que equilibraram diferenças
e desigualdades. E foram, principalmente, a mulher índia, a negra-mina e depois
a mulata, aponta Freyre, as categorias de mulheres que agiram poderosamente no
sentido dessa “democratização social no Brasil”. Faltou a Freyre, todavia,
ressaltar que essas mulheres estavam, em grande maioria, na condição de
escravizadas ou subalternizadas na relação com seus senhores e donos e foi
assim que conceberam a mestiçagem na história brasileira. Essa concepção
mitológica foi fortalecida pelos séculos de dominação patriarcalista e branca
sobre indígenas, negros e mestiços. Trata-se de um mito ou uma ideologia que
persiste sem maior reflexão, conhecimento histórico, consciência crítica e
tanto disfarça a existência do racismo na sociedade brasileira contemporânea
como não contribui para o debate público das lutas políticas e sociais dos
movimentos negros e dos povos tradicionais indígenas.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
partir do exposto, é correto afirmar que </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">diferentemente da sociedade norte-americana, a formação social
brasileira é oriunda de três raças que contribuíram para uma luta étnico-racial
equilibrada. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">para Freyre, as mulheres negras e as indígenas eram valorosas e
resistiram aos antagonismos estabelecidos pelo domínio da sociedade patriarcal
branca. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a dominação patriarcal e branca na história brasileira explica a força
ideológica de mitos como o da democracia racial, que se difunde
irrefletidamente. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">tal mito, na verdade, esconde um equilíbrio histórico entre as raças e
demonstra que já não somos mais negros, índios ou brancos, mas, sim, mestiços. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">10.
(Ufpr 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A idade avançada e os problemas de saúde de uma
empregada doméstica de 63 anos não a impediam de percorrer semanalmente 120 km
de sua casa humilde em Miguel Pereira, no sul fluminense, até o apartamento
onde trabalhava no Alto Leblon, bairro da zona sul do Rio que tem o metro quadrado
mais valorizado do país...<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 7pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Disponível em:
https://noticias.uol.com.br/saude/ultimas-noticias/redacao/2020/03/19/primeira-vitima-do-rj-eradomestica-e-pegou-coronavirus-da-patroa.htm?cmpid=copiaecola.
Acesso em: 05/11/2021.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
notícia do site UOL retrata a primeira morte registrada na pandemia do novo
coronavírus no Brasil. Uma senhora de 63 anos contraiu o vírus de sua patroa
que voltava da Itália para o Rio de Janeiro. O exemplo dessa fatalidade, com
uma mulher negra e empregada doméstica, revela um processo mais amplo, que vai
além da pandemia e simboliza um cenário marcado por: <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">injustiças sociais, em que determinados grupos sofrem
desproporcionalmente as crises sanitárias, ambientais e econômicas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">uma injustiça ambiental, que não pode ser associada às dimensões de
injustiça econômica ou racial. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">injustiças socioambientais, em que a tragédia revela que apenas a
população de baixa renda foi vítima, refém de uma fragilidade do sistema de
saúde. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">um racismo estrutural, em que as políticas públicas conseguiram reverter
os indicadores de desigualdade social. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">um racismo conjuntural, em que os reflexos sociais e sanitários da
pandemia podem ser identificados. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">11.
(Unicamp 2021) </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As feridas da discriminação racial se exibem ao
mais superficial olhar sobre a realidade social do país. Até 1950, a
discriminação em empregos era uma prática corrente, sancionada pelas práticas
sociais do país. Em geral, os anúncios de vagas de trabalho eram publicados com
a explícita advertência: “não se aceitam pessoas de cor.” Mesmo após a Lei
Afonso Arinos, de 1951, proibindo categoricamente a discriminação racial, tudo
continuou na mesma. Depois da lei, os anúncios se tornaram mais sofisticados
que antes, e passaram a requerer: “pessoas de boa aparência”. Basta substituir
“pessoas de boa aparência” por “branco” para se obter a verdadeira significação
do eufemismo.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Adaptado de Abdias do Nascimento, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">O genocídio do negro brasileiro:</i>
processo de um racismo mascarado. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 2018, p. 97.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A partir do excerto, é correto afirmar: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Apesar
da Lei Afonso Arinos de 1951, o racismo que existia há muitos anos no mercado
de trabalho brasileiro permaneceu por meio de estratégias camufladas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A Lei
Afonso Arinos de 1951 possibilitou a eliminação do racismo no mercado de
trabalho do mundo da moda, que exigia a boa aparência das pessoas brancas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Em 1951,
o conceito de “pessoas de boa aparência”, ditado pelo mundo da moda e
reproduzido nos anúncios de vagas de trabalho, privilegiava o asseio no vestir.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
racismo foi eliminado das relações sociais brasileiras somente na década de
1990, com a consolidação do conjunto de leis da democracia racial. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">12. (Enem (Libras) 2017) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os guaranis encontram-se hoje distribuídos pela
Bolívia, Paraguai, Uruguai, Brasil e Argentina. A condição de guarani remete
diretamente para a ideia de pertencimento e para as relações de parentesco. Daí
a importância da concepção de território como espaço de comunicação. Eles têm
parentes nos diversos países e seguem se visitando regularmente. Os guaranis seguem
com noções e conceitos próprios de fronteira, uma ideia mais sociológica e
ideológica, que inclui, exclui e define quem pertence e quem não pertence a
determinado grupo social.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O dilema das fronteiras na trajetória guarani</span></i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">. Entrevista especial com Antônio Brand. Disponível
em: www.ihuonline.unisinos.br. Acesso em: 15 ago. 2013 (adaptado).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">De acordo com o texto, o processo de demarcação das
terras reivindicadas por esse povo enfrenta como dificuldade o(a) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">valor de
desapropriação das áreas legalizadas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">engajamento
de jovens na luta pela reforma agrária.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">escassez
de zonas cultiváveis nas regiões contíguas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">tensão
entre identidade coletiva e normatizações das nações limítrofes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">contradição
entre sustento extrativista e desmatamento das florestas tropicais.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">13. (Uerj 2019)</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi28HR1SAtDkRdoHdI1EJy7VV92PEs6w7YTB3I-I0HEItwDTcEvVsd5pFMrUr_7rsMGjWvnP_B6nu52avbMA3CSEoQ7U6qXFTP3AHsmqrOn98WdijX5tDBqs0hcJD6uDtW2MUq1HGQD19QlRG2S6qteKpfiFrI5Lqg0RbwLe2h1h4yAoSO8S2yW24eZZQ/s549/O%20personagem%20Pantera%20Negra.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="510" data-original-width="549" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi28HR1SAtDkRdoHdI1EJy7VV92PEs6w7YTB3I-I0HEItwDTcEvVsd5pFMrUr_7rsMGjWvnP_B6nu52avbMA3CSEoQ7U6qXFTP3AHsmqrOn98WdijX5tDBqs0hcJD6uDtW2MUq1HGQD19QlRG2S6qteKpfiFrI5Lqg0RbwLe2h1h4yAoSO8S2yW24eZZQ/s16000/O%20personagem%20Pantera%20Negra.png" /></a></span></b></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Com mais de cinquenta anos de existência, o personagem “Pantera Negra”
esteve associado a debates sobre as condições de vida de populações
afrodescendentes na sociedade norte-americana.</span></b><b><span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Tendo em vista as transformações ocorridas entre a década de 1960 e o
momento atual, a comparação entre as imagens aponta para a seguinte mudança
acerca do protagonismo afrodescendente:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">equiparação do poder
aquisitivo<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">fortalecimento da inclusão
social<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">reconhecimento dos direitos civis </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">homogeneização das diferenças
raciais</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">14. (Udesc 2019) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Leia o trecho a seguir:</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“Não existe democracia racial efetiva, onde o
intercâmbio entre indivíduos pertencentes a ‘raças’ distintas começa e termina
no plano da tolerância convencionalizada. Esta pode satisfazer as exigências do
bom-tom, de um discutível espírito cristão e da necessidade prática de ‘manter
cada um no seu lugar’. Contudo, ela não aproxima realmente os homens senão na
base da mera coexistência no mesmo espaço social e, onde isso chega a
acontecer, da convivência restritiva, regulada por um código que consagra a
desigualdade, disfarçando-a e justificando-a acima dos princípios de integração
da ordem social democrática”.</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Florestan Fernandes, 1960.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Florestan Fernandes se refere à ideia de
“democracia racial” que, durante um período, foi considerada constitutiva da
identidade nacional brasileira. Esta tese era caracterizada por: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">pressupor
uma miscigenação harmoniosa entre os diferentes grupos étnicos constitutivos da
nação brasileira.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">apregoar
que representantes de todos os grupos étnicos deveriam ter representatividade
política em âmbito legislativo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">promover
a denúncia de práticas racistas contra negros, mulheres e indígenas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">reivindicar
a instauração de processos e eventuais julgamentos dos responsáveis pelo
processo de favelização nas grandes capitais brasileiras, a partir de fins do
século XIX.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">defender
as candidaturas plurirraciais nos processos eleitorais, pós 1964.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">15. (Uerj 2019) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As caravanas</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; text-align: left;">É um dia de real grandeza, tudo azul</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; text-align: left;">Um mar turquesa à la Istambul enchendo os olhos</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; text-align: left;">Um sol de torrar os miolos</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; text-align: left;">Quando pinta em Copacabana</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; text-align: left;">A caravana do Arará, do Caxangá, da Chatuba</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; text-align: left;">A caravana do Irajá, o comboio da Penha</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; text-align: left;">Não há barreira que retenha esses estranhos</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; text-align: left;">Suburbanos tipo muçulmanos do Jacarezinho</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; text-align: left;">A caminho do Jardim de Alá</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; text-align: left;">É o bicho, é o buchicho, é a charanga</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; text-align: left;">(...)</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; text-align: left;">Com negros torsos nus deixam em polvorosa</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; text-align: left;">A gente ordeira e virtuosa que apela</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; text-align: left;">Pra polícia despachar de volta</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; text-align: left;">O populacho pra favela</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; text-align: left;">Ou pra Benguela, ou pra Guiné</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; text-align: left;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; text-align: left;">Sol</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; text-align: left;">A culpa deve ser do sol que bate na moleira</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; text-align: left;">O sol que estoura as veias</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; text-align: left;">O suor que embaça os olhos e a razão</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; text-align: left;">E essa zoeira dentro da prisão</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; text-align: left;">Crioulos empilhados no porão</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; text-align: left;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; text-align: left;">De caravelas no alto mar</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; text-align: left;">Tem que bater, tem que matar, engrossa a gritaria</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; text-align: left;">Filha do medo, a raiva é mãe da covardia</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; text-align: left;">Ou doido sou eu que escuto vozes</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; text-align: left;">Não há gente tão insana</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; text-align: left;">Nem caravana do Arará</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; text-align: left;">Não há, não há</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria; text-align: left;">(...)</span></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: 8pt; text-align: left;">CHICO BUARQUE. letras.mus.br</span></div><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 8pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 6pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Na letra da canção, o compositor estabelece
vínculos entre diferentes temporalidades.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Esses vínculos explicitam uma relação de
causalidade entre os seguintes elementos:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">processo
histórico e estrutura social<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">origem
geográfica e violência urbana<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">doutrina
religiosa e fundamentação ideológica<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">movimento
pendular e segregação residencial </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">16. (Enem PPL 2019) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Para dar conta do movimento histórico do processo
de inserção dos povos indígenas em contextos urbanos, cuja memória reside na
fala dos seus sujeitos, foi necessário construir um método de investigação,
baseado na História Oral, que desvelasse essas vivências ainda não estudadas
pela historiografia, bem como as conflitivas relações de fronteira daí
decorrentes. A partir da história oral foi possível entender a dinâmica de
deslocamento e inserção dos índios urbanos no contexto da sociedade nacional,
bem como perceber os entrelugares construídos por estes grupos étnicos na luta
pela sobrevivência e no enfrentamento da sua condição de invisibilidade.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">MUSSI, P. L. V. Tronco velho ou ponta da rama? A
mulher indígena terena nos entrelugares da fronteira urbana. <i>Patrimônio e
Memória</i>, n. 1, 2008.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O uso desse método para compreender as condições
dos povos indígenas nas áreas urbanas brasileiras justifica-se por </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">focalizar
a empregabilidade de indivíduos carentes de especialização técnica. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">permitir
o recenseamento de cidadãos ausentes das estatísticas oficiais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">neutralizar
as ideologias de observadores imbuídos de viés acadêmico. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">promover
o retorno de grupos apartados de suas nações de origem. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">registrar
as trajetórias de sujeitos distantes das práticas de escrita. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">17.
(Enem 2017)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq4PYeRduhL-80y9sBWw8l61flw93ErPGsk35nTxOUryVpc5eexGP9-JLeC4ZdIBRTOU9rkXzyx8ObtCWuQI-9Q4hd8yAfTujAnocQXpLeocB-g00oXRaKURTMAcO_grTdz1xKygdnv2l9N_pGnkiJMRzydTX5J0rwn_r7h_JNAiNT6z34zymmnLEfyA/s617/Augusto%20Gomes%20Leal.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="617" data-original-width="334" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq4PYeRduhL-80y9sBWw8l61flw93ErPGsk35nTxOUryVpc5eexGP9-JLeC4ZdIBRTOU9rkXzyx8ObtCWuQI-9Q4hd8yAfTujAnocQXpLeocB-g00oXRaKURTMAcO_grTdz1xKygdnv2l9N_pGnkiJMRzydTX5J0rwn_r7h_JNAiNT6z34zymmnLEfyA/s16000/Augusto%20Gomes%20Leal.png" /></a></span></span></b></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A fotografia, datada de 1860, é um indício da
cultura escravista no Brasil, ao expressar a </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ambiguidade
do trabalho doméstico exercido pela ama de leite, desenvolvendo uma relação de
proximidade e subordinação em relação aos senhores. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">integração
dos escravos aos valores das classes médias, cultivando a família como pilar da
sociedade imperial. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">melhoria
das condições de vida dos escravos observada pela roupa luxuosa, associando o
trabalho doméstico a privilégios para os cativos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">esfera da
vida privada, centralizando a figura feminina para afirmar o trabalho da mulher
na educação letrada dos infantes. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">distinção
étnica entre senhores e escravos, demarcando a convivência entre estratos
sociais como meio para superar a mestiçagem.<span style="background: white; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">18. (Enem PPL 2019) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os pesquisadores que trabalham com sociedades
indígenas centram sua atenção em documentos do tipo jurídico-administrativo
(visitas, testamentos, processos) ou em relações e informes e têm deixado em
segundo plano as crônicas. Quando as utilizam, dão maior importância àquelas
que foram escritas primeiro e que têm caráter menos teórico e intelectualizado,
por acharem que estas podem oferecer informações menos deformadas. Contrariamos
esse posicionamento, pois as crônicas são importantes fontes etnográficas,
independentemente de serem contemporâneas ao momento da conquista ou de terem
sido redigidas em período posterior. O fato de seus autores serem verdadeiros
humanistas ou pouco letrados não desvaloriza o conteúdo dessas crônicas.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">PORTUGAL, A. R. <i>O ayllu andino nas crônicas
quinhentistas</i>: um polígrafo na literatura brasileira do século XIX
(1885-1897). São Paulo: Cultura Acadêmica, 2009.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As fontes valorizadas no texto são relevantes para
a reconstrução da história das sociedades pré-colombianas porque </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">sintetizam
os ensinamentos da catequese. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">enfatizam
os esforços de colonização. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">tipificam
os sítios arqueológicos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">relativizam
os registros oficiais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">substituem
as narrativas orais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">19. (Enem 2017) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Art. 231. São reconhecidos aos índios sua
organização social, costumes, línguas, crenças e tradições, e os direitos
originários sobre as terras que tradicionalmente ocupam, competindo à União
demarcá-las, proteger e fazer respeitar todos os seus bens.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">BRASIL. Constituição da República Federativa do
Brasil de 1988. Disponível em: www.planalto.gov. br. Acesso em: 27 abr. 2017.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A persistência das reivindicações relativas à
aplicação desse preceito normativo tem em vista a vinculação histórica
fundamental entre </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">etnia e
miscigenação racial.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">sociedade
e igualdade jurídica.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">espaço e
sobrevivência cultural.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">progresso
e educação ambiental.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">bem-estar
e modernização econômica.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">20. (Enem PPL 2017) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No primeiro semestre do ano de 2009, o Supremo
Tribunal Federal (STF), a mais alta corte judicial brasileira, prolatou decisão
referente ao polêmico caso envolvendo a demarcação da reserva indígena Raposa
Serra do Sol, onde habitam aproximadamente dezenove mil índios aldeados nas
tribos Macuxi, Wapixana, Taurepang, Ingarikó e Paramona – em julgamento
paradigmático que estabeleceu uma série de conceitos e diretrizes válidas não
só para o caso em questão, mas para todas as reservas indígenas demarcadas ou em
processo de demarcação no Brasil.</span></b></p><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: x-small;"><div style="text-align: right;">SALLES, D. J. P. C. Disponível em: www.ambito-juridico.com.br. Acesso em: 30 jul. 2013 (adaptado).</div></span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A demarcação de terras indígenas, conforme o texto,
evidencia a </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ampliação
da população indígena na região. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">função
do Direito na organização da sociedade. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">mobilização
da sociedade civil pela causa indígena.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">diminuição
do preconceito contra os índios no Brasil.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">pressão
de organismos internacionais em defesa dos índios brasileiros.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">21. (Uece 2019) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considerando o que se entende por “relações
étnico-raciais”, assinale a afirmação verdadeira. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os seres
humanos não têm raça, apenas são biologicamente diferentes por sua cor de pele,
embora sejam todos culturalmente iguais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As
relações étnico-raciais revelam a globalização das sociedades, com a superação
das diferenças raciais e de pertencimentos culturais entre os povos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Raça é
compreendida como a construção social estabelecida nas tensas relações entre
brancos e negros, muitas vezes simuladas como harmoniosas; e etnia se refere a
grupos que estão juntos devido a sua cultura e seus interesses historicamente
comuns. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As
relações étnico-raciais expressam diferenças e interesses entre as classes
sociais, e como cada classe se posiciona na organização da produção material da
vida cotidiana. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">22. (Unesp 2020) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Leia o texto e observe o mapa para responder à
questão a seguir.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Nem existia Brasil no
começo dessa história. Existiam o Peru e o México, no contexto pré-colombiano,
mas Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Estados Unidos, Canadá, não. No que seria o
Brasil, havia gente no Norte, no Rio, depois no Sul, mas toda essa gente tinha
pouca relação entre si até meados do século XVIII. E há aí a questão da
navegação marítima, torna-se importante aprender bem história marítima, que é
ligada à geografia. [...] Essa compreensão me deu muita liberdade para ver as
relações que Rio, Pernambuco e Bahia tinham com Luanda. Depois a Bahia tem
muito mais relação com o antigo Daomé, hoje Benin, na Costa da Mina. Isso
formava um todo, muito mais do que o Brasil ou a América portuguesa. [...]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Nunca os missionários
entraram na briga para saber se o africano havia sido ilegalmente escravizado
ou não, mas a escravidão indígena foi embargada pelos missionários desde o
começo, e isso também é um pouco interesse dos negreiros, ou seja, que a
escravidão africana predomine. [...] A escravização tem dois processos: o
primeiro é a despersonalização, e o segundo é a dessocialização.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Imagem_x0020_5" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 237.75pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 259.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/jaugu/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Luiz Felipe de Alencastro. Entrevista a
Mariluce Moura. “O observador do Brasil no Atlântico Sul”. <i>In</i>: <i>Revista
Pesquisa Fapesp</i>, no 188, outubro de 2011.)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNq-4FAqvSTqLZTg4N4fvhLT0mGfzBK5n5AzZgFT8K4DqJgwzBANQJ0lXnW5FR78PRg7iQHi9X7GC2e7XGGCCPQN0qPwsALd1IGn9DNMdu3nstvVC-_wAMeuFvU2EsbZoWzPiVnNDDOdUitDpGLiWElyVBBH02IpX2spKk-MBz0C74zxvYD7GNELH04Q/s450/Tr%C3%A1fico%20negreiro.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="412" data-original-width="450" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNq-4FAqvSTqLZTg4N4fvhLT0mGfzBK5n5AzZgFT8K4DqJgwzBANQJ0lXnW5FR78PRg7iQHi9X7GC2e7XGGCCPQN0qPwsALd1IGn9DNMdu3nstvVC-_wAMeuFvU2EsbZoWzPiVnNDDOdUitDpGLiWElyVBBH02IpX2spKk-MBz0C74zxvYD7GNELH04Q/s16000/Tr%C3%A1fico%20negreiro.png" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A “despersonalização” e a “dessocialização” dos
escravizados podem ser associadas, respectivamente, </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ao fato
de que os escravos eram identificados por números marcados a ferro e à
interdição do contato entre os cativos e seus senhores.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">à noção
do escravo como mercadoria e ao fato de que os africanos eram extraídos de sua
comunidade de origem.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">à noção
do escravo como tolerante ao trabalho compulsório e ao fato de que ele era
proibido de fazer amizades ou constituir família.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ao fato
de que os escravos eram etnologicamente indistintos e à proibição de realização
de festas e cultos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">à noção
do escravo como desconhecedor do território colonial e ao fato de que ele não
era reconhecido como brasileiro.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">23. (Enem PPL 2019) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O frevo é uma forma de expressão musical,
coreográfica e poética, enraizada no Recife e em Olinda, no estado de
Pernambuco. O frevo é formado pela grande mescla de gêneros musicais, danças,
capoeira e artesanato. É uma das mais ricas expressões da inventividade e
capacidade de realização popular na cultura brasileira. Possui a capacidade de
promover a criatividade humana e também o respeito à diversidade cultural. No
ano de 2012, a Unesco proclamou o frevo como Patrimônio Imaterial da Humanidade.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">PORTAL BRASIL. Disponível em: www.brasil.gov.br.
Acesso em: 10 fev. 2013.</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 8pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A característica da manifestação cultural descrita
que justifica a sua condição de Patrimônio Imaterial da Humanidade é a </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">conversão
dos festejos em produto da elite. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">expressão
de sentidos construídos coletivamente. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">dominação
ideológica de um grupo étnico sobre outros. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">disseminação
turística internacional dos eventos festivos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">identificação
de simbologias presentes nos monumentos artísticos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">24. (Unesp 2018) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No Brasil, para uma população 54% negra (incluídos
os pardos), apenas 14% dos juízes e 2% dos procuradores e promotores públicos
são negros. Juízes devem ser imparciais em relação a cor, credo, gênero, e os
mais sensíveis desenvolvem empatia que lhes permite colocar-se no lugar dos
mais desfavorecidos socialmente. Nos Estados Unidos, várias ONGs dedicam-se a
defender réus já condenados. Como resultado do trabalho de apenas uma delas,
353 presos foram inocentados em novos julgamentos desde 1989. Desses, 219 eram
negros. No Brasil, é uma incógnita o avanço social que seria obtido por uma
justiça cega à cor.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Mylene Pereira Ramos. “A justiça tem cor?”. <i>Veja</i>,
24.01.2018. Adaptado.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sobre o funcionamento da justiça, pode-se afirmar
que </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o
preconceito étnico é fenômeno exclusivamente subjetivo e sem implicações na
esfera pública. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
neutralidade e objetividade no julgamento não estão sujeitas a fatores de
natureza psicológica. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
disparidade da composição étnica entre réus e juízes é um fator de crítica à
atuação do Judiciário. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
isenção jurídica é garantida por critérios objetivos que independem da origem
étnica ou social. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
imparcialidade nos julgamentos é fator que torna desnecessária a adoção de
políticas afirmativas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">25. (Enem (Libras) 2017) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A miscigenação que largamente se praticou aqui
corrigiu a distância social que de outro modo se teria conservado enorme entre
a casa-grande e a mata tropical; entre a casa-grande e a senzala. O que a
monocultura latifundiária e escravocrata realizou no sentido de
aristocratização, extremando a sociedade brasileira em senhores e escravos, com
uma rala e insignificante lambujem de gente livre sanduichada entre os extremos
antagônicos, foi em grande parte contrariado pelos efeitos sociais da
miscigenação.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">FREYRE, G. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Casa-grande & senzala</span></i>. Rio de
Janeiro: Record, 1999.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A temática discutida é muito presente na obra de
Gilberto Freyre, e a explicação para essa recorrência está no empenho do autor
em </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">defender
os aspectos positivos da mistura racial. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">buscar
as causas históricas do atraso social. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">destacar
a violência étnica da exploração colonial.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">valorizar
a dinâmica inata da democracia política.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">descrever
as debilidades fundamentais da colonização portuguesa.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">26. (Enem PPL 2017) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O racismo institucional é a negação coletiva de uma
organização em prestar serviços adequados para pessoas por causa de sua cor,
cultura ou origem étnica. Pode estar associado a formas de preconceito
inconsciente, desconsideração e reforço de estereótipos que colocam algumas
pessoas em situações de desvantagem.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">GIDDENS, A.<b> </b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Sociologia</span></i>. Porto
Alegre: Penso, 2012 (adaptado).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O argumento apresentado no texto permite o
questionamento de pressupostos de universalidade e justifica a institucionalização
de políticas antirracismo.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No Brasil, um exemplo desse tipo de política é a </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">reforma do Código Penal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">elevação
da renda mínima.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">adoção
de ações afirmativas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">revisão
da legislação eleitoral.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">censura
aos meios de comunicação.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">27. (Enem PPL 2017) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Pude entender o discurso do cacique Aniceto, na
assembleia dos bispos, padres e missionários, em que exigia nada mais, nada
menos que os índios fossem batizados. Contestava a pastoral da Igreja, de não
interferir nos costumes tribais, evitando missas e batizados. Para Aniceto, o
batismo aparecia como sinal do branco, que dava reconhecimento de cristão, isto
é, de humano, ao índio.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">MARTINS, J. S. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">A chegada do estranho</span></i>. São Paulo:
Hucitec, 1993 (adaptado).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O objetivo do posicionamento do cacique xavante em
relação ao sistema religioso externo às tribos era </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">flexibilizar
a crença católica e seus rituais como forma de evolução cultural. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">acatar a
cosmologia cristã e suas divindades como orientação ideológica legítima.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">incorporar
a religiosidade dominante e seus sacramentos como estratégia de aceitação
social.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">prevenir
retaliações de grupos missionários como defesa de práticas religiosas
sincréticas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">reorganizar
os comportamentos tribais como instrumento de resistência da comunidade
indígena.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">28. (Enem PPL 2017) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">TEXTO I</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Frantz Fanon publicou pela primeira vez, em 1952, seu estudo sobre
colonialismo e racismo, <i>Pele negra, máscaras brancas</i>. Ao dizer que “para
o negro, há somente um destino” e que esse destino é branco, Fanon revelou que
as aspirações de muitos povos colonizados foram formadas pelo pensamento
colonial predominante.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">BUCKINGHAM, W. et al. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">O livro da filosofia</i>. São Paulo: Globo, 2011 (adaptado).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 6pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">TEXTO II<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Mesmo que não queiramos cobrar desses estabelecimentos (salões de
beleza) uma eficácia política nos moldes tradicionais da militância, uma vez
que são estabelecimentos comerciais e não entidades do movimento negro, o fato
é que, ao se autodenominarem “étnicos” e se apregoarem como divulgadores de uma
autoimagem positiva do negro em uma sociedade racista, os salões se colocam no
cerne de uma luta política e ideológica.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">GOMES, N.<b> </b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Corpo e cabelo como símbolos da
identidade negra</span></i>. Disponível em: www.rizoma.ufsc.br. Acesso em: 13
fev. 2013.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os textos apresentam uma mudança relevante na
constituição identitária frente à discriminação racial. No Brasil, o
desdobramento dessa mudança revela o(a) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">valorização
de traços culturais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">utilização
de resistência violenta. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">fortalecimento
da organização partidária.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">enfraquecimento
dos vínculos comunitários.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">aceitação
de estruturas de submissão social.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">29. (Enem PPL 2016) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Flor da negritude</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Nascido numa casa antiga, pequena, com grande
quintal arborizado, localizada no subúrbio de Lins de Vasconcelos, o Renascença
Clube foi fundado por 29 sócios, todos negros. Buscava-se instaurar, por meio
do Renascença, um campo de relações em que os filhos de famílias negras
bem-sucedidas pudessem encontrar pessoas consideradas do mesmo nível social e
cultural, para fins de amizade ou casamento. Os homens usavam trajes
obrigatoriamente formais, flores na lapela, às vezes de <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">summer</i> ou até de fraque. As mulheres se vestiam com muitas sedas,
cetins e rendas, não esquecendo as luvas e os chapéus.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">GIACOMINI, S. M. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Revista de História da Biblioteca Nacional</i>, 19 set 2007 (adaptado).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No início dos anos 1950, a fundação do Renascença
Clube, como espaço de convivência, demonstra o(a) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">inexperiência
associativa que levou a elite negra a imitar os clubes dos brancos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">isolamento
da comunidade destacada que ignorava a democracia racial brasileira. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">interesse
de um grupo de negros na afirmativa social para se livrar do preconceito. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">existência
de uma elite negra imune ao preconceito pela posição social que ocupava. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">criação
de um racismo invertido que impedia a presença de pessoas brancas nesses
clubes. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">30. (Ufu 2015) A questão da demarcação
de terras indígenas tem ao longo do tempo suscitado diversos conflitos. Mais
recentemente, observou-se a possibilidade de modificar os critérios de
demarcação, pois, conforme seus críticos, os regulamentos vigentes possibilitariam
a ação de “indígenas civilizados”, ou seja, aqueles que supostamente teriam
perdido sua identidade indígena, e que agora a reivindicavam com o intuito de
obter terras. No centro deste debate, encontra-se a definição do que é ser
indígena, enfim, a definição dos critérios definidores de uma etnia.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Para os estudos antropológicos atuais,
define-se uma etnia por meio da</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) identificação da presença de traços fenotípicos
comuns a uma população, atrelados ao cultivo de uma tradição cultural.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) ocupação territorial de um país específico e
pela persistência de traços culturais tradicionais. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) identificação de uma concepção, partilhada por
uma população, da existência de uma trajetória histórica comum que funda uma
identidade. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) identificação de traços raciais comuns a uma
população, aliados a elementos culturais específicos. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">31. (Uem 2014) “[...] Protegidos por
sua retirada para regiões de difícil acesso, os Jê do Sul do Brasil
sobreviveram por alguns séculos aos Tupi, logo liquidados pelos colonizadores.
Nas florestas dos estados meridionais, Paraná e Santa Catarina, pequenos bandos
selvagens mantiveram-se até o século XX; talvez ainda subsistissem alguns em
1935, tão ferozmente perseguidos nos últimos cem anos que se mantinham invisíveis;
porém, a maioria fora aldeada e assentada pelo governo brasileiro, por volta de
1914, em vários centros” </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(LÉVI-STRAUSS, C. Tristes Trópicos. São
Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 1996, p. 144).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A partir dos significados da cultura
segundo a antropologia, da história dos conflitos entre populações indígenas e
outros grupos humanos e do texto de Lévi- Strauss, é correto afirmar que </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">01) a inferioridade cultural dos índios Jê frente a
outros grupos humanos foi o principal fator que contribuiu para o seu
desaparecimento. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">02) a perseguição feroz a grupos étnicos distintos
do grupo socialmente dominante pode levar à invisibilidade social dos grupos
perseguidos. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">04) a perseguição e o massacre dos índios Jê no Sul
do Brasil foram fortemente motivados por pontos de vista etnocêntricos,
interesses de Estado e ação de grupos sociais diversos. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">08) já não existiam grupos indígenas no Sul do
Brasil no início do século XX. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">16) o etnocentrismo, o preconceito, os interesses
econômicos e as relações de poder influenciaram a maioria dos estados modernos
no desrespeito aos direitos e às culturas das populações nativas que habitam
seus territórios. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">32. (Unicentro 2012) A suposição de que
havia um consenso absoluto sobre a organização social e a vida cultural de cada
tribo só era possível através da ideia que os administradores e cientistas
europeus tinham da “tradição”. As sociedades “tribais” (ou “primitivas”)
seriam, para eles, “sociedades tradicionais” — não só as regras de conduta eram
pautadas rigidamente pelo costume, como esse costume era transmitido, oralmente
e de forma imutável, de geração a geração, desde o princípio dos tempos. Os
europeus não admitiam que os africanos pudessem refletir criticamente sobre a
sua própria cultura”. </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 1cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">FIGUEIREDO, Fábio Baqueiro. História da África.
Brasília: Ministério da Educação; Salvador: Centro de Estudos Afro-Orientais,
2010. 144.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O texto pontua a construção do olhar
europeu sobre a África, no período colonial.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A partir dos debates atuais sobre as
relações étnicas no Brasil, identifique com V ou F, conforme sejam verdadeiras
ou falsas as afirmativas sobre o texto.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(</span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-themecolor: background1;">aa</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">) O resultado sociopolítico dessa visão
estereotipada ainda hoje pode ser observado em relação à população
afro-brasileira.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(</span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-themecolor: background1;">aa</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">) Os conflitos raciais resultam de
estereótipos sociais, e não de fatos científicos.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1cm;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(</span><span style="color: white; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-themecolor: background1;">aa</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">) Um indivíduo etnocêntrico não tem
capacidade de observar outras culturas nas próprias condições em que elas se
mostram.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A alternativa que contém a sequência correta,
de cima para baixo, é a</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;">a) V V V <br />b) F V V <br />c) V F F <br />d) F V F <br />e) V V F</span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">33. (Uem-pas 2012) Segundo a autora
Valéria Pilão, “Há um grupo no estado de São Paulo chamado ‘Carecas do ABC’,
cuja atividade coletiva chegou ao extremo de jogarem um garoto pela janela do
trem, pois o mesmo era punk. As manifestações homofóbicas também estão
presentes, o preconceito contra o negro é outra característica que permeia
estes movimentos. Na cidade de Curitiba, capital do estado do Paraná,
recentemente (set/2005) um grupo pregando ‘o orgulho branco’ agrediu um negro
na região denominada setor histórico. Suas atitudes não pararam por aí,
panfletos cujo conteúdo propunha o preconceito ao homossexual e ao negro foram
afixados nos postes do local.”</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(PILÃO, V. Movimentos sociais. In:
LORENSETTI, E. et al. Sociologia. Curitiba: SEED-PR, 2006, p. 241-242).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Levando em consideração o texto acima,
é correto afirmar que</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) a discriminação contra os grupos sociais
considerados minoritários, como aparece no texto citado, respeita o ordenamento
jurídico brasileiro. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) as situações de violência descritas no texto
expressam a persistência de preconceitos contra homossexuais e negros na
sociedade brasileira. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) no Brasil, após a promulgação da Constituição de
1988, o preconceito e a discriminação contra grupos minoritários deixaram de
existir. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) o preconceito e a discriminação contra
homossexuais e negros contribuem para tornar a sociedade brasileira homogênea,
saudável e pacífica. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">34. (Uem 2012) Leia o texto a seguir e
assinale o que for correto sobre o tema da diversidade étnica. </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“[...] Na verdade, raça, no Brasil
jamais foi um termo neutro; ao contrário, associou-se com frequência a uma
imagem particular do país. Muitas vezes, na vertente mais negativa de finais do
século XIX, a mestiçagem existente no país parecia atestar a falência da nação
[...]” </span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 5pt 21.3pt; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(SCHWARCZ, Lilia Moritz. Nem preto nem branco,
muito pelo contrário: cor e raça na intimidade. In: NOVAIS, Fernando &
SCHWARCZ, Lilia Moritz (orgs.) História da Vida Privada no Brasil. Contrastes
da intimidade contemporânea,. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 1998, p. 177).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) Os termos raça e etnia se equivalem. Ambos fazem
referência à composição de grupos de pessoas com características fisiológicas e
biológicas comuns. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) Os estudos centrados na noção de raça
classificam a humanidade por meio da seleção natural e da organização
genética. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Por ser o Brasil o país com o maior número de
negros e afrodescendentes depois do continente africano, não é pertinente
discutir no Brasil o racismo. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Nas décadas seguintes à abolição da escravatura,
a integração dos negros à sociedade brasileira foi marcada pela adoção de
mecanismos de inclusão que resultaram, recentemente, na implantação das
chamadas políticas de ação afirmativa. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">35. (Unisc 2012) <i>“Em um
contexto nacional em que o desenvolvimento econômico é institucionalmente
defendido como a solução para todos os males sociais, se faz necessário
refletir sobre a forma como os indígenas são representados nos meios de mídia
de massa na atualidade. A evidente emergência de discursos anti-indigenistas
nestes meios tem consequência direta na vida destas coletividades, na forma
como são tratadas cotidianamente pelas populações não índias, com as quais,
inevitavelmente, convivem e compartilham espaços.<br />
Assim como nos séculos passados, não são poucos os episódios de perseguição a
minorias autóctones e quilombolas no Brasil do século XXI. Há uma recorrência
de manifestações anti-indigenistas, estas não se dão de forma regular, estável,
mas oscilam, surgem entre extremos situados entre o esquecimento/apagamento e o
revisionismo/memória de uma construção de nação que destina um lugar aos
indígenas apenas e tão somente no seu passado.”</i></span></b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 5pt 21.3pt; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Fonte: PRADELLA, L. G.; ELTZ, D. Mídia de massa e
anti-indigenismo no sul do Brasil do século XXI. In: RIO GRANDE DO SUL.
Coletivos guaranis no Rio Grande do Sul. Assembleia Legislativa do Rio Grande
do Sul/Comissão de Cidadania e Direitos Humanos, 2010, p. 50). <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I. O texto defende o fenômeno da aculturação para
resolução e integração dos povos indígenas na sociedade nacional.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II. Segundo os autores, os meios de comunicação de
massa são responsáveis pela fiscalização de políticas indigenistas,
representando todos os pontos de vista em seus discursos midiáticos.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III. Conforme o texto, a mídia, de forma
recorrente, nega a atualidade dos direitos indígenas na nação brasileira.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">IV. Para os autores, discursos anti-indigenistas
baseiam-se na defesa do valor histórico das populações indígenas.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale a alternativa correta.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) Somente a afirmativa I está correta. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) Somente a afirmativa III está correta. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Somente as afirmativas I e IV estão
corretas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Somente as afirmativas III e IV estão corretas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) Somente as afirmativas I e II estão
corretas. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">36. (Unioeste 2011) “Na segunda metade
do século XX, a tendência à superação das ideias racistas permitiu que
diferentes povos e culturas fossem percebidos a partir de suas especificidades.
Grupos de negros pressionaram pela adoção de medidas legais que garantissem a
eles igualdade de condições e combatessem a segregação racial. Chegamos então
ao ponto em que nos encontramos, tendo que tirar o atraso de décadas de descaso
por assuntos referentes à África”. </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Marina de Mello e Souza. A descoberta
da África. RHBN, ano 4, n. 38, novembro de 2008, p.72-75.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A partir deste texto e do conhecimento
da sociologia a respeito da questão racial em nosso país, é possível afirmar
que</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) autores como Gilberto Freyre, Florestan
Fernandes, Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Darcy Ribeiro, entre outros tantos
autores, são importantes por chamarem a atenção do país para o papel dos negros
na construção do Brasil e da brasilidade, e as formas de exclusão explícitas e
implícitas que sofreram. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) apesar de relevante a luta contra o preconceito
racial, o estudo da África só diria respeito ao conhecimento do passado, do
período do Descobrimento do Brasil até a abolição da escravidão entre
nós. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) estudar a África só nos indicaria a captura e a
escravidão de diferentes povos africanos, tendo em vista que raça e o racismo
são categorias ideológicas as quais servem para encobrir as fortes tensões
sociais existentes entre a imensa classe de pobres e o seu oposto à dos
ricos. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) a autora quer dizer que devemos hoje operar cada
vez mais com categorias tais como a especificidade da raça negra, da raça
branca, da raça amarela e outras mais. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">37. (Unioeste 2011) Quanto aos índios
brasileiros, a partir dos estudos sociológicos já feitos e existentes hoje,
está correto dizer que</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) estão em via de extinção posto serem culturas
primitivas e atrasadas com relação à sociedade brasileira, daí se
inviabilizarem como grupo social. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) não há mais índios no país, posto que só
existiriam índios quando da descoberta do Brasil e no período Colonial, quando
pelas guerras, doenças e outros fatores advindo do contato com os
colonizadores, vieram a se extinguir. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) apesar das desigualdades sociais imensas que
sofreram e sofrem, marginalizando-os, eles continuam presentes marcando,
atualmente, muito melhor suas identidades e pertencimentos culturais
específicos, abrindo e conquistando espaços políticos dentro da sociedade
brasileira. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) não mais existem índios no Brasil, pois que
todos eles já entraram na sociedade brasileira, adquirindo os bens e serviços
desta, daí não haver mais nenhuma cultura indígena pura, verdadeira, a qual
possamos nos referir como legitimamente indígena. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">38. (Uenp 2010) Do ponto de vista
sociológico, no Brasil se constituiu sobre o mito da democracia racial
principalmente depois da publicação de Casa grande e senzala de Gilberto Freyre
(2003). De acordo com Florestan Fernandes (1965) o ideal de miscigenação fora difundido
como mecanismo de absorção do mestiço não para a ascensão social do negro, mas
para a hegemonia da classe dominante. O mito da democracia racial assentou-se
sobre dois fundamentos: 1) o mito do bom senhor; 2) o mito do escravo submisso.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Analise as afirmações: </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I. A crença no bom senhor exalta a vulgaridade das
elites modernas, como diria Contardo Calligaris, e juntamente com uma espécie
de pseudocordialidade seriam responsáveis pela manutenção e o aprofundamento
das diferenças sociais.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II. O mito do escravo submisso fez com que a
sociedade de um modo geral não encarasse de frente a violência da escravidão,
fez com que os ouvidos se ensurdecessem aos clamores do movimento negro, por
direitos e por justiça.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III. As proposições legislativas sobre a inclusão
de negros vão desde o Projeto de Lei que reserva aos negros um percentual fixo
de cargos da administração pública, aos que instituem cotas para negros nas
universidades públicas e nos meios de comunicação. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale a alternativa correta:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;">a) todas as afirmações são verdadeiras. <br />b) apenas a afirmação II e verdadeira. <br />c) as afirmações I e III são verdadeiras. <br />d) as afirmações I e II são falsas. <br />e) todas as afirmações são falsas. </span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">39. (Uenp 2010) Leia o trecho da música
Haiti, de Caetano Veloso e Gilberto Gil: </span></b></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;"><br />Quando você for convidado pra subir no adro <br />Da fundação casa de Jorge Amado <br />Pra ver do alto a fila de soldados, quase todos pretos <br />Dando porrada na nuca de malandros pretos <br />De ladrões mulatos e outros quase brancos <br />Tratados como pretos <br />Só pra mostrar aos outros quase pretos <br />(E são quase todos pretos) <br />E aos quase brancos pobres como pretos <br />Como é que pretos, pobres e mulatos <br />E quase brancos quase pretos de tão pobres são tratados <br /></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale a alternativa correta.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) Não existe, na música, uma referência indireta
ao haitianismo. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) A música faz referência a um processo de
exclusão seletiva que atinge de forma mais gravosa a população negra. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) É possível afirmar que os processos de exclusão
atingem, da mesma forma, brancos e negros. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) A alusão ao Haiti é para fazer contraposição à
situação brasileira. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) O texto faz referência ao processo de
miscigenação racial pela qual passa o Brasil. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">40. (Unesp 2013) Hoje, a melhor ciência
informa que as etnias são variações cosméticas do núcleo genético humano,
incapazes sozinhas de determinar a superioridade de um indivíduo ou grupo sobre
outros. Segundo o médico Sérgio Pena, não somos todos iguais, somos igualmente
diferentes. É uma beleza, do ponto de vista da antropologia genética, esperar
que, um dia, ela ajude a desvendar o enigma clássico da condição humana que é a
eterna desconfiança do outro, do diferente, do estrangeiro. O DNA nada sabe
desse sentimento. No seu coração genético, a espécie humana é tão mais forte e sadia
quanto mais variações apresenta. </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Fábio Altman. Unidos pelo futebol … e
pelo DNA. Veja, 09.06.2010. Adaptado.) </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Esta reportagem aborda o tema das
diferenças entre as etnias humanas sob um ponto de vista contrastante em
relação a outras abordagens vigentes ao longo da história. Em termos éticos,
trata-se de uma abordagem promissora, pois</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) opõe-se às teorias antropológicas que criticaram
o etnocentrismo ocidental em seu papel de justificação ideológica do
colonialismo. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) apresenta argumentos científicos que provam o
caráter prejudicial da miscigenação para o progresso da humanidade. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) fornece uma fundamentação científica para
justificar estereótipos racistas presentes no pensamento cotidiano e no senso
comum. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) permite um questionamento radical dos ideais
universalistas inspiradores de políticas de preservação dos direitos
humanos. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) estabelece uma ruptura com teorias eugenistas
que defenderam a purificação racial como meio de aperfeiçoamento da
humanidade. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/file/9mj1vzs1ifn3e2d/Sociologia+-+Questão+Indígena+e+Racial+no+Brasil+-+Lista+de+Exercícios.pdf/file" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBBzhRgESMJOfe1LMEmGdcr-jj9omj6sNe5VWLFWpAnGgUlxOZR064pGPM4uff8YLtdK1s0NSgf6Mhg7kiam8oZtUkE7BKEHyHtJbjQkPuDAzCxItQXhx3HNeDmHbny_hC2H8A8bAQKGsD5Er5pAHKaOquHLENolQaiuhYmH-UPzcsTUqhEERtjFUhJw/s1600/Lista%20de%20exerc%C3%ADcios.png" width="275" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.portaldovestibulando.com/2023/05/questao-indigena-e-racial-no-brasil_28.html" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="55" data-original-width="266" height="55" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgl03WC4X08TZwSz5pNCiUZv7TijedppqNwVL0z8j4D3ueQyAmVdykZXf6z8niAX6Dn45je9Hs2htr11QfkNSsXlyMnNeCfLzbHh3_OUISrsmP2lb-uAh5V0FREmW5Xxxhi9EVmyo9nVDWl-3cTsipG6i9nQEyrA2PtZGzwwkksH4eKB2gXHb1oPIS5Yg/s1600/Gabarito.png" width="266" /></a></div><br /></b><p></p><br /><p></p>Portal do Vestibulandohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03466686065222700679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5538522159417475835.post-86491003711874836672023-05-28T12:36:00.005-04:002023-05-28T12:40:03.574-04:00Brasil Colonial - Invasões - Lista de exercícios - Simulado<p> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">1.
(Acafe 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No século XVII, o Nordeste brasileiro foi invadido
pelos holandeses. As motivações para tal invasão inserem-se em um processo
político e econômico que envolveu Holanda, Portugal e Espanha.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considerando
o contexto e as características da invasão holandesa, no Brasil, assinale a
alternativa CORRETA. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os holandeses tinham interesse em diversificar a produção de exportação
do Nordeste brasileiro, implementando o cultivo extensivo de cacau e do tabaco,
produtos que obtinham crescente interesse no mercado consumidor europeu. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No final do século XVI, com a formação da União Ibérica, o território
brasileiro ficou sob o domínio da Espanha, que também governava a Holanda.
Contudo, os holandeses, na tentativa de validar sua independência, invadiram o
Brasil no século XVII, por ser este considerado também um território espanhol. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Apesar de estabelecerem domínio sob a capitania de Pernambuco, os
holandeses buscaram manter a estrutura colonial portuguesa já existente. Os
investimentos holandeses, na região, visavam garantir a estrutura de
funcionamento das lavouras e sua ampliação. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O domínio holandês se concretizou, igualmente, na então capital do
Brasil, a cidade de Salvador. Em 1624 a invasão dos holandeses garantiu o
domínio da região Nordeste, a partir da implantação de uma sede administrativa
em Salvador, que foi efetivada com a chegada de Maurício de Nassau,
administrador do território holandês. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">2.
(Esa 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Em outubro de 2021, a cidade de Recife-PE foi
selecionada para abrigar a nova Escola de Formação e Graduação de Sargentos de
Carreira do Exército. Na mesma região, ocorreu o movimento conhecido como
Insurreição Pernambucana (1645 – 1654) que teve as Batalhas de Guararapes como
ponto alto. O órgão que financiou a invasão holandesa no Brasil foi o(a): </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Associação comercial holandesa de Maurisstad </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Ducado holandês de Amsterdan </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Instituto de comércio e desenvolvimento Brasil-Holanda </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Reino holandês de Nassau </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Companhia holandesa das Índias Ocidentais </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">3.
(Fgv 2020) </span></b><b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Palmares
conseguiu fazer o medo senhorial referente às fugas escravas chegar a seu ponto
máximo e também marcou o auge dos grandes exércitos de aniquilação. É
relativamente frequente, na correspondência oficial entre a metrópole e os
governos do final do século XVII, a equiparação de Palmares à invasão
holandesa, pelos danos, perigos e dificuldades da guerra.</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">LARA,
S. H., “Do singular ao plural. Palmares, capitães-do-mato e o governo dos
escravos”. In REIS, J.J. e GOMES, F. dos S., <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Liberdade por um fio. História dos quilombos no Brasil</i>. São Paulo:
Companhia das Letras, 1996, p. 87.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
respeito de Palmares e dos quilombos no Brasil, é correto afirmar: <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Apesar de ser apontado como o maior quilombo da História do Brasil,
Palmares ofereceu menor risco que outros quilombos, pela forte presença de
missionários católicos em seu interior. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As ações de repressão e aniquilação dos quilombolas, no período
colonial, deveram-se à estrutura política centralizada e à formação de forte
exército senhorial, que impunham a ordem escravista no Brasil. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Palmares e muitos dos quilombos surgidos na região nordeste
mantiveram-se completamente fora do circuito das transações comerciais e da
circulação de bens coloniais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A violenta destruição de Palmares, ao final do século XVII, intimidou os
escravos de outras regiões e marcou o início do declínio e do abandono dessa
forma de resistência à escravidão no Brasil. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A população de Palmares foi ampliada durante as lutas entre
luso-brasileiros e holandeses, que provocaram constantes fugas de escravizados
das <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">plantations</i>. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">4.
(Uece 2019) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Leia atentamente o seguinte excerto:</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“...Os
holandeses então retornaram, em 1630, e atacaram Pernambuco, por ser a mais
próspera capitania da colônia. A partir de Olinda e Recife, eles expandiram
gradativamente seu domínio pelas terras do Nordeste”.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">FARIA, Ricardo de Moura; MIRANDA, Mônica Liz; CAMPOS, Helena Guimarães. <i>Estudos
de História</i>. 1 ed. São Paulo: FTD, 2010, p.255.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
trecho acima está relacionado ao fato histórico que corresponde </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ao início da ocupação do litoral cearense, na região da atual cidade de
Fortaleza, liderada por Pero Coelho de Sousa que ergueu o Fortim de São Tiago
na foz do rio Ceará.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">à fundação do forte de Scoonenborch, considerado o marco inicial do
desenvolvimento da atual cidade de Fortaleza, às margens do riacho Pajeú, sob
liderança de Matias Beck. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">à Chegada, no Ceará, de Martin Soares Moreno que recupera o Fortim de
São Tiago, rebatizando-o de Fortim de São Sebastião.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ao avanço das tropas de Daniel de La Touche que, vindas da colônia
chamada França Equinocial, no Maranhão, dominaram o litoral do Ceará e fundaram
o Forte de São Luis.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">5.
(Espm 2019) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Antonio Felipe Camarão,
ou simplesmente Poti (camarão), na língua tupi, era índio potiguar nascido no
Rio Grande do Norte, em 1601. Foi uma das principais lideranças potiguares do
nordeste, havia estudado com os jesuítas, conhecia latim. Lutou ao lado dos
portugueses e participou da famosa batalha de Porto Calvo ao lado dos terços de
Henrique Dias, enfrentando tropas comandadas pelo próprio Maurício de Nassau.
Teve reconhecida sua lealdade pelo rei de Portugal que lhe concedeu o hábito de
Cavaleiro da Ordem de Cristo, o direito de usar o título de dom e brasão de
armas, com soldo de capitão-mor dos índios.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Ronaldo Vainfas – direção. <i>Dicionário do Brasil Colonial</i>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Felipe
Camarão se distinguiu atuando ao lado dos portugueses:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">contra os invasores franceses do Rio de Janeiro, que tentavam criar a
França Antártica;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">na luta contra o corsário Duguay-Trouin que saqueou o Rio de
Janeiro;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">no combate que desalojou os invasores franceses do Maranhão;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">na guerrilha contra os holandeses que invadiram a Bahia;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">no combate aos holandeses, que haviam atacado o nordeste do Brasil, com
destaque na Insurreição Pernambucana.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">6.
(Col. naval 2017) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Eleito Jerônimo de Albuquerque por capitão-mor da
conquista do Maranhão, como temos dito, se foi logo às aldeias do nosso gentio
pacífico, e por lhes saber falar bem a língua, e o modo com que se levam,
ajuntou quantos quis: contarei só do que houve em uma aldeia, para que se veja
a facilidade com que se leva este gentio de quem os entende e conhece, e foi
que pôs a uma parte bom feixe de arcos, e flechas, a outra outro de rocas, e
fusos, e mostrando-lhos lhes disse: “Sobrinhos, eu vou à guerra, estas são as
armas dos homens esforçados e valentes, que me hão de seguir; estas das
mulheres fracas, e que hão de ficar em casa fiando; agora quero ouvir quem é
homem, ou mulher”. As palavras não eram ditas quando se começaram todos a
desempunhar, e pegar dos arcos, e flechas, dizendo que eram homens, e que
partissem logo para a guerra; ele os quietou, escolhendo os que havia de levar,
e que fizessem mais flechas, e fossem esperar a armada ao rio Grande, onde de
passagem os iria tomar. (...)</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Feito
isto se embarcaram todos dias de S. Bartolomeu, 24 de agosto da era de 1614
anos, em uma caravela, dois patachos e cinco caravelões (...)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Frei Vicente de Salvador</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">É
correto afirmar que o relato do Frei Vicente de Salvador está relacionado à
retomada do território que ficou conhecido como </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">França Equinocial. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">França Antártica. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Brasil holandês.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Quilombo dos Palmares.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Cisplatina.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 35.4pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">7. (Upf 2017) </span></b><b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“As invasões holandesas que ocorreram no século XVII foram o maior
conflito político-militar da Colônia brasileira. Embora concentradas no
Nordeste, elas não se resumiram a um simples episódio regional. Ao contrário,
fizeram parte do quadro das relações internacionais entre os países europeus,
revelando a dimensão da luta pelo controle do açúcar e das fontes de suprimento
de escravos” </span></i></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoHeader" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 35.4pt; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Boris Fausto, <i>História do Brasil</i>, 1996, p. 84)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sobre o tema destacado no texto acima, é correto afirmar que </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Domingos Fernandes Calabar foi o personagem
principal das forças luso-brasileiras, lutando heroicamente até o final ao lado
de Portugal, que lhe deu o título de príncipe. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a ocupação das zonas de produção açucareira na
América portuguesa e o controle do suprimento de escravos teve como principal
interessada a maior companhia de comércio da época, a Companhia Holandesa das
Índias Ocidentais, financiada com capitais do Estado e de financistas
particulares. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o despotismo de Maurício de Nassau em Pernambuco
levou a sociedade local a se levantar contra o período de pobreza imposto por
ele, em 1630. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o projeto holandês de colônias de povoamento,
similar ao dos Estados Unidos, poderia ter estimulado um desenvolvimento
autônomo à colônia brasileira, com base na industrialização. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">as Batalhas de Guararapes (1648 e 1649) marcaram a
tomada de Recife pelo exército luso-brasileiro, formado majoritariamente por
índios tapuias que, com sua técnica de guerra avançada, foram decisivos para a
derrota dos holandeses. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 35.4pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">8. (Espm 2017) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A expansão da agroindústria açucareira atingiu
proporções assombrosas. O negócio da produção e comercialização do açúcar
formava uma complexa rede de interesses que atraiu ataques estrangeiros. Em
1624 membros do exército da Companhia das Índias Ocidentais atacaram e
ocuparam a sede do governo-geral em Salvador, e lá ficaram durante quase um
ano. Em 1630, o ataque a Recife iniciou uma longa guerra de ocupação e
reconquista, na qual todos os recursos materiais e humanos da colônia foram
mobilizados para expulsar os invasores. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoHeader" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 35.4pt; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Adriana
Lopez e Carlos Guilherme Mota. <i><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">História
do Brasil</span></i>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span class="CabealhoChar"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O texto deve ser relacionado com:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></span><span class="CabealhoChar"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">invasões francesas; </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ataques de corsários ingleses;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">confrontos com espanhóis; </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">invasões holandesas; </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ataques de corsários franceses.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">9.
(Fgvrj 2017) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Navegamos pelo espaço de quatro dias, até que, a
dez de novembro, encontramos a barra de um grande rio chamado de Guanabara,
pelos nativos (devido à sua semelhança com um lago) e de Rio de Janeiro pelos
primeiros descobridores do local. [...] o Senhor de Villegagnon, para se
garantir contra possíveis ataques selvagens, que se ofendem com extrema
facilidade, e também contra os portugueses, se estes alguma vez quisessem
aparecer por ali, fortificou o lugar da melhor maneira que pôde. Os víveres
eram-nos fornecidos pelos selvagens e constituídos dos alimentos do país, a
saber, peixes e veação diversa, constante de carne de animais selvagens (pois
eles, diferentemente de nós, não criam gado), além de farinha feita de raízes
[...] Pão e vinho não havia. Em troca destes víveres, recebiam de nós alguns
objetos de pequeno valor, como facas, podões e anzóis.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">THEVET, André. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">As singularidades
da França Antártica</i>. Belo Horizonte/São Paulo, Itatia/Edusp. 1978, p.
93-94.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
frei franciscano André Thevet esteve em terras brasileiras entre 1555 e 1556,
junto com outros franceses comandados por Nicolas de Villegagnon. A leitura do
trecho do relato dessa expedição permite <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">constatar a aceitação, pelo reino francês, da partilha do Novo Mundo
realizada por portugueses e espanhóis. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">identificar as diferenças entre as práticas coloniais e o tratamento
dispensado aos indígenas pelos portugueses e franceses. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">perceber as diferenças culturais entre os povos indígenas e os
conquistadores europeus. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">reconhecer a necessidade da escravidão africana como base para a
montagem das estruturas produtoras coloniais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">diferenciar as orientações religiosas dos protestantes franceses das
referências católicas ibéricas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">10.
(Fmp 2016) Ao longo do período colonial da História do Brasil, o Império
Português foi vítima de assédio e de tentativas de invasão de seus territórios
ultramarinos por parte de diversas potências rivais. Alguns exemplos de
invasões estrangeiras na América Portuguesa estão listados a seguir:</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">1612 -
Estabelecimento da França Equinocial<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">1624 - Tentativa
derrotada da invasão holandesa a Salvador<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">1630 - Tomada de
Recife e Olinda por invasores holandeses</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
interpretação dos dados acima permite identificar que uma causa direta de todas
essas invasões estrangeiras foi a</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) fuga da Corte portuguesa para a
América <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) vitória francesa na Guerra dos Sete
Anos <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) conclusão da Reconquista da
Península Ibérica <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) guerra de Restauração Portuguesa
contra a Espanha <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) criação da União das Coroas Ibéricas </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">11.
(Udesc 2016) Analise as proposições sobre as populações indígenas na História
do Brasil.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I. A escravidão indígena não vigorou
porque as populações indígenas não possuíam vocação para a agricultura de
grande escala, tal como a implementada pela metrópole portuguesa.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II. A contribuição indígena foi
marcante em elementos do folclore, da culinária e da língua, e também no que
diz respeito à organização social e econômica do Brasil.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III. Em Santa Catarina, a concentração
de populações indígenas foi maior no litoral, em especial com a população
Guarani, Xokleng e Kaingang. No interior do Estado houve um grande vazio
populacional, o que motivou as políticas de incentivo à imigração europeia na região.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">IV. O assassinato de lideranças
indígenas, na contemporaneidade, possui vínculos com as lutas pela demarcação
de terras indígenas.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">V. No período da chegada dos europeus,
no Brasil, as populações indígenas organizaram diversas expedições de luta e de
resistência à invasão europeia, chegando a organizar uma grande confederação de
povos indígenas do litoral do Rio de Janeiro e do Vale do Paraíba para expulsar
os portugueses. Essa revolta ficou conhecida como Confederação dos Tamoios e
contou com a aliança de lideranças indígenas com invasores franceses
estabelecidos no Rio de Janeiro.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale
as alternativas corretas. </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) Somente as afirmativas I, III e IV
são verdadeiras. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) Somente as afirmativas III, IV e V
são verdadeiras. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Somente as afirmativas II, IV e V
são verdadeiras. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Somente as afirmativas I, II e III
são verdadeiras. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) Todas as afirmativas são
verdadeiras. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">12.
(Upe 2015) A primeira metade do século XVII em Pernambuco foi marcada pela
invasão holandesa à capitania. A presença holandesa em Pernambuco durou 24
anos, de 1630 a 1654. A invasão foi motivada por vários fatores, dos quais
podemos destacar</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) o sucesso da colonização holandesa
no sul da América, especialmente nas possessões espanholas, e a vontade da
Holanda em expandir seus domínios no Novo Mundo. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) a necessidade do algodão, produto
amplamente produzido na capitania de Pernambuco, desde o século XVI, por parte
das indústrias têxteis holandesas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) o bloqueio do acesso holandês pela
Coroa Espanhola ao comércio do açúcar produzido em Pernambuco, durante a União
Ibérica. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) a presença maciça de tropas
holandesas na Bahia, desde 1625. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) os interesses dos comerciantes e
senhores de engenho locais em comercializar com os holandeses, em detrimento
dos portugueses. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">13.
(Uece 2015) Atente ao que se afirma a respeito da invasão holandesa no
Nordeste brasileiro.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I. A ocupação do Nordeste do Brasil
pelos holandeses surgiu como episódio da ofensiva econômica holandesa do século
XVII.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II. A expansão econômica holandesa
baseava-se essencialmente no comércio, na usura e em outras atividades ligadas
à circulação de riquezas.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III. O objetivo maior da invasão era a
conquista da próspera economia açucareira das capitanias do Nordeste.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><b>É correto o que se
afirma em</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) I e II apenas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) II e III apenas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) I e III apenas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) I, II e III. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">14.
(Ufsm 2013) Analise o mapa e o texto.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxvvkYmwCVV9GVTJJOyCypDrgHQleT3MhN6Pt8kuvU7Igo9G9ImU8IHhY57X1OG-HkKFIN5MS92fyanhcTciE8Uy_C5S5lY6FECrgl99thuVuu0-Z6jqaPOqD26gdob_zw1s2hJSLROCSHmg8kgbW0UlNCmFWWy1f4qYFcwokR9jiUvkPYheDufyT2Ww/s680/Invas%C3%B5es%20holandesas.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="680" data-original-width="657" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxvvkYmwCVV9GVTJJOyCypDrgHQleT3MhN6Pt8kuvU7Igo9G9ImU8IHhY57X1OG-HkKFIN5MS92fyanhcTciE8Uy_C5S5lY6FECrgl99thuVuu0-Z6jqaPOqD26gdob_zw1s2hJSLROCSHmg8kgbW0UlNCmFWWy1f4qYFcwokR9jiUvkPYheDufyT2Ww/s16000/Invas%C3%B5es%20holandesas.png" /></a></b></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os
domínios holandeses da colônia portuguesa estenderam-se desde o litoral dos
atuais Maranhão até Sergipe. Para administrá-los, foi nomeado o conde Maurício
de Nassau, que permaneceu no cargo entre 1637 e 1644. Preocupado em normalizar
a rica produção açucareira, o conde conseguiu a colaboração de muitos senhores
de engenho, concedendo- lhes empréstimos que permitiram o aumento da
produtividade. [...] </span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
administração de Nassau destacou-se pelas realizações urbanísticas e culturais,
saneando e modernizando Recife, que se converteu num centro urbano repleto de
notáveis obras arquitetônicas, passando a chamar-se Mauritzstadt, ou cidade
Maurícia.</span></i></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Fonte:
VICENTINO, Cláudio; DORIGO, Gianpaolo. <i>História para o Ensino
Médio. </i>São Paulo: Scipione, 2008. p. 188-189. (adaptado)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
economia colonial portuguesa do nordeste açucareiro constituiu um dos núcleos
fundamentais do mercado mundial em expansão, nos séculos XVI e XVII. As
invasões dos holandeses, o domínio das regiões produtoras e os investimentos
feitos atestam essa importância.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Integram
esse contexto histórico, entre outros, os seguintes processos:</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I. o domínio da Espanha sobre Portugal
durante a denominada “União Ibérica”.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II. as rivalidades entre holandeses e
espanhóis na Europa, fruto das lutas para a formação do Estado Nacional
holandês em territórios sob o domínio da monarquia espanhola.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III. a continuidade da produção
açucareira, caracterizada como uma economia colonial típica, voltada para o
exterior, com a função de promover a acumulação primitiva do capital.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">IV. o enfraquecimento do controle dos
senhores sobre seus escravos durante o conflito com os holandeses, facilitando
o aumento das fugas e a ampliação da população dos quilombos, principalmente o
de Palmares.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Está(ão)
correta(s)</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) apenas I. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) apenas II. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) apenas I, II e III. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) apenas III e IV. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) I, II, III e IV. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">15.
(Uern 2013) Os habitantes de Pernambuco iniciaram uma guerrilha contra os
invasores. As ações estavam equilibradas até que Domingos Fernandes Calabar,
nascido em Alagoas, passou para o lado dos invasores e os auxiliou. Aos poucos,
toda a costa do Rio Grande do Norte e o campo de Santo Agostinho foram
dominados. Em 1635, o governador Matias de Albuquerque ordenou a retirada para
Alagoas, onde prendeu e fez executar Calabar. Os invasores conseguiram dominar ainda
por alguns anos.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Barbeiro,
Heródoto. Coleção de olho no mundo do trabalho. História.Volume único para o
ensino médio. São Paulo: Scipione. 2004. p. 220-221.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
episódio, descrito anteriormente, eclodiu no Brasil ainda no período colonial,
no contexto do ciclo da cana-de-açúcar, envolvendo várias províncias do
Nordeste, inclusive o Rio Grande do Norte.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Trata-se
da(s)</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) invasões francesas, cujo objetivo
era redistribuir as terras divididas entre Portugal, Espanha, França e
Inglaterra através do Tratado de Madri. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) invasões holandesas ocorridas, entre
outras razões, com o intuito de permitir um comércio e refino do açúcar pelos
holandeses, diretamente em terras brasileiras. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Guerra dos Mascates, envolvendo os
comerciantes portugueses e os senhores de engenho nordestinos, revoltados com
os abusos cometidos em relação ao preço do açúcar. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Revolta dos Malês, conflito grave
que envolveu todo o nordeste, cuja causa principal era a invasão de terras
devolutas, demarcadas pelo governo português na região açucareira. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">
<b>16. (Enem) O mapa a seguir apresenta parte do contorno da América do Sul
destacando a bacia amazônica. Os pontos assinalados representam fortificações
militares instaladas no século XVIII pelos portugueses. A linha indica o Tratado
de Tordesilhas revogado pelo Tratado de Madri, apenas em 1750.</b></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmOAI1vRllEjhUCG7BfuNYIBFIrSxvrmd87VtZyX4RH0nPJJ7Q8VZTZks-Ts4bara2XtPS2V6KP4P3BvAjOB4Xtjb8Jnqlkd55B38ylu1LsHgIxLP4m0y8n6tM4lRItArSlyZ5GpM7oRf494s37fR5qoyVONfhMZGpp2aXeWfD1kj9M_2YQOxEVYWXrg/s371/Fortes.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="252" data-original-width="371" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmOAI1vRllEjhUCG7BfuNYIBFIrSxvrmd87VtZyX4RH0nPJJ7Q8VZTZks-Ts4bara2XtPS2V6KP4P3BvAjOB4Xtjb8Jnqlkd55B38ylu1LsHgIxLP4m0y8n6tM4lRItArSlyZ5GpM7oRf494s37fR5qoyVONfhMZGpp2aXeWfD1kj9M_2YQOxEVYWXrg/s16000/Fortes.png" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Pode-se
afirmar que a construção dos fortes pelos portugueses visava, principalmente,
dominar</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;">a) militarmente a bacia hidrográfica do Amazonas. <br />b) economicamente as grandes rotas comerciais. <br />c) as fronteiras entre nações indígenas. <br />d) o escoamento da produção agrícola.</span><div><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><br /></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.portaldovestibulando.com/2023/05/brasil-colonial-invasoes-gabarito.html" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="55" data-original-width="266" height="55" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrDeDzD4KPGaZusWlUizqc0r0RL8inSWThEI8GhZQ1LVUzWVchmog9pfmzv5C8KeeTI8SfFD1yaUsMS_PB4VAAqJj0ZKXrKS8aie72J583MrwDMESye80tlZ6zsVk8zEYNGykB3lpHzFeTz6Ts5IAwuTMqhHoBqPCjtXbJkv4x54X6qtw41hzD1SdNOw/s1600/Gabarito.png" width="266" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/file/rp18wjtbpdxryrz/História+-+Brasil+Colonial+-+Inavasões.pdf/file" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUuDmKDtkwaFv52Je49JljGq5SAcDVwlWrv-8xTxdpFjDc8TEueV2h_VstvorINe9G07J2i9HcWlDauqGNlvAey_Lpfoy1W1-heMPoHmQZJCKAgt1-ALRn7WXcWdkzswByjrHSh1qDvOGKKGVQCQ2w2VRtpxCiqV5OAX4s_auJfJCYr2_y1GI9RpEcmA/s1600/Lista%20de%20exerc%C3%ADcios.png" width="275" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><br /></span></div>Portal do Vestibulandohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03466686065222700679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5538522159417475835.post-78378507446138256512023-01-27T22:33:00.006-04:002023-01-27T22:36:49.649-04:00Geografia Econômica: Fontes De Energia - Lista de Exercícios - Simulado<p> </p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">1.
(Fcmscsp 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Analise o gráfico.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><b><br /></b></span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL8uLewx5r-bICT9mR0q0dFVbjHyLOnhIE6tbdLUj7hfXz9dG2Jdzr_D3v1UTkw1-DRRvdHVw2MPLBCohBQoxqgXlnIneECtTqQKLsNIM6yqu9syQTHw_7sqKGXV8vj14HMX0tJQb2MipxKUVOYMCYiWjYWFVv9BP2Naerz8EXetYziGT8ZnoBfEr8-g/s600/1.%20Cota%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20do%20petr%C3%B3leo%20em%20d%C3%B3lar%20por%20barril%20-%202022.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="331" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL8uLewx5r-bICT9mR0q0dFVbjHyLOnhIE6tbdLUj7hfXz9dG2Jdzr_D3v1UTkw1-DRRvdHVw2MPLBCohBQoxqgXlnIneECtTqQKLsNIM6yqu9syQTHw_7sqKGXV8vj14HMX0tJQb2MipxKUVOYMCYiWjYWFVv9BP2Naerz8EXetYziGT8ZnoBfEr8-g/s16000/1.%20Cota%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20do%20petr%C3%B3leo%20em%20d%C3%B3lar%20por%20barril%20-%202022.png" /></a></b></div><b><br /><o:p></o:p></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considerando
a análise do gráfico e conhecimentos sobre o mercado internacional de
combustíveis fósseis, verifica-se que o preço do petróleo apresenta</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">flutuações, impactado pelas sanções econômicas dos países impostas à
Rússia e pela redução dos investimentos em energia renovável na União Europeia.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">variações, por ser uma commodity e possuir baixa demanda de consumo nos
países com industrialização tardia. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">instabilidade, por efeito da volatilidade do cenário político e
econômico global e da incerteza sobre os volumes disponíveis à oferta. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">oscilações, resultado da política de preços das empresas do setor de
óleo e gás e do controle na demanda imposta pela OPEP. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">constância, em virtude do grande número de operações de crédito nas
bolsas de valores e da elevação da taxa de juros interna dos Estados Unidos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">2.
(Uece 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A energia e suas fontes de geração são elementos
que têm se mostrado determinantes para o desenvolvimento das atividades humanas
ao longo do tempo. Sobre as principais fontes de energia, analise as
afirmações.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 8.5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I.
Apesar de ser mais sustentável, a produção de energia eólica ainda realiza
emissões de CO<sub>2</sub> superiores a 80 toneladas por km<sup>2</sup>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II.
Brasil e EUA são, respectivamente, os maiores produtores de energia
fotovoltaica do mundo, com uma capacidade instalada que ultrapassa os 253,8 GW.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III.
Os biocombustíveis são combustíveis não fósseis produzidos a partir de uma
origem biológica. O etanol utilizado nos automóveis brasileiros é um exemplo.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Está
correto o que se afirma em </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II e III, apenas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I e III, apenas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III, apenas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II, apenas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">3.
(Integrado - Medicina 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O carvão mineral é o
combustível fóssil mais abundante, principalmente, nos países do hemisfério
norte. Por possuir vida útil longa, ele é considerado o substituto imediato do
petróleo, caso este entre em situação de crise e/ou aumento de preço.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sobre
o carvão mineral como fonte energética, assinale a alternativa correta.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Dentre as vantagens encontradas na utilização do carvão mineral está a
sua fácil localização e fácil extração que, com a evolução dos meios técnicos e
tecnológicos, possibilitou uma redução significativa quanto aos impactos ao
meio ambiente. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O carvão mineral é uma rocha metamórfica de origem sedimentar e orgânica
que, apesar de ser considerada como uma fonte de energia limpa, quando
comparada a outras fontes de energia, apresenta um custo-benefício elevado,
tornando não vantajosa a sua utilização. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O benefício do carvão mineral está na alta eficácia energética
originadas pela sua formação como matéria orgânica decomposta e da sua
localização nas bacias sedimentares do assoalho oceânico, mas que tem como
malefício, danos à vida marinha, caso ocorra falha em sua extração ou problemas
nos equipamentos envolvidos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O carvão mineral contém em sua estrutura o carbono e o enxofre que após
a queima são liberados na atmosfera em forma de gás causando um agravamento do
efeito estufa e contribuindo para a formação de chuva ácida. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As grandes reservas de carvão mineral no Brasil encontram-se nos estados
de Mato Grosso e Mato Grosso do Sul que tem sofrido com a retirada de suas
composições vegetais, visto que, grande parte das árvores, matéria prima desta
matriz enérgica, é de origem de vegetação nativa. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">4.
(Fgv 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A matriz energética brasileira tem a
hidroeletricidade como principal fonte de energia. Usando a água como fonte de
energia, a hidroeletricidade é uma fonte renovável de energia.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Em
relação às usinas hidrelétricas, analise as afirmações a seguir e assinale (V)
para a verdadeira e (F) para a falsa.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 25.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 25.5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -25.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(<span style="color: white; mso-themecolor: background1;">aaa</span>) As hidrelétricas, em
geral, apresentam baixa emissão de gases de efeito estufa (CO<sub>2</sub> e CH<sub>4</sub>),
quando comparadas às usinas termelétricas, que utilizam combustíveis fósseis.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 25.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 25.5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -25.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(<span style="color: white; mso-themecolor: background1;">aaa</span>) A localização de uma
hidrelétrica é flexível, uma vez que são instaladas nos locais em que o perfil
dos rios apresenta acentuada ruptura da declividade.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 25.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 25.5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -25.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(<span style="color: white; mso-themecolor: background1;">aaa</span>) A instalação de uma
usina hidrelétrica causa impactos ambientais significativos, uma vez que a
construção da barragem/reservatório provoca o afogamento da cobertura vegetal.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As
afirmações são, na ordem apresentada, respectivamente, </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">V – V – V. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">F – V – V. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">V – F – V. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">V – V – F. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">F – F – V. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">5.
(Unioeste 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Transformações importantes vêm ocorrendo na
geopolítica do petróleo global, não somente em decorrência da guerra na
Ucrânia, como também pelos novos papeis assumidos por países do continente
americano. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considerando
esse contexto, assinale a alternativa CORRETA. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Em 1960 foi criada a Organização dos Países Exportadores de Petróleo
(OPEP). A organização tem o poder de restringir a oferta global de petróleo,
tendo grande influência nos preços praticados. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A Venezuela, embora tenha as maiores reservas de petróleo do mundo,
sofre com as sanções impostas pelo seu principal cliente: a Rússia. Além disso,
a guerra na Ucrânia e o embargo ao petróleo e gás russos pelo governo
norte-americano inibem o crescimento da exportação do petróleo venezuelano. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Privatizações e desestatizações são tendências dominantes na política de
grandes produtores de hidrocarbonetos na América Latina, como a Venezuela (de
Nicolás Maduro), o México (de Andrés López Obrador) e a Bolívia (de Luis Arce).
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Nas duas últimas décadas, o Brasil tem se destacado no setor de
hidrocarbonetos: inseriu-se na Organização dos Países Exportadores de Petróleo
(OPEP) e se tornou o segundo maior produtor de petróleo das Américas.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O continente americano continua a ter dificuldades para se tornar um
grande produtor de petróleo: o Brasil não consegue desenvolver a exploração
eficiente do pré-sal; os Estados Unidos são o maior consumidor de petróleo do
mundo, porém não estão entre seus principais produtores; o Canadá, mesmo sendo
um dos países mais extensos do mundo, conta com poucas reservas no seu vasto
território congelado. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">6.
(Unesp 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Entre 1973 e 1978, as receitas anuais do petróleo
nos principais produtores árabes cresceram enormemente: na Arábia Saudita, de
4,35 bilhões para 36 bilhões de dólares; no Kuwait, de 1,7 bilhão para 9,2
bilhões; no Iraque, de 1,8 bilhão para 23,6 bilhões; na Líbia, de 2,2 bilhões
para 8,8 bilhões. Alguns outros produtores também aumentaram muito sua
produção, em particular Qatar, Abu Dhabi e Dubai. O controle dos produtores
sobre seus recursos também se expandiu. Em 1980, todos os principais Estados
produtores tinham ou nacionalizado a produção de petróleo ou adquirido uma
maior participação nas empresas operadoras, embora as grandes empresas multinacionais
ainda tivessem uma posição forte no transporte e na venda.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Albert H. Hourani. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Uma história
dos povos árabes</i>, 1994. Adaptado.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
expansão da produção petrolífera no mundo árabe <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">reforçou o nacionalismo, estimulado pelo orgulho das populações com a
riqueza súbita e o protagonismo de alguns Estados da região no cenário político
e econômico mundial. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">acentuou a dependência mútua entre fornecedores e compradores, pois os
primeiros concentraram os esforços na exportação e os segundos dependiam do
acesso ao petróleo para o funcionamento de suas indústrias. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">gerou uma reorientação diplomática e ideológica na região, pois os
vínculos comerciais com a União Soviética reforçavam a posição política dos
grupos de esquerda no Oriente Médio. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">levou à dissolução da Organização dos Países Exportadores de Petróleo,
gerando uma guerra de preços entre os Estados produtores e o aprofundamento das
políticas de controle dos níveis de produção. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">eliminou a interferência das Sete Irmãs, grupo de empresas ocidentais
que controlavam o mercado internacional petrolífero, que passou a ser regido em
função dos interesses dos produtores. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">7.
(Unesp 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Nas atividades cotidianas de indústrias, de
empresas ou de pessoas em suas residências, o empenho pelo aumento da
eficiência energética pode contribuir para <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">reestruturar sistemas de produção e reduzir as possibilidades de as
sociedades usufruírem de seus bens. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ampliar a dependência global por petróleo e redesenhar as alianças
políticas alinhadas ao seu consumo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">contornar o déficit global por energia e redistribuir os recursos entre
os países de maneira igualitária. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">valorizar a oferta de fontes renováveis e extinguir gastos com subsídios
públicos ao setor energético. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">otimizar os recursos energéticos e reduzir os impactos ambientais
relacionados à sua produção. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">8. (Fgvrj 2020) </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Analise os gráficos a seguir.</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmiu7a3_9M07dgx0Adeh-5n6OpZfAJq7ifwb_LANb9gkRdvPSIEPkbb7ArRhB4lzkaUkL6pgcgS8716CSH-NLEo_u6H3HVqdXS4TaOKpGzloxhMPKr27evKm7NiL2pY30CeOXrb_W_DDfR6pzNipz4GoAL5ttTncZz83uUSce4JXsxrvQE2JLzN-wSxA/s1259/8.%20Brasil%20-%20matriz%20energ%C3%A9tica%20(1970-2030).png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1259" data-original-width="494" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmiu7a3_9M07dgx0Adeh-5n6OpZfAJq7ifwb_LANb9gkRdvPSIEPkbb7ArRhB4lzkaUkL6pgcgS8716CSH-NLEo_u6H3HVqdXS4TaOKpGzloxhMPKr27evKm7NiL2pY30CeOXrb_W_DDfR6pzNipz4GoAL5ttTncZz83uUSce4JXsxrvQE2JLzN-wSxA/s16000/8.%20Brasil%20-%20matriz%20energ%C3%A9tica%20(1970-2030).png" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sobre
as mudanças observadas na matriz energética brasileira, no período 1970/2030,
assinale a afirmação correta. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A energia nuclear mostra um aumento significativo, apesar dos elevados
custos de instalação e dos danos ambientais da sua geração e transmissão. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A participação da lenha e do carvão vegetal é crescente devido à
construção de uma infraestrutura energética de característica intensiva. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os combustíveis fósseis aumentam sua participação devido à produção
interna e à queda de preços no mercado internacional. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As fontes renováveis passam a ter maior participação devido às políticas
ambientalistas de diminuição das emissões de gases de efeito estufa. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O gás natural amplia seu papel na matriz energética em função do setor
automotivo, cuja demanda superou a oferta das usinas termelétricas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">9.
(Ufpr 2020) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No dia 26 de abril de 1986, à 1h23min58s, uma série
de explosões destruiu o reator e o prédio do quarto bloco da Central Elétrica
Atômica de Tchernóbil, na fronteira de Belarus. A catástrofe de Tchernóbil se
converteu no mais grave acidente tecnológico do século XX. Para a pequena
Belarus, o acidente representou uma desgraça nacional, levando-se em conta que
ali não havia nenhuma central atômica.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Adaptado
de Svetlana Aleksiévitch, <i>Vozes de Tchernóbil</i>, p. 9-10.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 6pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O evento ocorrido em Tchernóbil atesta e reforça incertezas, problemas e
incongruências acerca do uso da energia nuclear. A esse respeito, assinale a
alternativa correta. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Dado seu uso recente no Brasil, não há registro de acidentes com
substâncias radiativas no país, seja no âmbito da produção de energia, seja no
uso em equipamentos radiológicos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O domínio tecnológico para a geração de energia nuclear pode
possibilitar a produção de armas nucleares, razão pela qual os Estados Unidos
exercem uma forte pressão sobre o projeto nuclear do Irã. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A construção de novas usinas nucleares no Brasil encontra-se restrita,
dada sua dependência tecnológica em relação ao enriquecimento do urânio. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A reduzida participação da energia nuclear na matriz energética japonesa
é decorrente da preocupação quanto à capacidade de as usinas suportarem
atividades sísmicas no país. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O acidente de Tchernóbil influenciou a opinião pública acerca da
aceitação da energia nuclear, repercutindo na queda de sua produção nos países
industrializados. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">10.
(Uece 2020) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“O carvão é uma rocha sedimentar combustível,
formada a partir do soterramento e compactação de uma massa vegetal em ambiente
anaeróbico, em bacias originalmente pouco profundas. [...] À medida que a
matéria orgânica vegetal é soterrada, inicia-se o processo de sua transformação
em carvão, devido principalmente ao aumento de pressão e temperatura aliados à
tectônica.” </span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Taioli, F. <i>Recursos Energéticos. Decifrando a Terra</i>. Teixeira, W.
et al. São Paulo. Oficina de Textos. 2000.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
carvão mineral é utilizado como recurso energético há milênios, contudo, sua
exploração e utilização apresentam algumas particularidades como o(a)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">facilidade de exploração e de tratamento dos rejeitos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">seu significativo potencial poluidor. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">baixo impacto ambiental decorrente do seu uso.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">possibilidade de alcalinização dos recursos hídricos.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.portaldovestibulando.com/2023/01/geografia-economica-fontes-de-energia_27.html" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="55" data-original-width="266" height="55" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhH5BJKaxgnVbyrbVeD6k9QpN1tSwGjxCigHOW2TlnjcZKTmKtcL_EAQ8i3T4zPt28qLuv0PxxaI_cvcBLrLYzIQQxI3NZUWcvji0j8kCW_2f0iYys2aEXKR-klfbvzGc2lr-DKG5wpXTmtK8ruJyyLAgFAv4Ff-mLo6udji3ARus9dVihAzmvYDmGH-Q/s1600/Gabarito.png" width="266" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/file/n3w5scka8m9syg4/Geografia+-+Fontes+de+Energia+-+Lista+de+Exercícios.pdf/file" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmzm9LB4amC9XMumGGmsu-BBpr62EBTl0orwn2vc3ynn9srhaA--X5eLpTWs939xNAJDo658XBYZxyJi_AXYTSOz5PE1Stwy28DMSfvah6fUwvAiBMk-oB6IZ7_Uba84J4m7K-RSRsRTBeAF7p2AcL9Ms87qjY3W_Fu-S0eO6sbGCdWrR5Y5kmLBf-sQ/s1600/Lista%20de%20exerc%C3%ADcios.png" width="275" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p>Portal do Vestibulandohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03466686065222700679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5538522159417475835.post-64969786597564692862023-01-22T22:41:00.005-04:002023-01-22T22:44:30.233-04:00Diversidade Cultural e Estratificação Social: Identidade e Geração (Crianças, Jovens, Adultos e Idosos) - Lista de Exercícios - Simulado<p> </p><p>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">1. (Uece 2022) </span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Por volta dos anos 1970, a partir de
suas pesquisas, o cientista político norte-americano Ronald Inglehart apontou que,
nos países mais desenvolvidos economicamente, as pessoas mais jovens, diferente
dos mais velhos, não valorizavam mais questões como melhores sala</span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">́rios e carreira</span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> estável, mas sim causas como a defesa do meio- ambiente, os direitos
dos animais, mais igualdade entre os gêneros. Para Inglehart, então, os mais
jovens desses países desenvolvidos </span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">estavam
estimando valores pós-materialistas, isto é, valores que n</span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ão estavam diretamente ligados às
preocupações materiais da vida.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Partindo
do exposto, assinale a afirmação verdadeira. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Na medida em que o Estado garante o mínimo de
bem-estar social, as pessoas mais jovens se preocupam mais com empregos e bons
salários.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os mais velhos, nos países ricos, se preocupam,
cada vez mais, com a qualidade de vida, incluindo preservação do meio ambiente
e da vida animal.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Quanto mais os países se desenvolvem, maior é a
priorização, pelos indivíduos, de valores pós-materialistas.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As pessoas que vivem em países de muita miséria e
pauperismo começam a se interessar por valores pós-materialistas como a
sobrevivência diária.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">2. (Uece 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No
Brasil, para as legislações vigentes, o adolescente é definido pela faixa etária
entre 12 a 17 anos. Para a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) uma pessoa jovem
é o indivíduo que se encontra em outro parâmetro etário: de 15 a 29 anos de
idade. De modo geral, a juventude tem como parâmetro oficial questões que
apontam para uma determinada fase de maturação biológica dos seres humanos.
Mas, para as ciências sociais como a Sociologia, o significado de “ser jovem”
está ligado principalmente a questões socioculturais e se modifica de acordo
com outros condicionamentos sociológicos como o de classe social, gênero e
raça, por exemplo. Assim, para além de um fato biológico da maturação corporal,
“ser jovem”, em síntese, para as ciências sociais, não significa seguir
determinados padrões de conduta nas sociedades contemporâneas, mas é algo marcado
por diversas variáveis.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No que diz respeito à definição de juventude na
perspectiva sociológica, assinale a afirmação verdadeira. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A juventude é uma simbolização sobre um estágio natural de
desenvolvimento orgânico e, a partir daí, pode ser definida por aspectos
culturais e sociais.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">A juventude é uma fase da vida em que a transgressão e a rebeldia aos
padrões conservadores e tradicionais identificam todos que se consideram
jovens. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">A adolescência e o “ser jovem” estão ligados a grupos geracionais mais
novos e que se contrapõem às gerações mais velhas em todas as sociedades.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;">O fato de “ser jovem” está fundado em uma fase em que pesam as
obrigações da vida adulta diante da moderação de uma vida com diversão e
prazeres. </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;"> </span></p><p></p><p>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">3.
(Unicamp 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Como justificar que somos uma humanidade, se mais
de 70% estão totalmente alienados do mínimo exercício de ser? A modernização
jogou essa gente do campo e da floresta para viver em favelas e em periferias,
para virar mão de obra em centros urbanos. Essas pessoas foram arrancadas de
seus coletivos, de seus lugares de origem, e jogadas nesse liquidificador
chamado humanidade. Se as pessoas não tiverem vínculos profundos com sua
memória ancestral, com as referências que dão sustentação a uma identidade, vão
ficar loucas neste mundo maluco que compartilhamos.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Adaptado de Ailton Krenak, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ideias
para adiar o fim do mundo</i>. Apple Books, 2018, p. 10.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Com
base no texto e em seus conhecimentos, assinale a alternativa que apresenta
corretamente os conceitos de “alienação” e “identidade”, respectivamente, <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">dissociação dos seres humanos de algum aspecto essencial de sua
natureza; interações coletivas construídas sobre heranças espaciais e
temporalidades vividas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">associação dos seres humanos com a natureza fundamental das sociedades;
enraizamentos em espaços e temporalidades herdados que constroem nexos
coletivos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">falta de controle sobre processos sociais capitais para a vida das
pessoas; apagamento dos tempos e temporalidades precedentes como forma de
vínculo coletivo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">consciência e controle plenos das transformações nas relações sociais;
estranhamento com relação aos espaços herdados e projetos de futuro das
coletividades. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">4.
(Enem (Libras) 2017) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os guaranis encontram-se hoje
distribuídos pela Bolívia, Paraguai, Uruguai, Brasil e Argentina. A condição de
guarani remete diretamente para a ideia de pertencimento e para as relações de
parentesco. Daí a importância da concepção de território como espaço de
comunicação. Eles têm parentes nos diversos países e seguem se visitando
regularmente. Os guaranis seguem com noções e conceitos próprios de fronteira,
uma ideia mais sociológica e ideológica, que inclui, exclui e define quem
pertence e quem não pertence a determinado grupo social.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O dilema
das fronteiras na trajetória guarani</span></i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">. Entrevista especial
com Antônio Brand. Disponível em: www.ihuonline.unisinos.br. Acesso em: 15 ago.
2013 (adaptado).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">De
acordo com o texto, o processo de demarcação das terras reivindicadas por esse
povo enfrenta como dificuldade o(a) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">valor de desapropriação das áreas legalizadas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">engajamento de jovens na luta pela reforma agrária.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">escassez de zonas cultiváveis nas regiões contíguas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">tensão entre identidade coletiva e normatizações das nações
limítrofes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">contradição entre sustento extrativista e desmatamento das florestas
tropicais.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">5.
(Unicamp 2021)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipwGAfVskULE6A979rnRsnUcwETfB_FSOR1RGKo_eD8LpzISo32tJJhZ1jpykqbEb9eWN4c9gMbAESvU6YHEPJd132S8GXOKHB4KbcaKwhhas_oRA_tsL_vpgJq_HEcctEx10pcecd_0rEEcP9AloAeDxMXnmudZ6fl9a3xu8ga9cadKiBeqNSrfzMfw/s900/5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="551" data-original-width="900" height="382" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipwGAfVskULE6A979rnRsnUcwETfB_FSOR1RGKo_eD8LpzISo32tJJhZ1jpykqbEb9eWN4c9gMbAESvU6YHEPJd132S8GXOKHB4KbcaKwhhas_oRA_tsL_vpgJq_HEcctEx10pcecd_0rEEcP9AloAeDxMXnmudZ6fl9a3xu8ga9cadKiBeqNSrfzMfw/w625-h382/5.png" width="625" /></a></span></span></b></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
partir do registro fotográfico da derrubada da estátua de Cristóvão Colombo em
Saint Paul, Minnesota, Estados Unidos, em junho de 2020, e de seus
conhecimentos sobre as relações entre presente e passado, assinale a
alternativa correta. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O progresso histórico demonstra que as estátuas do passado perdem os
seus significados no presente, justificando sua derrubada dos espaços públicos.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As estátuas e os monumentos medeiam formas de lembrar o passado e de
compreender o presente, e seus significados são sempre suscetíveis a disputas
políticas e sociais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As estátuas e os monumentos testemunham modos de viver e conceber o
mundo no passado, portanto são alheios à ideologia e às disputas políticas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As estátuas e os monumentos do passado são veículos neutros em termos
ideológicos e políticos, por isso devem ser preservados e protegidos de
vandalismo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">6.
(Enem PPL 2020) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Uma civilização é a entidade cultural mais ampla.
As aldeias, as regiões, as etnias, as nacionalidades, os segmentos religiosos,
todos têm culturas distintas em diferentes níveis de heterogeneidade cultural.
A cultura de um vilarejo no sul da Itália pode ser diferente da de um vilarejo
no norte da Itália, mas ambos compartilharam uma cultura italiana comum que os
distingue de vilarejos alemães. As comunidades europeias, por sua vez,
compartilharão aspectos culturais que as distinguem das comunidades chinesas ou
hindus.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">HUNTINGTON, S. P. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">O choque de
civilizações</i>. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva,1997.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">De
acordo com esse entendimento, a civilização é uma construção cultural que se
baseia na <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">atemporalidade dos valores universais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">globalização do mundo contemporâneo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">fragmentação das ações políticas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">centralização do poder estatal. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">identidade dos grupos sociais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">7.
(Enem 2017) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Elaborada em 1969, a releitura contida na Figura 2
revela aspectos de uma trajetória e obra dedicada à</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><b><br /></b></span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkp5aRakvURVWFb1NwIWf65Bo7ph5iM_1JjUSgiB73_A50n5ii0NyMBndD88TLBfiGW0d22deUqWzJ-Mdp9hWgRhEgfY0EPzQQPtW6bmUWhnlSgklm-wD-8cLQlDmeERN_9a5BKpueuEHdo0kNtrnstlvtdrkowkz5_AqS_f2LhzQbHdb20zund-P3iA/s698/7..png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="698" data-original-width="494" height="624" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkp5aRakvURVWFb1NwIWf65Bo7ph5iM_1JjUSgiB73_A50n5ii0NyMBndD88TLBfiGW0d22deUqWzJ-Mdp9hWgRhEgfY0EPzQQPtW6bmUWhnlSgklm-wD-8cLQlDmeERN_9a5BKpueuEHdo0kNtrnstlvtdrkowkz5_AqS_f2LhzQbHdb20zund-P3iA/w441-h624/7..png" width="441" /></a></span></b></div><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">valorização de uma representação tradicional da mulher.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">descaracterização de referências do folclore nordestino. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">fusão de elementos brasileiros à moda da Europa.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">massificação do consumo de uma arte local.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">criação de uma estética de resistência.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">8.
(Enem (Libras) 2017) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Para a Organização das Nações
Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura (Unesco), é importante promover e
proteger monumentos, sítios históricos e paisagens culturais. Mas não só de
aspectos físicos se constitui a cultura de um povo. As tradições, o folclore,
os saberes, as línguas, as festas e diversos outros aspectos e manifestações devem
ser levados em consideração. Os afro-brasileiros contribuíram e ainda
contribuem fortemente na formação do patrimônio imaterial do Brasil, que
concentra o segundo contingente de população negra do mundo, ficando atrás
apenas da Nigéria.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">MENEZES,
S. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">A força da cultura negra</span></i>: Iphan reconhece manifestações como
patrimônio imaterial. Disponível em: www.ipea.gov.br. Acesso em: 29 set. 2015.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considerando
a abordagem do texto, os bens imateriais enfatizam a importância das
representações culturais para a </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">construção da identidade nacional. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">elaboração do sentimento religioso.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">dicotomia do conhecimento prático.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">reprodução do trabalho coletivo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">reprodução do saber tradicional.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">9.
(Uece 2019) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sob o ponto de vista da Sociologia, a juventude não
é homogênea, é plural, pois os grupos juvenis da sociedade se distinguem tanto
pelas desigualdades sociais, de raça e de gênero quanto pela diferenciação
cultural.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">De
acordo com a proposição acima, é correto afirmar que </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a juventude é definida como um segmento social que partilha uma mesma
faixa de idade e expectativas de vida semelhantes. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">juventude é o momento de entrar no mercado de trabalho para garantir o
futuro, pois é logo cedo que se aprende uma profissão. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">os jovens, na sociedade atual, configuram o futuro do Brasil e todos têm
igualdade de oportunidades na sociedade, dependendo apenas do esforço
individual para alcançar sucesso na vida. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">não se pode falar em juventude, mas em juventudes, devido à diversidade
e pluralidade de situações que definem o lugar e a pertença dos jovens na
sociedade. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">10.
(Enem PPL 2017) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">TEXTO I</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Frantz Fanon
publicou pela primeira vez, em 1952, seu estudo sobre colonialismo e racismo, <i>Pele
negra, máscaras brancas</i>. Ao dizer que “para o negro, há somente um destino”
e que esse destino é branco, Fanon revelou que as aspirações de muitos povos
colonizados foram formadas pelo pensamento colonial predominante.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">BUCKINGHAM,
W. et al. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">O livro da filosofia</i>. São
Paulo: Globo, 2011 (adaptado).</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">TEXTO
II<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Mesmo que não
queiramos cobrar desses estabelecimentos (salões de beleza) uma eficácia
política nos moldes tradicionais da militância, uma vez que são
estabelecimentos comerciais e não entidades do movimento negro, o fato é que,
ao se autodenominarem “étnicos” e se apregoarem como divulgadores de uma
autoimagem positiva do negro em uma sociedade racista, os salões se colocam no
cerne de uma luta política e ideológica.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">GOMES,
N.<b> </b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Corpo e cabelo como símbolos da identidade negra</span></i>. Disponível
em: www.rizoma.ufsc.br. Acesso em: 13 fev. 2013.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os
textos apresentam uma mudança relevante na constituição identitária frente à
discriminação racial. No Brasil, o desdobramento dessa mudança revela o(a) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">valorização de traços culturais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">utilização de resistência violenta. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">fortalecimento da organização partidária.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">enfraquecimento dos vínculos comunitários.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">aceitação de estruturas de submissão social.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">11.
(Enem PPL 2019) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Quanto mais a vida social se torna mediada pelo
mercado global de estilos, lugares e imagens, pelas viagens internacionais,
pelas imagens da mídia e pelos sistemas de comunicação interligados, mais as <i>identidades
</i>se tornam desvinculadas – desalojadas – de tempos, lugares, histórias e
tradições específicos e parecem “flutuar livremente”. Somos confrontados por
uma gama de diferentes identidades (cada qual nos fazendo apelos, ou melhor,
fazendo apelos a diferentes partes de nós), dentre as quais parece possível
fazer uma escolha.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">HALL,
S. <i>A identidade cultural na pós-modernidade</i>. Rio de Janeiro: DP&A,
2006.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Do
ponto de vista conceitual, a transformação identitária descrita resulta na
constituição de um sujeito </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">altruísta. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">dependente. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">nacionalista. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">multifacetado. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">territorializado. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">12.
(Enem PPL 2019) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As crianças devem saudar as pessoas distintas, os
professores e senhoras conhecidas que encontrarem, que elas não se negarão a
corresponder. Não devem empurrar ninguém nem cortar o passo dos transeuntes.
Não escrever nas paredes e portas coisa alguma. Nunca atirar pedras. Não atirar
cascas de frutas no chão, o que pode ser motivo de desastres gravíssimos. Nunca
fitar de propósito os olhos sobre pessoas aleijadas ou rir-se de algum defeito
físico do próximo.</span></b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
Imprensa</span></i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">, n. 67, 27 abr. 1914.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
discurso sobre a infância, veiculado pelo jornal no início do século XX, visava
a promoção de </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">formas litúrgicas de interação. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">valores abstratos de cidadania. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">normas sociomorais de civilidade. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">concepções arcaicas de disciplina. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">conceitos importados de pedagogia. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">13. (Enem 2018) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Em
algumas línguas de Moçambique não existe a palavra “pobre”. O indivíduo é pobre
quando não tem parentes. A pobreza é a solidão, a ruptura das relações
familiares que, na sociedade rural, servem de apoio à sobrevivência. Os
consultores internacionais, especialistas em elaborar relatórios sobre a
miséria, talvez não tenham em conta o impacto dramático da destruição dos laços
familiares e das relações de entreajuda. Nações inteiras estão tornando-se
“órfãs”, e a mendicidade parece ser a única via de uma agonizante
sobrevivência. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">COUTO, M. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">E
se Obama fosse africano?</i> & outras intervenções. Portugal: Caminho, 2009
(adaptado).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Em uma leitura que extrapola a esfera econômica, o
autor associa o acirramento da pobreza à </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">afirmação das origens ancestrais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">fragilização das redes de sociabilidade.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">padronização das políticas educacionais.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">fragmentação das propriedades agrícolas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">globalização das tecnologias de comunicação.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">14.
(Enem PPL 2018) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Apesar da grande distância geográfica em relação ao
território japonês, os <i>otakus </i>(jovens aficionados em cultura <i>pop </i>japonesa)
brasileiros vinculam-se socialmente hoje em eventos e a partir de uma
circulação intensa de mangás, <i>animes</i>, <i>games</i>, fanzines, <i>j-music
</i>(música <i>pop </i>japonesa). O consumo em escala mundial dos produtos<i> </i>da
cultura <i>pop </i>– enfaticamente midiática – produzida no Japão constitui um
momento histórico em que se aponta a ambivalência sobre o que significa a
produção midiática e cultural quando percebida no próprio país e como a
percepção de tal produção se transforma radicalmente nos olhares de
consumidores estrangeiros.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">GUSHIKEN, Y.; HIRATA, T. Processos de consumo cultural e midiático:
imagens dos <i>otakus</i>, do Japão ao mundo. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Intercom – RBCC</span></i>, n.
2, jul-dez. 2014 (adaptado).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considerando
a relação entre meios de comunicação e formação de identidades tal como é abordada
no texto, a noção que explica este fenômeno na atualidade é a de </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">tribalismo das culturas juvenis. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">alienação das novas gerações. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">hierarquização das matrizes culturais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">passividade das relações de consumo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">deterioração das referências nacionais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">15.
(Unesp 2018) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Texto 1</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Victor Frankl
descrevia o fanático por dois traços essenciais: a absorção da própria
individualidade na ideologia coletiva e o desprezo pela individualidade alheia.
“Individualidade” é a combinação singular de fatores que faz de cada ser humano
um exemplar único e insubstituível. O que o fanático nega aos demais seres
humanos é o direito de definir-se nos seus próprios termos. Só valem os termos
dele. Para ele, em suma, você não existe como indivíduo real e independente. Só
existe como tipo: “amigo” ou “inimigo”. Uma vez definido como “inimigo”, você
se torna, para todos os fins, idêntico e indiscernível de todos os demais
“inimigos”, por mais estranhos e repelentes que você próprio os julgue.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Olavo
de Carvalho. <i>O mínimo que você precisa saber para não ser um idiota</i>,
2013. Adaptado.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 6pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Texto
2</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">É necessário
questionar a função de amparo identitário de todas as formas de organização de
massas – partidos, igrejas, sindicatos – independente de seu objetivo político
manifesto, de esquerda ou de direita. Não é descabido supor que qualquer
organização de massas tenha o potencial de favorecer em seus membros a adesão à
identidade de vítimas, sendo um sério obstáculo à luta pela autonomia e pela
liberdade de seus membros.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Maria
Rita Kehl. <i>Ressentimento</i>, 2015. Adaptado.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os
dois textos <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">apresentam argumentos favoráveis a ideias e comportamentos totalitários
no campo da política. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">defendem a importância de diferenças claras entre amigos e inimigos no
campo da política. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">sustentam que a união dos oprimidos em organizações de massa é mais
importante que a individualidade. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">utilizam os conceitos de fanatismo e de identidade coletiva para
questionar o irracionalismo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">concordam que o pertencimento ideológico de direita é critério exclusivo
para definir o fanatismo político. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">16. (Unisc 2016) Carole Vance no
texto Antropologia<i> (Re)descobre a Sexualidade </i>afirma que as abordagens
construtivistas: [...] partilham a necessidade de problematizar os termos e o
campo de estudos — no mínimo, todas as abordagens adotam a visão de que atos
sexuais fisicamente idênticos podem ter importância social e significado
subjetivo variáveis, dependendo de como são definidos e compreendidos em
diferentes culturas e períodos históricos. Assim como um ato sexual não traz em
si um significado social universal, a relação entre atos sexuais e significados
sexuais também não é fixa, o que torna sua transposição a partir da época e do
local do observador um grande risco. Na verdade, as culturas geram categorias,
esquemas e rótulos diferentes para estruturar as experiências sexuais e
afetivas. Essas construções não só influenciam a subjetividade e o
comportamento individual, mas também organizam e dão significado à experiência
sexual coletiva através, por exemplo, do impacto das identidades, definições,
ideologias e regulações sexuais.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">VANCE, Carole. <i>A Antropologia
(Re)descobre a Sexualidade. </i>Revista <i>Physis</i>, Rio de
Janeiro, v. 5, n. 1, 1995, p. 7-32.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Com base no trecho leia as afirmativas
a seguir:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I. As definições de sexualidade são extensivas a
toda a história e a todas as culturas porque os significados atribuídos à
sexualidade são fixos e universais.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II. A existência de atos sexuais idênticos indica
que o peso da cultura na influência dos comportamentos e das subjetividades é
limitado porque há algo inato que condiciona a organização da expressão da
sexualidade.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III. Os significados sobre a sexualidade variam em
contextos históricos e culturais, pois os grupos sociais produzem categorias,
esquemas e rótulos diferentes para estruturar as experiências sexuais e
afetivas.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale a alternativa correta.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) Somente a afirmativa III está correta.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) Somente as afirmativas I e II estão corretas.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Somente as afirmativas I e III estão corretas.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Somente as afirmativas II e III estão corretas.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) Todas as afirmativas estão corretas. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">17. (Enem 2015) Na sociedade contemporânea,
onde as relações sociais tendem a reger-se por imagens midiáticas, a imagem de
um indivíduo, principalmente na indústria do espetáculo, pode agregar valor
econômico na medida de seu incremento técnico: amplitude do espelhamento e da
atenção pública. Aparecer é então mais do que ser; o sujeito é famoso porque é
falado. Nesse âmbito, a lógica circulatória do mercado, ao mesmo tempo que
acena democraticamente para as massas com os supostos “ganhos distributivos” (a
informação ilimitada, a quebra das supostas hierarquias culturais), afeta a
velha cultura disseminada na esfera pública. A participação nas redes sociais,
a obsessão dos <i>selfies</i>, tanto falar e ser falado quanto ser visto
são índices do desejo de “espelhamento”.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">SODRÉ, M. Disponível em:
http://alias.estadao.com.br. Acesso em: 9 fev. 2015 (adaptado).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A crítica contida no texto sobre a
sociedade contemporânea enfatiza</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) a prática identitária autorreferente.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) a dinâmica política democratizante. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) a produção instantânea de notícias. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) os processos difusores de informações.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) os mecanismos de convergência tecnológica. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">18. (Uel 2015) <i>A sociedade, com
sua regularidade, não é nada externa aos indivíduos; tampouco é simplesmente um
“objeto oposto” ao indivíduo; ela é aquilo que todo indivíduo quer dizer quando
diz “nós”. Mas esse “nós” não passa a existir porque um grande número de
pessoas isoladas que dizem “eu” a si mesmas posteriormente se une e resolve
formar uma associação. As funções e as relações interpessoais que expressamos
com partículas gramaticais como “eu”, “você”, “ele” e “ela”, “nós” e “eles” são
interdependentes. Nenhuma delas existe sem as outras e a função do “nós” inclui
todas as demais. Comparado àquilo a que ela se refere, tudo o que podemos
chamar “eu”, ou até “você”, é apenas parte.</i></span></b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ELIAS, N. A <i>Sociedade dos
Indivíduos</i>. Rio de Janeiro: Jorge Zahar, 1994. p.57.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O modo como as diferentes perspectivas
teóricas tratam da noção de identidade vincula-se à clássica preocupação das
Ciências Sociais com a questão da relação entre indivíduo e sociedade.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Com base no texto e nos conhecimentos
da sociologia histórica, de Norbert Elias, assinale a alternativa que
apresenta, corretamente, a noção de origem do indivíduo e da sociedade.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) O indivíduo forma-se em seu “eu” interior e
todos os outros são externos a ele, seguindo cada um deles o seu caminho
autonomamente. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) A origem do indivíduo encontra-se na
racionalidade, conforme a perspectiva cartesiana, segundo a qual “penso, logo
existo”. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) A sociedade origina-se do resultado diretamente
perceptível das concepções, planejamentos e criações do somatório de indivíduos
ou organismos. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) A sociedade forma-se a partir da livre decisão
de muitos indivíduos, quando racional e deliberadamente decide-se pela
elaboração de um contrato social. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) A sociedade é formada por redes de funções que
as pessoas desempenham umas em relação às outras por meio de sucessivos elos. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">19. (Uel 2013) <i>Não é de hoje que ser
“moderno” e “antenado” é ser diferente. Toda geração tem seu grupo tentando
criar uma identidade própria, de preferência distante dos padrões que a
sociedade considera normais, mas muito do que pregam tem um pé nos anos 70. No
Brasil, uma das tendências é a ecovila, espécie de comunidade baseada na
produção de alimentos orgânicos, no uso de energia renovável e na preservação
do ambiente. Outra moda é a volta dos discos de vinil (por exemplo, LPs) e a
cultura do faça você mesmo, como a produção caseira de cervejas.</i></span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Adaptado de: PRADO, A. C.; HUECK, K. A
Volta dos Hippies. Super Interessante, 296.ed., São Paulo: Editora Abril, out.
2011, p.77-79.)</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 8pt;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Com base no texto e nos conhecimentos
sobre juventude e sociedade contemporânea, assinale a alternativa
correta. </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) A cultura do “faça você mesmo”, por ser contra a
exploração social, pauta-se pela recusa em utilizar produtos
industrializados. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) A retomada de práticas artesanais e criativas de
sociabilidade é um dos fatores da redução da criminalidade juvenil no
Brasil. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Entre os jovens de hoje, as identidades têm se
constituído, predominantemente, a partir de elementos reconhecidos como
culturais. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Inspirados nos hippies dos anos 1970, os jovens
de hoje forçam o capitalismo a retornar a seu período artesanal. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) O retorno aos referenciais setentistas
justifica-se por ter sido um período no qual os jovens cultivavam mais os
valores tradicionais. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">20. (Ufpa 2013) O Pará é o estado
brasileiro que apresenta o maior número de terras quilombolas reconhecidas pelo
Estado. Em 1995, no município de Oriximiná, a comunidade de Boa Vista foi a
pioneira no país a receber título coletivo de suas terras. Para a concretização
deste direito, uma comunidade quilombola precisa comprovar que </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) dispõe de registros arqueológicos pelos quais se
confirme que a comunidade vive em terras que eram, anteriormente, um quilombo
de escravos negros fugidos da servidão. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) sua identidade étnica como remanescente de
quilombo é resultado de processos de resistência em relação aos grupos sociais
hegemônicos. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) tem origem biológica negra em toda a sua
população. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) sempre viveu isolada de outras comunidades por
longos períodos de tempo, o que possibilitou a identificação de seus membros
pela cor da pele. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) sua população mantém vivas as tradições
religiosas dos primeiros escravos africanos que habitaram o território
brasileiro. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">21. (Ucs 2012) A sociedade brasileira
obteve várias conquistas durante o período da redemocratização e, ao longo
desses anos, implantou mudanças positivas em relação à cidadania e aos direitos
civis dos brasileiros, porém [...] ainda há muito a ser melhorado. Apesar do
crescimento econômico e da diminuição do número de pessoas que vivem abaixo da
linha da pobreza nos últimos anos, as desigualdades sociais ainda são profundas
e estão entre os principais problemas enfrentados pela sociedade.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(PELLEGRINI, M. C. Novo olhar história.
São Paulo: FTD, 2010, p. 263, v. 3. – Texto adaptado.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considere as seguintes afirmações sobre
a sociedade brasileira.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I. Segundo pesquisas, pequena parte da população
brasileira detém a maior parte da riqueza nacional, enquanto os demais ficam
com a menor parcela.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II. A exploração da mão de obra infantil ocorre da
mesma forma em todas as regiões brasileiras. O menor trabalha em pedreiras, na
colheita de amendoim e em carvoarias, sendo seu trabalho trocado apenas por
arroz e farinha.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III. As crianças em situação de rua perambulam
pelas cidades, dormem sob pontes, viadutos ou marquises, alimentam-se mal e não
frequentam escolas. Vivem uma realidade que ressalta a brutalidade, a
violência, o desamparo, além do problema com a drogadição.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Das afirmações acima,</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;">a) apenas I está correta. <br />b) apenas II está correta. <br />c) apenas I e III estão corretas. <br />d) apenas II e III estão corretas. <br />e) I, II e III estão corretas. </span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">22. (Ueg 2012) “Não quero que a minha
casa seja cercada de muros por todos os lados, nem que minhas janelas sejam
tapadas. Quero que as culturas de todas as terras sejam sopradas para dentro de
minha casa, o mais livremente possível. Mas recuso-me a ser desapossado da
minha por qualquer outra.” </span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">GANDHI, M. Relatório do desenvolvimento
humano 2004. In: TERRA, Lygia; COELHO, Marcos de A. Geografia geral. São Paulo:
Moderna, 2005. p.137. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considerando-se as ideias pressupostas,
o texto </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) afirma que a globalização aumentou, de modo sem precedente,
os contatos e a união entre os povos e seus valores, reforçando o respeito às
diferenças socioculturais. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) critica a intolerância com relação a outras
culturas, gerando assim os conflitos comuns neste novo século. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) indica o reconhecimento à diversidade cultural,
além das necessidades de afirmação e de identidade, seja étnica, seja cultural,
seja religiosa. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) nega a existência da exclusão cultural e
ressalta a homogeneização mundial e a superação/eliminação de fronteiras
culturais. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">23. (Uem 2012) Considere o texto a
seguir e assinale o que for correto, a propósito de suas informações.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“O aumento da longevidade, o progresso
social e científico, as transformações na estrutura da família, a modernização
dos costumes acarretam transformações profundas na sociedade e no comportamento
das pessoas. À medida que a longevidade aumenta, mais etapas da vida poderão
ser vividas. Observe que a expectativa de vida dos brasileiros em 1950 era de
cerca de 50 anos, e atualmente é de 67 anos, devendo alcançar os 72 anos até os
anos de 2020.”<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(MASCARO, Sonia de Amorim. O que é
velhice. São Paulo: Brasiliense, 2004 – (Coleção Primeiros Passos), p. 67-68.)</span></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) O aumento da longevidade indica que a
expectativa de vida aumentou e que é preciso pensar nos idosos como sujeitos
que ocupam novas identidades sociais, que os distanciam das convencionais
representações criadas para os “velhos”. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) A ampliação da expectativa de vida entre os
brasileiros relaciona-se a uma determinação causal específica: a adoção de
hábitos alimentares mais saudáveis. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) As transformações na estrutura das famílias não
foram acompanhadas de mudanças nos papéis sociais destinados aos idosos, os
quais, dentro da instituição familiar, continuam sendo “vovós” e “vovôs”. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Um envelhecimento sadio, que pode levar o idoso
a participar de diversas etapas da vida, é condicionado por opções individuais
realizadas na juventude. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">24. (Unioeste 2012) Quando falamos em
identidade, logo pensamos em quem somos. A construção de identidades como: “ser
brasileiro”, “ser português”, “ser cigano”, “ser gremista”, “ser homem”, “ser
mulher” é um processo sociocultural pelo qual se marca as fronteiras de
pertencimento social e/ou cultural. Tendo por base o anúncio transcrito acima,
é correto afirmar que </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) as identidades são estáticas, é algo natural,
ela nos acompanha por toda a vida. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) as identidades são construídas nas relações
sociais, são situacionais, relacionais e constroem-se na relação entre o “nós”
e os “outros”, cria um nós coletivo. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) identidades surgem através de um determinismo
geográfico que molda o nosso modo de ser e agir. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) identidades são produtos de marketing e geram
vínculos entre os indivíduos. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) identidades são heranças genéticas. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">25. (Uel 2011) Leia o texto a seguir.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">De acordo com Susie Orbach, “Muitas
coisas feitas em nome da saúde geram dificuldades pessoais e psicológicas.
Olhar fotos de corpos que passaram por tratamento de imagem e achar que
correspondem à realidade cria problema de autoimagem, o que leva muitas
mulheres às mesas de cirurgia. Na geração das minhas filhas, há garotas que
gostam e outras que não gostam de seus corpos. Elas têm medo de comida e do que
a comida pode fazer aos seus corpos. Essa é a nova norma, mas isso não é
normal. Elas têm pânico de ter apetite e de atender aos seus desejos”.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: x-small;"><div style="text-align: right;">(Adaptado: “As mulheres estão famintas, mas têm medo da comida”, Folha de S. Paulo, São Paulo, 15 ago. 2010, Saúde.</div><div style="text-align: right;">Disponível em: <http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/saude/sd1508201001.htm>. Acesso em: 15 out. 2010).</div></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Com base no texto e nos conhecimentos
sobre o pensamento de Émile Durkheim, é correto afirmar: </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) O conflito geracional produz anomia social, dada
a incapacidade de os mais velhos compreenderem as aspirações dos mais
novos. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) Os padrões do que se considera saudável e belo
são exemplos de fato social e, portanto, são suscetíveis de exercer coerção
sobre o indivíduo. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Normas são prejudiciais ao desenvolvimento
social por criarem parâmetros e regras que institucionalizam o agir dos
indivíduos. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) A consciência coletiva é mais forte entre os
jovens, voltados que estão a princípios menos individualistas e egoístas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) A base para a formação de princípios morais e de
solidez das instituições são os desejos individuais, visto estes traduzirem o
que é melhor para a sociedade. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">26. (Uel 2011) Leia o texto a seguir.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“O primeiro beijo é sempre o último”.
Assim um informante define, com certa nostalgia, o surgimento de uma nova
rotina na prática de “ficar” entre os jovens ao longo da night. “Ficar” é
essencialmente beijar, beijar em série, beijar muito. O primeiro beijo, marcado
por algo absolutamente fugaz, registro imediato do tátil, desliga--se do que
outrora era ritual do enamoramento, prelúdio de uma trajetória sentimental.
[...] No campo do afeto e do exercício da sociabilidade, essa mesma noite
propicia comportamentos que revelam a transitoriedade, a seriação e o
deslocamento afetivo como um novo mecanismo de agrupamento dos jovens.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(ALMEIDA, M. I. M. de. “Guerreiros da
noite - cultura jovem e nomadismo urbano”. In: Ciência hoje, v. 34, n. 202, p.
28.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Com base no texto e nos conhecimentos
sobre a sociabilidade moderna, considere as afirmativas a seguir.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I. As práticas assinaladas entre os jovens
identificam-se ao que se definiu como pós-modernidade, isto é, relações
fluidas, marcadas pela instantaneidade e por rupturas contínuas com
referenciais pré-estabelecidos.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II. O comportamento dos jovens que optam pela
prática do “ficar” é diferente do estado anômico, analisado por Durkheim, na
medida em que as bases da existência social mantêm seu funcionamento normal.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III. A vida social moderna, ao individualizar os
sujeitos, eliminou a necessidade, entre os jovens, de participar de
agrupamentos identitários e de estabelecer vínculos sociais com outras pessoas.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">IV. A adoção da prática antissocial do “ficar” é
fruto de uma juventude sem valores morais, como família, tradição e propriedade
privada, presentes desde os primórdios da humanidade.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale a alternativa correta. </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) Somente as afirmativas I e II são
corretas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) Somente as afirmativas I e IV são corretas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Somente as afirmativas III e IV são
corretas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Somente as afirmativas I, II e III são
corretas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) Somente as afirmativas II, III e IV são
corretas. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">27. (Enem 2011) Um volume imenso de
pesquisas tem sido produzido para tentar avaliar os efeitos dos programas de
televisão. A maioria desses estudos diz respeito a crianças - o que é bastante
compreensível pela quantidade de tempo que elas passam em frente ao aparelho e
pelas possíveis implicações desse comportamento para a socialização. Dois dos
tópicos mais pesquisados são o impacto da televisão no âmbito do crime e da
violência e a natureza das notícias exibidas na televisão.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">GIDDENS, A. Sociologia. Porto Alegre:
Artmed, 2005.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O texto indica que existe uma
significava produção científica sobre os impactos socioculturais da televisão
na vida do ser humano. E as crianças, em particular, são as mais vulneráveis a
essas influências, porque </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) codificam informações transmitidas nos programas
infantis por meio da observação. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) adquirem conhecimentos variados que incentivam o
processo de interação social. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) interiorizam padrões de comportamento e papéis
sociais com menor visão crítica. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) observam formas de convivência social baseadas
na tolerância e no respeito. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) apreendem modelos de sociedade pautados na
observância das leis. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">28. (Uel 2011) No dia 16 de junho de
2010, o Senado brasileiro aprovou o Estatuto da Igualdade Racial.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os senadores [...] suprimiram do texto
o termo “fortalecer a identidade negra”, sob o argumento de que não existe no
país uma identidade negra [...]. “O que existe é uma identidade brasileira.
Apesar de existentes, o preconceito e a discriminação não serviram para impedir
a formação de uma sociedade plural, diversa e miscigenada”, defende o relatório
de Demóstenes Torres.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 7pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Folha.com. Cotidiano, 16 jun. 2010.
Disponível em: <http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/cotidiano/751897-sem-cotas-estatuto-da-igualdaderacial-e-aprovado-na-ccj-do-senado.shtml>.
Acesso em: 16 jun. 2010.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Com base no texto e nos conhecimentos
atuais sobre a questão da identidade, é correto afirmar: </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) A identidade nacional brasileira é fruto de um
processo histórico de realização da harmonia das relações sociais entre
diferentes raças/etnias, por meio da miscigenação. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) A ideia de identidade nacional é um recurso
discursivo desenraizado do terreno da cultura e da política, sendo sua base de
preocupação a realização de interesses individuais e privados. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Lutas identitárias são problemas típicos de
países coloniais e de tradição escravista, motivo da sua ausência em países
desenvolvidos como a Alemanha e a França. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Embora pautadas na ação coletiva, as lutas
identitárias, a exemplo dos partidos políticos, colocam em segundo plano o
indivíduo e suas demandas imediatas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) As identidades nacionais são construídas
socialmente, com base nas relações de força desenvolvidas entre os grupos, com
a tendência comum de eleger, como universais, as características dos
dominantes. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">29. (Ueg 2008) </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAFG0M1CLjMmGE-X_fnrH4P6pgktG1ooVA0NrUfQljQVuOwWfUi5ynlaqTFtvUR12JXHX4KOWeWk7VXsuzCcRlrSV-ingWz11UgXJ4cSxpNpkbc2LAOnmyUYd2DXohwlKow_oujItdKk2gwYrrZG48bi1jBSiqBl_633NbbrkwXrRkVQFBUY-MgqRcfg/s778/29.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="778" data-original-width="478" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAFG0M1CLjMmGE-X_fnrH4P6pgktG1ooVA0NrUfQljQVuOwWfUi5ynlaqTFtvUR12JXHX4KOWeWk7VXsuzCcRlrSV-ingWz11UgXJ4cSxpNpkbc2LAOnmyUYd2DXohwlKow_oujItdKk2gwYrrZG48bi1jBSiqBl_633NbbrkwXrRkVQFBUY-MgqRcfg/s16000/29.png" /></a></span></b></div><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><br /></span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><a href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2327980403783605222/122650379594315893"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><v:shape href="https://draft.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/2327980403783605222/122650379594315893" id="Imagem_x0020_2" o:button="t" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 417pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 256.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/profa/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.png">
</v:imagedata></v:fill></v:shape></span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A Filosofia e a Sociologia são
disciplinas que promovem uma reflexão crítica sobre os mais variados temas, particularmente
o da ideologia. Partindo de uma análise crítica e utilizando o conceito de
ideologia desenvolvido por Marx e outros pensadores, é correto afirmar que o
cartum</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) revela que, independentemente dos indivíduos e
das classes sociais, todos pertencemos ao povo brasileiro. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) mostra que, diante da televisão, todos os
brasileiros são iguais nesse momento. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) sugere que há um crescimento quantitativo dos
telespectadores com o passar do tempo. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) mostra que o discurso sobre “povo brasileiro” é
ideológico, falso, abole as divisões e desigualdades sociais. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">30. (Uel 2008) As relações amorosas,
após os anos de 1960/1980, tenderam a facilitar os contatos feitos e desfeitos
imediatamente, gerando uma gama de possibilidades de parceiros e experimentos de
prazer. Essa forma de contato amoroso tem sido denominada pelos jovens como
“ficar”. Assim, em uma festa pode-se “ficar” com vários parceiros ou durante um
tempo “ir ficando” em diferentes situações, sem que isso se configure em
compromisso, namoro ou outra modalidade institucional de relação. Os processos
sociais que provocaram as mudanças nas relações amorosas, bem como suas
consequências para o indivíduo e para a sociedade, têm sido problematizados por
vários cientistas sociais.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale a alternativa em que o texto
explica os sentidos das relações amorosas descritas acima. </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) “Hoje as artes de expressão não são as únicas
que se propõem às mulheres; muitas delas tentam atividades criadoras. A
situação da mulher predispõe-na a procurar uma salvação na literatura e na
arte. Vivendo à margem do mundo masculino, não o apreende em sua figura
universal e sim através de uma visão singular; ele é para ela, não um conjunto
de utensílios e conceitos e sim uma fonte de sensações e emoções; ela
interessa-se pelas qualidades das coisas no que têm de gratuito e secreto
[...]”. </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 7.5pt; text-align: right;">(BEAUVOIR, S. O segundo sexo. 5 ed. São
Paulo: Nova Fronteira, 1980. p. 473.) </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 7.5pt; text-align: right;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) “Hoje, no entanto, existe uma renovação, o que
significa dizer que os cientistas, quando chegam através do seu conhecimento a
esses problemas fundamentais, tentam por si próprios compreendê-los e fazem um
apelo à sua própria reflexão. Nos próximos anos, por exemplo, após as
experiências do Aspecto, a discussão sobre o espaço e sobre o tempo – problemas
filosóficos – vai ser retomada”. </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 8pt; text-align: right;">(MORIN, E. A inteligência da
complexidade. 2. ed. São Paulo: Peirópolis, 2000. p. 37.) </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 8pt; text-align: right;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) “Nova era demográfica de declínio populacional
não catastrófico pode estar alvorecendo. Fome, epidemias, enchentes, vulcões e
guerras cobraram seu preço no passado, mas que grandes populações não se
reproduzam por escolha individual é uma mudança histórica notável. Na Europa
Ocidental, esse padrão está se estabelecendo em tempos de paz, sob condições de
grande prosperidade, embora, sejam ainda visíveis oscilações conjunturais,
significativas na depressão escandinava do início dos anos de 1990.” </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 8pt; text-align: right;">(THERBORN, G. Sexo e poder. São Paulo:
Contexto, 2006. p. 446). </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) “É assim numa cultura consumista como a nossa,
que favorece o produto para o uso imediato, o prazer passageiro, a satisfação
instantânea, resultados que não exijam esforços prolongados, receitas testadas,
garantias de seguro total e devolução do dinheiro. A promessa de aprender a
arte de amar é a oferta (falsa, enganosa, mas que se deseja ardentemente que
seja verdadeira) de construir a ’experiência amorosa’ à semelhança de outras
mercadorias, que fascinam e seduzem exibindo todas essas características e
prometem desejo sem ansiedade, esforço sem suor e resultados sem esforço. </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 8pt; text-align: right;">(BAUMAN, Z. Amor líquido. Rio de
Janeiro: Zahar, 2004. p.21-22). </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) “Viver na grande metrópole significa enfrentar a
violência que ela produz, expande e exalta, no mesmo pacote em que gera e
acalenta as criações mais sublimes da cultura.[...] Nesse sentido, talvez a
primeira violência de que somos vítima, já no início do dia, é o jornalismo,
sempre muito sequioso de retratar e reportar, nos mínimos detalhes, o que de
mais contundente e chocante a humanidade produziu no dia anterior [...]”. </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 8pt; text-align: right;">(NAFFAH NETO, A. Violência e
ressentimento. </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 8pt; text-align: right;">In: CARDOSO, I. et al (Orgs). Utopia e
mal-estar na cultura. São Paulo: Hucitec, 1997. p. 99.)</span></p><br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.portaldovestibulando.com/2023/01/diversidade-cultural-e-estratificacao.html" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="55" data-original-width="266" height="55" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjccl5RdsGCAExpWeY-wcmHIsJyNZXieCUGA5OxlPnCpquOl0WmanCFZlppUNthOqMyGrGJoHnvFlT4JgXr2eciclnHfjEIlSBHaDBsWB10s9ULaelAYnAqWoZ1_WINVEIQoJClaeNJwcLDczFyp0mKrfZPu0AByWm7DZrinUlaUFlIB9EjzDiiBX4UAA/s1600/Gabarito.png" width="266" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/file/kvu6rw0f0ztyky6/Sociologia+-+Identidade+e+Gerações+-+Lista+de+Exercícios.pdf/file" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirwforoMgIza6j7qqqyc4c9aeW0mLoCNvVizhDQm-G9cL7e1RFUyqenoyWX_ILiUaDIsJqKFr7hnp9DyEr4zJdy2gcFDk2R2tQCujqKtOB-P9OjWhI94mVCcJppNJE-CxlUHvDT9QUfwyt0ynEDXOhPTdRzqkBA1WgecqWzL_GSSx37uT6WfCSeUtgug/s1600/Lista%20de%20exerc%C3%ADcios.png" width="275" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div>Portal do Vestibulandohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03466686065222700679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5538522159417475835.post-73624813481418717162023-01-22T21:28:00.003-04:002023-01-22T21:28:19.256-04:00Cálculo Estequiométrico - Lista de Exercícios - Simulado<p> </p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">1. (Pucrs Medicina 2023) </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O clorofórmio (CHCℓ<sub>3</sub>) foi
introduzido como anestésico em procedimentos cirúrgicos no século XIX, na
Inglaterra. Entretanto, o seu uso foi gradativamente abandonado devido ao seu
alto grau de toxicidade, sendo substituído por substâncias anestésicas mais
adequadas. O clorofórmio pode ser preparado pela reação de metano com cloro:</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">CH<sub>4(g)</sub> + 3Cℓ<sub>2(g) </sub>—><sub>
</sub>CHCℓ<sub>3(ℓ) </sub>+ 3CH<sub>ℓ(g)</sub></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A quantidade de cloro, em gramas,
necessária para produzir 1,5 mol de clorofórmio é</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Dado: Cℓ = 35,5. </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">106 </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">155 </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">319 </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">350 </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">2. (Ufpr 2023) </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A elevação da concentração de
fosfato em rios e lagos causa poluição e outros problemas ambientais, como a
eutrofização. Assim, o monitoramento da concentração de fosfato é de interesse
ambiental e pode ser realizado por meio de teste colorimétrico, explorando a
reação de azul de molibdênio. Ao adicionar o íon molibdato (MoO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>),
ácido mineral e um agente redutor numa amostra de água contendo fosfato,
forma-se o composto de intensa cor azul. A intensidade de cor da solução neste
teste é proporcional à concentração de fosfato na amostra.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A reação química envolvida entre o
íon fosfato e molibdato no teste é descrita pela seguinte equação:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup> + 12M<sub>O</sub>O<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>
+ 27H<sup>+</sup> —>H<sub>3</sub>PMo<sub>12</sub>O<sub>40</sub> + 12H<sub>2</sub>O</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Nesse teste, a quantidade de matéria
de MoO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> necessária para uma amostra de 10 mL contendo 2
mg L<sup>-1</sup> de H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> (98 g mol<sup>-1</sup>) é mais
próxima de:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Dados: 1 mg = 10<sup>-3</sup> g; 1
mL = 10<sup>-3</sup> L </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) 1,0 x 10<sup>-3</sup> mol.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) 0,25 x 10<sup>-3</sup> mol.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) 0,02 x 10<sup>-3</sup> mol.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) 2,4 x 10<sup>-6</sup> mol.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) 0,2 x 10<sup>-6</sup> mol.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">3. (Unisinos 2022) </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considerando a estequiometria, são
feitas as seguintes afirmativas:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 6.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -8.5pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I. A análise química de um composto
revelou uma porcentagem em massa de carbono e hidrogênio, respectivamente, de
82,76% e 17,24%. Com base nessas informações, podemos afirmar que a fórmula
mínima do composto é C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II. De acordo com a equação Fe+O<sub>2</sub>—>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>,
podemos afirmar que o número de mols de moléculas de oxigênio necessário para
reagir com 5 mols de átomos de ferro é 5,0 mols.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III. De acordo com a equação CaO<sub>(s)</sub>+HF<sub>(aq)→</sub>CaF<sub>2(s)</sub>+H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>(ℓ)</sub></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">, </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">podemos
afirmar que 8 toneladas de ácido fluorídrico irão produzir 1,56x10<sup>7</sup>g</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">de
fluoreto de cálcio.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sobre as proposições acima, pode-se
afirmar que </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">apenas I
está correta. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">apenas I
e II estão corretas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">apenas I
e III estão corretas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">apenas II
e III estão corretas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I, II e III
estão corretas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">4.
(Ucs 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Um laboratório de Química foi contratado por uma
companhia petrolífera para analisar o teor de sulfeto de hidrogênio em uma
amostra de petróleo cru. Para tanto, o técnico responsável pela análise pesou
inicialmente 75,0 g de amostra e, em seguida, efetuou toda a remoção do sulfeto
de hidrogênio pela técnica de destilação, coletando-o em uma solução aquosa de CdCℓ<sub>2</sub>.
O precipitado obtido, nessa etapa, foi então filtrado, lavado e convertido a
CdSO<sub>4</sub> por calcinação. Sabendo que foram obtidas 0,117 g de
calcinado, pode-se concluir que o teor de sulfeto de hidrogênio na amostra de
petróleo cru analisada, em %, é, em valores arredondados, de</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Dados:
H = 1; O = 16; S = 32; Cd = 112. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">0,012. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">0,025. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">0,045. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">0,062. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">0,087. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">5. (Unicamp 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O Brasil é líder mundial na produção do etanol, que
substitui grande parte da gasolina. Um dos fatores a considerar nessa
substituição é a geração de CO<sub>2</sub> no processo global de produção e
uso. O impacto na etapa final de uso pode ser avaliado por um cálculo
simplificado. Por exemplo, um carro médio consome 1.000g de etanol combustível
ou 700g de gasolina comercial para percorrer 10km. Nessas condições, a queima
de 700g de gasolina comercial leva à formação de 1.962g de CO<sub>2</sub>.
Assim, nas condições apresentadas, a diferença em massa de dióxido de carbono
emitido na combustão, quando se substitui a gasolina comercial por etanol
combustível, é de aproximadamente</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Dados: 1.000 gramas de etanol combustível
apresentam 940g de etanol e 60g de água; massas molares (g mol<sup>-1</sup>): C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O
= 46; CO<sub>2</sub> = 44.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) 164g;</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> a relação estequiométrica C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O : O<sub>2</sub> é
de 1: 3,5. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) 49g, </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a relação estequiométrica C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O : O<sub>2</sub> é
de 1: 3. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) 164g;</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> a relação estequiométrica C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O : O<sub>2</sub> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>é de 1: 3. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) 49g; </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a relação estequiométrica C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O : O<sub>2</sub><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>é de 1: 3,5. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">6. (Unicamp 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A remoção de sulfeto de hidrogênio presente em
amostras de biogás é essencial, já que ele é altamente corrosivo para
tubulações metálicas. A queima desse H<sub>2</sub>S também é muito prejudicial
ao meio ambiente, pois leva à formação de dióxido de enxofre. Um estudo de 2014
sugere que a remoção do H<sub>2</sub>S <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pode ser realizada pelo uso de esponjas de
óxido de ferro, que reage com esse gás, mas pode ser regenerado. Segundo o
estudo, no dispositivo utilizado, 1,00kg de óxido de ferro foi capaz de remover
entre 0,200 e 0,716kg de sulfeto de hidrogênio. Considere que apenas a reação
abaixo equacionada esteja ocorrendo nessa remoção.</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3(s) </sub>+ 3H<sub>2</sub>S<sub>(g)</sub>
→ Fe<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3(g)</sub> + 3H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>(</sub></span></b><b><sub><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">ℓ</span></sub></b><b><sub><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">)</span></sub></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A partir desses dados, pode-se afirmar que, na
condição de remoção máxima de sulfeto de hidrogênio relatada no estudo,</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Massas molares (g mol<sup>-1</sup>): Fe=56, H=1,0=16
e S=32.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">restaram
cerca de 33% de óxido de ferro para reagir, tomando por base a estequiometria
da equação química fornecida. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">restaram
cerca de 67% de óxido de ferro para reagir, tomando por base a estequiometria
da equação química fornecida. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">foi
removida uma quantidade maior de H<sub>2</sub>S que a prevista pela
estequiometria da equação química fornecida. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">as
quantidades reagiram na proporção estequiométrica da equação química fornecida.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">7. (Famerp 2020) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Um resíduo de 200mL de solução de ácido sulfúrico (H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>),
de concentração 0,1mol/L, precisava ser neutralizado antes do descarte. Para
tanto, foi utilizado bicarbonato de sódio (NaHCO<sub>3</sub>), conforme a
equação a seguir:</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">H2SO4 + 2NaHCO<sub>3</sub> → Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>
+ 2H<sub>2</sub>O + 2CO<sub>2</sub></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A massa de bicarbonato de sódio necessária para a
neutralização completa do ácido sulfúrico contido nessa solução é igual a</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Dados: H=1; C=12; O=16; Na=23; S=32.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">
<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) 1,68g</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) 16,8g</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) 8,4g</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) 33,6g</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) 3,36g</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">8. (Ufrgs 2020) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Nos aterros sanitários, o processo de biodegradação
da matéria orgânica ocorre geralmente em condições anaeróbicas (em ausência de
oxigênio ou de ar), produzindo gases causadores do efeito estufa, metano e gás
carbônico, conforme mostrado na equação abaixo, exemplificada para a glicose.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6(s) </sub>→ 3CH<sub>4(g)
</sub>+ 3CO<sub>2(g)</sub></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O volume de gases do efeito estufa, gerado pela
decomposição anaeróbica de 0,9kg de glicose nas CNTP (0 °C e 1atm), será de
aproximadamente<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Dados: C=12; H=1; O=16 </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) 22,4L</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) 67,2L</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) 125,4L</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) 336,0L</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) 672,0L</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">9. (Acafe 2020) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Uma empresa resolveu analisar a substituição do
combustível utilizado em suas caldeiras com o objetivo de diminuir os impactos
ambientais de sua atividade econômica. O projeto em estudo prevê substituir o
carvão mineral por gás natural (CH<sub>4</sub>) como combustível. Sabendo que,
atualmente, a empresa utiliza 10kg de carvão mineral com 90% de pureza em
carbono para aquecer certa massa de água de 25 °C até 75 °C, assinale a
alternativa que apresenta os valores aproximados da massa de água aquecida e do
volume de gás natural necessário (nas CNTP) para substituir o carvão mineral,
neste processo industrial. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Dados: c=1cal/g · °C; Calores de Combustão: C=96
kcal/mol; CH<sub>4</sub>=212 kcal/mol; C=12; H=1<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) 1,60x10<sup>3</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">g
e 7610 </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">litros </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) 1,44x10<sup>6</sup>g</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> e 8450 litros </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) 1,44x10<sup>6</sup>g</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> e 7610 litros </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) 1,60x10<sup>3</sup>g</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> e 8450 litros</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">10. (Ueg 2020) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O biodiesel é um biocombustível, ou seja, é
derivado de fontes renováveis, e pode substituir parcial ou totalmente os
combustíveis derivados do petróleo. Reações químicas entre lipídios e álcoois
de cadeia curta produzem os ésteres de ácidos graxos constituintes do
biodiesel. Um dos componentes do biodiesel produzido usando óleo de soja e
metanol é o éster metílico do ácido linoleico, cuja fórmula molecular é C<sub>19</sub>H<sub>34</sub>O<sub>2</sub>.
Na combustão de 300 mols de C<sub>19</sub>H<sub>34</sub>O<sub>2</sub>,<sub> </sub>a
quantidade de CO<sub>2</sub> formada será: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">5100 mols </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">3900 mols </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">5700 mols </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">2700 mols </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">7500 mols </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 35.4pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">11. (IFCE 2019) </span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O cloridrato de sibutramina
monoidratada é um medicamento utilizado como inibidor de apetite para o
tratamento da obesidade ou quando a perda de peso está clinicamente indicada. O
medicamento apresenta cápsulas de 10mg e 15mg, tendo na sua composição 8,37mg e
12,55mg de sibutramina, respectivamente, e o restante da massa é de substâncias
inertes. A quantidade de sibutramina que um paciente consumirá se ele comprar
uma caixa com 30 cápsulas de 10mg, em mg, é de</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">OBS: Sibutramina – Venda sob prescrição médica. O abuso do medicamento
pode causar dependência.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) 251,10</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) 376,50</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) 275,11</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) 310,10</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) 125,55</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">12. (Cftmg 2019) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Um experimento consistiu em reagir 3 x 10<sup>-3</sup>
de alumínio com solução aquosa de ácido clorídrico, conforme esquema a seguir:</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><b><br /></b></span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguOxqT6myFRPHL29jM-NslhS2EMz6Cnm0SHA7-A9egzFP8eJ5vS-nP67TFJ1e71FREHGYdPOBW-Xp-zmD7rlyxISjqDME-ZkXg0dGQrjdKuyOnw3Nairsta-DMM54o-EZnRHULbgdAdzPqd5BkuYAo4UfCg0g2xtgaImyL8Vh3iYa7MTvOv111FqBs7A/s600/12.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="177" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguOxqT6myFRPHL29jM-NslhS2EMz6Cnm0SHA7-A9egzFP8eJ5vS-nP67TFJ1e71FREHGYdPOBW-Xp-zmD7rlyxISjqDME-ZkXg0dGQrjdKuyOnw3Nairsta-DMM54o-EZnRHULbgdAdzPqd5BkuYAo4UfCg0g2xtgaImyL8Vh3iYa7MTvOv111FqBs7A/s16000/12.png" /></a></b></div><b><br /></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Depois de cessada a reação, observou-se que ainda
existia alumínio no fundo do frasco e que foram coletados no tubo 3,36x10<sup>-3</sup>L
de gás.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considerando que não ocorreram perdas durante o
experimento e que o volume molar na condição do ensaio tenha sido 22,4L,
pode-se afirmar corretamente que o </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">alumínio
é o agente limitante da reação.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">gás
coletado no tubo de ensaio é o cloro.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">experimento
não ilustra a lei de Lavoisier.<u> </u></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ácido
clorídrico foi consumido na quantidade de 3x10<sup>-4</sup> mol. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">13. (Enem PPL 2019) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Na busca por ouro, os garimpeiros se confundem
facilmente entre o ouro verdadeiro e o chamado ouro de tolo, que tem em sua
composição 90% de um minério chamado pirita (FeS<sub>2</sub>). Apesar do
engano, a pirita não é descartada, pois é utilizada na produção do ácido
sulfúrico, que ocorre com rendimento global de 90%, conforme as equações
químicas apresentadas.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considere as massas molares: FeS<sub>2 </sub>(120
g/mol), O2 (32 g/mol), Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (160g/mol), SO<sub>2</sub>
(64g/mol), SO<sub>3</sub> (80g/mol), H<sub>2</sub>O (18g/mol), H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>
(98 g/mol).</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">4FeS<sub>2</sub> + 11O<sub>2</sub> → 2Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>
+ 8SO<sub>2<o:p></o:p></sub></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">2SO<sub>2</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> → 2SO<sub>3<o:p></o:p></sub></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">SO<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O → H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Qual é o valor mais próximo da massa de ácido
sulfúrico, em quilograma, que será produzida a partir de 2,0kg de ouro de tolo?
</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) 0,33</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) 0,41</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) 2,6</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) 2,9</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) 3,3</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">14. (Fuvest 2019) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O cinamaldeído é um dos principais compostos que
dão o sabor e o aroma da canela. Quando exposto ao ar, oxida conforme a equação
balanceada:</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYaGfEV_AfpTqExRUo8KdKUGo89CCI5__RNs3cCDx4gL9HX_Yyv0TPEiVlPFnHAgVo8HmVMmi-Fe_ONUyI66qR-HweEJStMIEkp0KRU5OG9qxYen0l3ltfc_rgO1q5_QSyeJ-VpdP2BsiIyIx8dbme8nvEL66cQQsEUPtNKXfaKeZpvZ80OWmmhGPFQg/s16000/14.%20cinamalde%C3%ADdo.png" /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Uma amostra de 19,80g desse composto puro foi
exposta ao ar por 74 dias e depois pesada novamente, sendo que a massa final
aumentou em 1,20g A porcentagem desse composto que foi oxidada no período foi
de</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Note e adote:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -5.65pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">- Massas molares (g/mol): Cinamaldeído=132; O<sub>2</sub>=32
<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 5.65pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -5.65pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">- Considere que não houve perda de cinamaldeído ou
do produto de oxidação por evaporação. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) 10%</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) 25%</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) 50%</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) 75%</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) 90%</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">15. (Uerj 2018) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A hemoglobina é uma proteína de elevada massa
molar, responsável pelo transporte de oxigênio na corrente sanguínea. Esse
transporte pode ser representado pela equação química abaixo, em que HB
corresponde à hemoglobina.</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">HB + 4 O<sub>2</sub> → HB(O<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Em um experimento, constatou-se que 1g de
hemoglobina é capaz de transportar 2,24x10<sup>-4</sup>L de oxigênio molecular
com comportamento ideal, nas CNTP.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A massa molar, em g/mol, da hemoglobina utilizada
no experimento é igual a: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) 1x10<sup>5</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) 2 x10<sup>5</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) 3 x10<sup>5</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) 4 x10<sup>5</sup></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">16. (Enem PPL 2018) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Objetos de prata sofrem escurecimento devido à sua
reação com enxofre. Estes materiais recuperam seu brilho característico quando
envoltos por papel alumínio e mergulhados em um recipiente contendo água quente
e sal de cozinha.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A reação não balanceada que ocorre é:</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Ag<sub>2</sub>S<sub>(s)</sub> + A</span></b><b><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">ℓ<sub>(s)</sub> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">→ A</span></b><b><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">ℓ<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3(s)</sub> + Ag<sub>(s)</sub></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Dados da massa molar dos elementos (g mol<sup>-1</sup>):
Ag=108; S=32. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">UCKO, D. A. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Química
para as ciências da saúde</i>: uma introdução à química geral, orgânica e
biológica. São Paulo: Manole, 1995 (adaptado).</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Utilizando o processo descrito, a massa de prata
metálica que será regenerada na superfície de um objeto que contém 2,48g de Ag<sub>2</sub>S
é </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) 0,54g</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) 1,08g</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) 1,91g</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) 2,16g</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) 3,82g</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">17. (Enem PPL 2018 - Adaptada) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Objetos de prata sofrem escurecimento devido à sua
reação com enxofre. Estes materiais recuperam seu brilho característico quando
envoltos por papel alumínio e mergulhados em um recipiente contendo água quente
e sal de cozinha.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A reação não balanceada que ocorre é:</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Ag<sub>2</sub>S<sub>(s)</sub> + A</span></b><b><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">ℓ<sub>(s)</sub> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">→ A</span></b><b><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">ℓ<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3(s)</sub> + Ag<sub>(s)</sub></span></b><b><sub><span style="background: white; font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 8pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></sub></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Dados da massa molar dos elementos (g mol<sup>-1</sup>):
Ag=108; S=32. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">UCKO, D. A. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Química
para as ciências da saúde</i>: uma introdução à química geral, orgânica e
biológica. São Paulo: Manole, 1995 (adaptado).</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Utilizando o processo descrito com 80% de
rendimento, a massa aproximada de prata metálica regenerada na superfície de um
objeto que contenha 7,44g de Ag<sub>2</sub>S, será </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) 0,54g</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) 1,08g</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) 1,91g</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) 2,16g</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) 5,18g</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">18. (Enem PPL 2018 - Adaptada)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Pesquisadores desenvolveram uma nova e mais eficiente rota sintética
para produzir a substância atorvastatina, empregada para reduzir os níveis de
colesterol. Segundo os autores, com base nessa descoberta, a síntese da
atorvastatina cálcica (CaC<sub>66</sub>H<sub>68</sub>F<sub>2</sub>N<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">,</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> massa molar igual a 1.154gmol) é realizada a partir do éster
4-metil-3-oxopentanoato de metila (C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>3</sub>,
massa molar igual a 144g/mol).</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Unicamp descobre nova rota para produzir
medicamento mais vendido no mundo. Disponível em: www.unicamp.com.br. Acesso
em: 26 out. 2015 (adaptado).</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considere o rendimento global de 40% na síntese de
atorvastatina cálcica a partir desse éster, na proporção de 1:1.
Simplificadamente, o processo é ilustrado na figura.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><b><br /></b></span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBcHhsm-K6mofNoUZ-AbzkIRKOWq-C7Hjl6rH8zqe19cEsPbN5i56XBhQ6U_0sKJor8ItiHfVviExdNxyRvLtVaU0Iu-YR72LEO-gyR5EUNc-bY1v2GmG4exo0V3_dc7qbN0Svw0rNtShDf3LQLzPxtOB7xzxABo4tdqXQYpGqyn9Myd-USFuSfv0DJQ/s585/18.%20rendimento%20global%20de%2040%25%20na%20s%C3%ADntese%20de%20atorvastatina%20c%C3%A1lcica.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="229" data-original-width="585" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBcHhsm-K6mofNoUZ-AbzkIRKOWq-C7Hjl6rH8zqe19cEsPbN5i56XBhQ6U_0sKJor8ItiHfVviExdNxyRvLtVaU0Iu-YR72LEO-gyR5EUNc-bY1v2GmG4exo0V3_dc7qbN0Svw0rNtShDf3LQLzPxtOB7xzxABo4tdqXQYpGqyn9Myd-USFuSfv0DJQ/s16000/18.%20rendimento%20global%20de%2040%25%20na%20s%C3%ADntese%20de%20atorvastatina%20c%C3%A1lcica.png" /></a></b></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Imagem_x0020_154" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" style="height: 104.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 266.25pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/profa/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.wmz">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span></b><b><span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considerando o processo descrito, a massa, em
grama, de atorvastatina cálcica obtida a partir de 288g do éster é mais próxima
de </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) 760</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) 890</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) 923</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) 1054</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) 1075</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">19. (Acafe 2017) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale a alternativa que contém o valor da massa
de cloreto de alumínio produzido após reação de 8mol de ácido clorídrico com 4mol
de hidróxido de alumínio.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Dados: H: 1,0g/mol; O:16g/mol; A</span></b><b><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">ℓ: 27g/mol; </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">C</span></b><b><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">ℓ:35,5g/mol.</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) 712g</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) 534g</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) 133,5g</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) 356g</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">20. (Enem 2017) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O ácido acetilsalicílico, AAS (massa molar igual a 180g/mol)
é sintetizado a partir da reação do ácido salicílico (massa molar igual a 138g/mol)
com anidrido acético, usando-se ácido sulfúrico como catalisador, conforme a
equação química:</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><b><br /></b></span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi16JF7sCHdn_OfN8KRDyjmXKkUAUwjVjFJwK8ZTVRAeBDbm-uXvBdLJkEiuSamtyR-5Ez2xnSAtJDg6HRWoxziWdb_eFEH1n0cOWS-TGss8AXVgn3rlCbnLqWQJj4SSkY5kqXjjXd0uzjABVdGph6P4dDTZCNbKuycurAwI96VpM9hHG9gy0H6RrG8KQ/s600/20.%20%C3%A1cido%20acetilsalic%C3%ADlico.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="131" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi16JF7sCHdn_OfN8KRDyjmXKkUAUwjVjFJwK8ZTVRAeBDbm-uXvBdLJkEiuSamtyR-5Ez2xnSAtJDg6HRWoxziWdb_eFEH1n0cOWS-TGss8AXVgn3rlCbnLqWQJj4SSkY5kqXjjXd0uzjABVdGph6P4dDTZCNbKuycurAwI96VpM9hHG9gy0H6RrG8KQ/s16000/20.%20%C3%A1cido%20acetilsalic%C3%ADlico.png" /></a></b></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Após a síntese, o AAS é purificado e o rendimento
final é de aproximadamente 50%. Devido às suas propriedades farmacológicas
(antitérmico, analgésico, anti-inflamatório, antitrombótico), o AAS é utilizado
como medicamento na forma de comprimidos, nos quais se emprega tipicamente uma
massa de 500mg dessa substância.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Uma indústria farmacêutica pretende fabricar um
lote de 900 mil comprimidos, de acordo com as especificações do texto. Qual é a
massa de ácido salicílico, em kg, que deve ser empregada para esse fim? </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) 293</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) 345</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) 414</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) 690</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) 828</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.portaldovestibulando.com/2023/01/calculo-estequiometrico-lista-de.html" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="55" data-original-width="266" height="55" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikH1sL-FxhxEnNvHoWJcGjHPFwJhssnakRITJu3u69kWVIkNUG50HEkWhNj26LOQy2Ugw11afmddtfS61E7t9gKj48-XY7287ZE9vAZJm3YMTf0e9FxXC9PkQ5B1MpWyL-MQoFYMW9ZT36EHvBN84x8wxONJV32GkRSFa161KPRj7xF0ztB91obUz8Tg/s1600/Gabarito.png" width="266" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/file/q603pqkqr92bi9d/Química+-+Cálculo+Estequiométrico+-+Lista+de+Exercícios.pdf/file" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUNzKWfIp3d5-hJlyG8hT9SKpuVLCDZFgSHPHoPfs6Lu-oEV8xPVKqqAMfU91bb0FEqT_lmzveplt8MufPYoS1FVNeUsm19CEXXnSkkV7Qzo79YJHOgnZcR4FJTUA4pIgAvQA9TXCHI3xRzwJMN-jrW6l0PXPZ3cLlQIy0NUdIyT-spihs_xvuVDLjrQ/s1600/Lista%20de%20exerc%C3%ADcios.png" width="275" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br />Portal do Vestibulandohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03466686065222700679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5538522159417475835.post-66048595018834535652023-01-22T18:04:00.000-04:002023-01-22T18:04:08.226-04:00Brasil Colônia: Economia Açucareira - Lista de Exercícios - Simulado<p> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">1.
(Esa 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Em outubro de 2021, a cidade de Recife-PE foi
selecionada para abrigar a nova Escola de Formação e Graduação de Sargentos de
Carreira do Exército. Na mesma região, ocorreu o movimento conhecido como
Insurreição Pernambucana (1645 – 1654) que teve as Batalhas de Guararapes como
ponto alto. O órgão que financiou a invasão holandesa no Brasil foi o(a): </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Associação comercial holandesa de Maurisstad </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Ducado holandês de Amsterdan </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Instituto de comércio e desenvolvimento Brasil-Holanda </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Reino holandês de Nassau </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Companhia holandesa das Índias Ocidentais </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">2.
(Uece 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Das 16 primeiras vilas criadas no Ceará, apenas 4
delas (Aquiraz – 1699; Fortaleza – 1725; Aracati – 1747 e Caucaia – 1750) estavam
diretamente no litoral ou bem próximo dele. As demais 12 vilas mais antigas
localizavam-se sertão adentro, próximas a cursos d’água ou em regiões serranas
(Icó – 1735; Viçosa do Ceará – 1759; Baturité – 1762; Crato – 1762; Sobral –
1766; Granja – 1776; Quixeramobim – 1789; Guaraciaba do Norte – 1791; Russas –
1799; Tauá – 1801; Jardim – 1814 e Lavras da Mangabeira – 1816).</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Esse
aspecto da ocupação do espaço cearense se deveu </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">à ação dos coronéis que conduziram a política local desde o início da
colonização, voltando as atenções do Estado para as regiões de seu interesse. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ao desenvolvimento de uma grande atividade de produção canavieira nos
sertões cearenses, que apresentam clima quente e chuvoso, condições ideais para
aquele cultivo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">aos esforços dos bandeirantes, que, na busca por metais e pedras
preciosas fundaram povoados que resultaram nas vilas e cidades mais antigas do
Ceará. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">à pecuária, atividade subsidiária da produção açucareira, que se
expandiu para o interior das capitanias, pois o litoral era dominado pela
monocultura canavieira para exportação. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">3. (Albert Einstein - Medicina 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Nos dois primeiros séculos de colonização, a
empresa colonial giraria em torno da cana: a formação de vilas e cidades, a
defesa de territórios, a divisão de propriedades, as relações com diferentes
grupos sociais e até a escolha da capital.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Lilia M. Schwarcz e Heloisa M. Starling. <i>Brasil: uma biografia</i>, 2018. Adaptado.)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O excerto apresenta o avanço da produção de
cana-de-açúcar no Brasil colonial como <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
adoção de uma sociedade de modelo feudal, que determinou a forte dependência da
economia brasileira em relação às grandes potências europeias do período. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
definição de um perfil para a ação portuguesa na América, que incluiu a
produção voltada ao mercado externo e a consolidação da ocupação territorial. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o
estabelecimento de mecanismos reguladores da relação colônia-metrópole, que
passava a funcionar a partir do princípio da liberdade comercial. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
conformação de uma economia diversificada, que assegurava a expansão
territorial e uma distribuição equilibrada dos recursos metropolitanos nas
áreas de colonização. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o
deslocamento do eixo econômico da colônia, que avançou para o centro do
território e passou a privilegiar a agricultura extensiva baseada em mão de
obra indígena. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">4. (Unesp 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A produção de açúcar no Brasil colonial era parte
de um conjunto de processos e relações que ultrapassavam os limites da colônia
e incluíam <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
estruturação do engenho como unidade produtiva, a disposição portuguesa de
povoar a colônia e o comércio sistemático com a América espanhola. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">as
técnicas de cultivo indígenas, as mudas de cana procedentes do mundo árabe e a
intermediação britânica na comercialização. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
adaptação da cana à terra roxa do Nordeste, o conhecimento técnico dos
imigrantes e a atuação holandesa no transporte marítimo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
constituição da grande propriedade, o tráfico de africanos escravizados e a
existência de amplo mercado consumidor na Europa. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o
avanço da ocupação das áreas centrais da colônia, o recurso à mão de obra
nativa e o crescimento do gosto pelos sabores doces na Europa. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">5. (Fgv 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">É particularmente no Oeste da província de São Paulo – o Oeste de 1840,
não o de 1940 – que os cafezais adquirem seu caráter próprio, emancipando-se
das formas de exploração agrária estereotipadas desde os tempos coloniais no
modelo clássico de lavoura canavieira e do “engenho” de açúcar. A silhueta
antiga do senhor de engenho perde aqui alguns dos seus traços característicos,
desprendendo-se mais da terra e da tradição – da rotina – rural. A terra da
lavoura deixa então de ser o seu pequeno mundo para se tornar unicamente seu
meio de vida, sua fonte de renda e de riqueza. A fazenda resiste com menos
energia à influência urbana.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Sérgio Buarque de Holanda. <i>Raízes do Brasil</i>, 1995.)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O historiador compara duas economias agrárias,
empregando como critério da comparação <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o
volume do capital acumulado com as redes internacionais de comércio de produtos
primários. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o grau
maior ou menor de autonomia dos centros de produções agrícolas para com as
relações socioeconômicas mais gerais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o
emprego de formas de exploração do trabalho especializado assalariado ou
compulsório em regimes de plantations. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o
controle ou a influência maior ou menor dos grandes empresários agrícolas sobre
as políticas governamentais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
permanência mais ou menos duradoura da atividade produtiva agrícola ao longo da
história do Brasil. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">6. (Unichristus - Medicina 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(...) desde a saída do Conde Maurício de Nassau do
governo dominado pelos holandeses na América, em 1644, foi-se ampliando um
clima de descontentamento entre os colonos em Pernambuco, provocado por
incompatibilidades com o novo rumo dado à administração da capitania pela
Companhia das Índias, considerado prejudicial aos seus negócios. Entre outras
coisas, a Companhia passou a cobrar os empréstimos concedidos por Nassau, e
quando esses não eram pagos, os juros aplicados eram extorsivos. Em 1645 teve
início um movimento de revolta contra o domínio holandês que ficou conhecido
como Insurreição Pernambucana. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Disponível em: http://www.multirio.rj.gov.br.
Acesso em: 14 set. 2020.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A expulsão dos holandeses do Brasil gerou sérios
problemas para a economia da Colônia portuguesa devido ao fato de os holandeses
<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">terem
se negado a vender o açúcar brasileiro, que passou a ser substituído pelo
açúcar estadunidense. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">terem
se aliado à França para produzir açúcar a fim de dividirem o lucrativo mercado
açucareiro europeu. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">terem
iniciado a própria produção de açúcar nas Antilhas quebrando o monopólio do
açúcar brasileiro. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">terem
iniciado a produção de açúcar junto a países árabes acabando com o monopólio do
açúcar brasileiro. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">iniciarem
uma campanha difamatória afirmando que o açúcar brasileiro era impuro devido ao
fato de ser produzido por escravizados africanos.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">7. (Unesp 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O consumo dos alimentos nas propriedades de
monocultura de cana-de-açúcar estava […] baseado no que se podia produzir nas
brechas de um grande sistema subordinado ao mercado externo, resultando em uma
grande quantidade de farinha de mandioca, feijões de diversos tipos,
batata-doce, milho e cará comidos com pouco rigor, além de uma cultura do doce,
cristalizada na mistura das frutas com açúcar refinado e simbolizada,
popularmente, pela rapadura.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Paula Pinto e Silva. “Sabores da colônia”.<i> In:</i> Luciano Figueiredo (org). <i>História do Brasil para ocupados</i>, 2013.)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O texto caracteriza formas de alimentação no Brasil
colonial e revela <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o
esforço metropolitano de diversificar a produção da colônia, com o intuito de
ampliar as vendas de alimentos para outros países europeus. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
diferença entre a sofisticação da alimentação da população colonial e o
restrito conjunto de alimentos disponíveis na metrópole. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
articulação entre um sistema de produção voltado ao atendimento das
necessidades e interesses da metrópole e as estratégias de subsistência. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o interesse
dos grandes proprietários de terras na colônia de produzir para o mercado
interno, rejeitando a submissão ao domínio metropolitano. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
separação entre as lavouras voltadas ao fornecimento de alimentos para os
países vizinhos e as plantações destinadas ao consumo interno. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">8. (Enem PPL 2020) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Ao longo de uma evolução iniciada nos meados do
século XIV, o tráfico lusitano se desenvolve na periferia da economia
metropolitana e das trocas africanas. Em seguida, o negócio se apresenta como
uma fonte de receita para a Coroa e responde à demanda escravista de outras
regiões europeias. Por fim, os africanos são usados para consolidar a produção
ultramarina.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ALENCASTRO, L. F. <i>O trato dos viventes</i>. São Paulo: Cia. das Letras, 2000 (adaptado).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A atividade econômica destacada no texto é um dos
elementos do processo que levou o reino português a <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">utilizar
o clero jesuíta para garantir a manutenção da emancipação indígena. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">dinamizar
o setor fabril para absorver os lucros dos investimentos senhoriais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">aceitar
a tutela papal para reivindicar a exclusividade das rotas transoceânicas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">fortalecer
os estabelecimentos bancários para financiar a expansão da exploração mineradora.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">implementar
a agromanufatura açucareira para viabilizar a continuidade da empreitada
colonial. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">9. (Fmj 2020) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Observe o afresco de Cândido Portinari, pintado em 1938 para compor o
mural do Ministério da Educação no Rio de Janeiro sobre os ciclos econômicos do
Brasil.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><b><br /></b></span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmydOV0mnkGvk9WIXzLgtcqFf9yWywqcry0PkRQu0lB1mzDLY158IafwNHBgabVJpjG4lThFt-J-zrbXFbBuZRkTt2awULtjTAsV6MLv3_j6RgTYxWB4UFLvYaagRuDRkdJxMG9_RShHeKTXRbvYFA9QQ4h5rUPv7OvEYLC86JCvcxHoWj27Uk5UbA5Q/s629/afresco%20de%20C%C3%A2ndido%20Portinari,%20pintado%20em%201938.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="629" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmydOV0mnkGvk9WIXzLgtcqFf9yWywqcry0PkRQu0lB1mzDLY158IafwNHBgabVJpjG4lThFt-J-zrbXFbBuZRkTt2awULtjTAsV6MLv3_j6RgTYxWB4UFLvYaagRuDRkdJxMG9_RShHeKTXRbvYFA9QQ4h5rUPv7OvEYLC86JCvcxHoWj27Uk5UbA5Q/s16000/afresco%20de%20C%C3%A2ndido%20Portinari,%20pintado%20em%201938.png" /></a></b></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No Brasil colonial, um fator essencial para a
organização da atividade econômica representada no afresco foi <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
divisão dos engenhos de açúcar em datas, que eram lotes de terra de tamanhos
variáveis, distribuídos de acordo com o número de escravos e de trabalhadores
livres de cada senhor de engenho. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
instituição do regime de porto único, em que se reservou ao porto de Recife o
privilégio exclusivo de exportar o açúcar para a metrópole e importar produtos
manufaturados da Europa. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
participação financeira dos holandeses, já que a produção de açúcar exigia
grande número de escravos, instalações de alto custo e mão de obra
especializada. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
implantação do estanco, que consistia em um monopólio do cultivo da cana e da
produção do açúcar, autorizado pelo rei de Portugal. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
criação do colonato, regime de trabalho em que o empregado do engenho era pago,
em parte, por tarefa executada e, em parte, pela colheita anual. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">10. (Pucpr 2020) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Leia o texto que segue para responder à próxima
questão.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os primeiros engenhos começaram a funcionar em
Pernambuco no ano de 1535, sob a direção do donatário Duarte Coelho. A partir
daí os registros não pareciam crescer: quatro estabelecimentos em 1550; trinta
em 1570, e 140 no fim do século XVI. A produção de cana alastrava-se não só
numericamente como espacialmente, chegando à Paraíba, ao Rio Grande do Norte, à
Bahia e até mesmo ao Pará. Mas foi em Pernambuco e na Bahia, sobretudo na
região do Recôncavo baiano, que a economia açucareira de fato prosperou.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">SCHWARCZ, Lilia M; STARLING, Heloisa M.
Brasil: Uma biografia. São Paulo: <i>Companhia das Letras</i>, 2015, p. 55.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O texto faz referência ao chamado sistema de <i>plantation</i>,
utilizado nos engenhos de açúcar, que se caracterizou <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">pelo
cultivo em pequenas propriedades familiares voltadas para o comércio interno da
colônia. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">pela
utilização exclusiva da mão de obra indígena local, cultivo em grandes
propriedades conhecidas como latifúndios e voltadas para o comércio de exportação. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">pelo
cultivo de gêneros tropicais para exportação em grandes propriedades chamadas
latifúndios e utilização de trabalho assalariado. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">pela
pequena propriedade, produção de vários produtos voltados para o mercado
interno e utilização de mão de obra escravizada vinda da África. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">pela
utilização da mão de obra escravizada vinda da África, produção em larga escala
de gêneros tropicais para a exportação e cultivo em grandes propriedades
chamadas latifúndios. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">11. (Fatec 2020) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O texto II remete a um período de produção do
açúcar em que se estabeleceu um tipo característico de relação social e de
trabalho.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: FiraSans-Regular; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Texto I</span></b></p><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><br />O branco açúcar que adoçará meu café<br />Nesta manhã de Ipanema<br />Não foi produzido por mim<br />Nem surgiu dentro do açucareiro por milagre<br />Vejo-o puro<br />E afável ao paladar<br />Como beijo de moça, água<br />Na pele, flor<br />Que se dissolve na boca. Mas este açúcar<br />Não foi feito por mim.<br />Este açúcar veio<br />Da mercearia da esquina e tampouco o fez o Oliveira,<br />Dono da mercearia.<br />Este açúcar veio<br />De uma usina de açúcar em Pernambuco<br />Ou no Estado do Rio<br />E tampouco o fez o dono da usina.<br />Este açúcar era cana<br />E veio dos canaviais extensos<br />Que não nascem por acaso<br />No regaço do vale.<br />Em lugares distantes, onde não há hospital<br />Nem escola,<br />Homens que não sabem ler e morrem de fome<br />Aos 27 anos<br />Plantaram e colheram a cana<br />Que viraria açúcar.<br />Em usinas escuras,<br />Homens de vida amarga<br />E dura<br />Produziram este açúcar<br />Branco e puro<br />Com que adoço meu café esta manhã em Ipanema.</span><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 7.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: FiraSans-Regular; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">GULLAR,
F. “O Açúcar”. <i>Toda poesia</i>. Rio de
Janeiro, Civilização Brasileira, 1980.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: FiraSans-Regular; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Texto II</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1P8Hipy6RF1Xj-CqPCLPZXjmxFyxBuLduJWm6v7MXUYobQpdj_eZDc71s0iS_6oNYq2XFdPCYtlNHLVOQudIo8K58rH8EH4V7amWP1NCl7T7oieWAsyF3h8oH0Njy8FrELCryRO1bUSrr8d2Q97aNzJu_CsflXsU4GxrbYWJN_Vtj5Cl-s9Qhj6uqQw/s600/Sem%20t%C3%ADtulo.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="419" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1P8Hipy6RF1Xj-CqPCLPZXjmxFyxBuLduJWm6v7MXUYobQpdj_eZDc71s0iS_6oNYq2XFdPCYtlNHLVOQudIo8K58rH8EH4V7amWP1NCl7T7oieWAsyF3h8oH0Njy8FrELCryRO1bUSrr8d2Q97aNzJu_CsflXsU4GxrbYWJN_Vtj5Cl-s9Qhj6uqQw/s16000/Sem%20t%C3%ADtulo.png" /></a></b></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">* Texto da imagem: “Em 1888, a princesa Isabel
assinou a Lei Áurea, mas nem todo mundo conseguiu ler.”</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As informações contidas na imagem do texto II,
localizadas no canto inferior direito, não foram reproduzidas, pois não
interferem na resolução das questões apresentadas. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale a alternativa que apresenta, corretamente,
algumas das características dessas relações sociais e de trabalho nos engenhos
de açúcar da América portuguesa, no século XVI. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
modelo de produção de açúcar na América portuguesa beneficiou-se da prática
corrente entre os povos africanos, que se ofereciam voluntariamente à
escravidão, como forma de fugir das más condições econômicas e climáticas
características do subdesenvolvimento do seu continente. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
escravidão africana foi justificada por diferentes narrativas que utilizavam
passagens bíblicas para defender o trabalho forçado como castigo divino ou como
forma de expiação dos supostos pecados dos africanos, que, muitas vezes, na
América portuguesa, foram separados de membros de suas famílias e comunidades. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Embora
no sudeste prevalecesse a escravidão africana, nos engenhos de açúcar do
Nordeste, a mão de obra escravizada era predominantemente de origem indígena
andina, fornecida por traficantes de escravos especializados em atravessar
clandestinamente a linha de fronteira demarcada pelo Tratado de Tordesilhas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Ao
contrário das capitanias do Nordeste, que utilizavam mão de obra escravizada, a
capitania de São Vicente se caracterizou pelo açúcar de alta qualidade,
produzido a partir da mão de obra livre de imigrantes italianos e alemães, que
vinham para a América fugindo das guerras de unificação de seus respectivos
países. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
escravid</span><span style="font-family: "MS Gothic"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">鉶</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> de africanos e afrodescendentes nos engenhos de a</span><span style="font-family: "MS Gothic"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">琥</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">car coloniais seguia a
l</span><span style="font-family: "MS Gothic"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">骻</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ica interna das
sociedades africanas, cujo sistema de produ</span><span style="font-family: "MS Gothic"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">玢</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o de <i>commodities</i>
em larga escala foi tomado como modelo para o desenvolvimento das col</span><span style="font-family: "Microsoft JhengHei",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">鬾</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ias europeias em todo o
continente americano.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoHeader" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 35.4pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">12. (Ifce 2019) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Com a chegada de Pedro Álvares Cabral,
em 1500, teve início um processo de invasão das terras indígenas e de
implantação do sistema colonial. Os portugueses que vieram para o Brasil tinham
como objetivo claro a exploração econômica do nosso território e de seu povo.</span></b></p><p class="MsoHeader" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 35.4pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Constituíam
a economia colonial do Brasil <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">cana-de-açúcar, algodão e café. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">pau-brasil, cana-de-açúcar e café.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">café, borracha da Amazônia e cana-de-açúcar. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">pau-brasil, cana-de-açúcar e mineração.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">pau-brasil,
cana-de-açúcar e produção de tecidos industrializados. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">13. (Espm 2019) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A primeira vez que se
mencionou o açúcar e a intenção de implantar uma produção desse gênero no
Brasil foi em 1516, quando o rei D. Manuel ordenou que se distribuíssem
machados, enxadas e demais ferramentas às pessoas que fossem povoar o Brasil e
que se procurasse um homem prático e capaz de ali dar princípio a um engenho
de açúcar. Os primeiros engenhos começaram a funcionar em Pernambuco no ano de
1535, sob a direção de Duarte Coelho. A partir daí os registros não parariam de
crescer: quatro estabelecimentos em 1550; trinta em 1570, e 140 no fim do
século XVI. A produção de cana alastrava-se não só numericamente como
espacialmente, chegando à Paraíba, ao Rio Grande do Norte, à Bahia e até mesmo
ao Pará. Mas foi em Pernambuco e na Bahia, sobretudo na região do recôncavo
baiano, que a economia açucareira de fato prosperou. Tiveram início, então, os
anos dourados do Brasil da cana, a produção alcançando 350 mil arrobas no
final do século XVI.<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></b></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Lilia M. Schwarcz. <i>Brasil: uma Biografia</i>)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A partir do texto e considerando a economia
açucareira e a civilização do açúcar, é correto assinalar: <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a cana
de açúcar era um produto autóctone, ou seja, nativo do Brasil e gradativamente
foi caindo no gosto dos portugueses e dos europeus, a partir do século
XVI; </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
produção e comercialização do açúcar ocorreram sob a influência do livre-cambismo
em que se baseou o empreendimento colonial português; </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
metrópole estabeleceu o monopólio real, porém a comercialização do açúcar passou
para os porões dos navios holandeses, que acabaram por assumir parte substancial
do tráfego entre Brasil e Europa; </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">os
portugueses mantiveram um rigoroso monopólio sobre o processo de produção e
refinação do açúcar, só permitindo a participação de estrangeiros na comercialização
do produto; </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">para
implantação da indústria canavieira no Brasil, o projeto colonizador luso precisava
contar com mão de obra compulsória e abundante, dada a extensão do território
e por isso sempre privilegiou a utilização dos nativos, cuja captura proporcionava
grandes lucros para a coroa. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">14. (Famerp 2019) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O sistema de <i>plantation</i>, predominante na
colonização portuguesa do Brasil, baseou-se na <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">produção
agrícola voltada à subsistência e ao comércio local. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">exportação
dos excedentes agrícolas não consumidos internamente. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">aplicação
de moderna tecnologia europeia à agricultura. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">rotação
de culturas em pequenas propriedades rurais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">monocultura
extensiva com emprego de trabalho compulsório. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">15. (Ufrgs 2019) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sobre as atividades econômicas e a mão de obra na
América Portuguesa, entre os séculos XVI e XVII, é correto afirmar que a
produção <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">era
voltada exclusivamente para o mercado externo, restrita ao cultivo em <i>plantations</i>, e a mão de obra era
exclusivamente de indígenas e africanos escravizados. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">era
voltada para além do mercado externo, com diversas culturas ligadas ao mercado
interno, e a mão de obra era majoritariamente de escravizados, mas com a
presença de trabalhadores livres. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">era
voltada exclusivamente para o mercado interno, através do cultivo de itens de
subsistência, e a mão de obra era exclusivamente de indígenas e africanos
escravizados. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">não se
resumia ao mercado externo, com diversas culturas voltadas ao mercado interno,
e a mão de obra era exclusivamente de indígenas e africanos escravizados. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">era
voltada exclusivamente para o mercado externo, restrita ao cultivo em
plantations, e a mão de obra era majoritariamente de escravizados, mas com a
presença de trabalhadores livres. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> 16. (Espm 2018) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A colonização levou à exploração
do trabalho indígena e foi responsável por muita dizimação. É ainda na conta da
colonização que se deve pôr o recrudescimento das guerras indígenas, que, se
já existiam internamente, eram agora provocadas também pelos colonos, os quais
faziam aliados na mesma velocidade com que criavam inimigos. Havia nesse
contexto índios aldeados e aliados dos portugueses, e índios inimigos.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoHeader" style="margin-right: -.05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 35.4pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Uma das atribuições dos
índios aldeados era tomar parte nas guerras promovidas pelos portugueses
contra índios hostis e servir como povos estratégicos para impedir a entrada
de estrangeiros.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoHeader" style="margin-right: -.05pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 35.4pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os índios aldeados e
aliados foram mobilizados para expulsar os franceses de Villegagnon, o qual,
por sua vez se uniu a índios amigos que apoiaram a incursão francesa na baía
da Guanabara.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="right" class="MsoHeader" style="margin-right: 8.0pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 35.4pt; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 8pt;">(Lilia Moritz Schwarcz. <i>Brasil uma
Biografia</i>)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span class="CabealhoChar"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">A respeito
do texto é correto assinalar que: </span></b></span><span class="CabealhoChar"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">os indígenas aldeados e aliados dos portugueses, na guerra contra os
franceses de Villegagnon, eram os Tupinambás;
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">os indígenas aldeados e aliados dos portugueses, na guerra contra os
franceses de Villegagnon, eram os Araucanos;
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">os indígenas que apoiaram os franceses de Villegagnon foram os
Tapuias; </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">os
indígenas que apoiaram os franceses de Villegagnon foram os Tupinambás; </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">os indígenas que apoiaram os franceses de Villegagnon foram os Charruas.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">17. (Famema 2018) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Havia muito capital e muita riqueza entre os
lavradores de cana, alguns ligados por laços de sangue ou matrimônio aos
senhores de engenho. Havia também um bom número de mulheres, não raro viúvas,
participando da economia açucareira. Digno de nota até o fim do século XVIII,
contudo, era o fato de os lavradores de cana serem quase invariavelmente
brancos. Os negros e mulatos livres simplesmente não dispunham de créditos ou
capital para assumir os encargos desse tipo de agricultura.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Stuart Schwartz. “O Nordeste açucareiro no Brasil
Colonial”. <i>In</i>: João Luis R. Fragoso e Maria de Fátima Gouvêa (orgs). <i>O
Brasil Colonial</i>, vol 2, 2014.)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O excerto indica que a sociedade colonial
açucareira foi <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">organizada
em classes, cuja posição dependia de bens móveis. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">apoiada
no trabalho escravo, principalmente o dos lavradores de cana. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">baseada
na “limpeza de sangue”, portanto se proibia a miscigenação. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">determinada
pelos recursos financeiros, o que impedia a mobilidade. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">hierarquizada
por critérios diversos, tais como a etnia e riqueza. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">18. (Fuvest 2018) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A respeito dos espaços econômicos do açúcar e do
ouro no Brasil colonial, é correto afirmar: <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
pecuária no sertão nordestino surgiu em resposta às demandas de transporte da
economia mineradora. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
produção açucareira estimulou a formação de uma rede urbana mais ampla do que a
atividade aurífera. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O custo
relativo do frete dos metais preciosos viabilizou a interiorização da
colonização portuguesa. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A mão
de obra escrava indígena foi mais empregada na exploração do ouro do que na
produção de açúcar. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Ambas
as atividades produziram efeitos similares sobre a formação de um mercado
interno colonial. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">19. (Fgv 2018) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A agromanufatura da cana resultaria em outro
produto tão importante quanto o açúcar: a cachaça. Alambiques proliferaram ao
longo dos séculos coloniais. A comercialização da bebida afetava profundamente
a importação de vinhos de Portugal. Esse comércio era obrigatório, pois por
meio dos tributos pagos pelas cotas do vinho importado é que a Coroa pagava as
suas tropas na Colônia. A cachaça produzida aqui passou a concorrer com os
vinhos, com vantagens econômicas e culturais. Essa concorrência comercial entre
colônia e metrópole se estendeu para as praças negreiras e rotas de
comercialização de escravos na África portuguesa. A cachaça brasileira, por ser
a bebida preferida para os negócios de compra e venda de escravos africanos,
colocou em grande desvantagem a comercialização dos vinhos portugueses
remetidos à África. A longa queda de braço mercantil acabou favorecendo afinal
a cachaça, porque sem ela, nada de escravos, nada de produção na Colônia, com
consequências graves para a arrecadação do reino.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Ana Maria da Silva Moura. Doce, amargo açúcar. <i>Nossa
História</i>, ano 3, nº 29, 2006. Adaptado)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A partir dessa breve história da cachaça no Brasil,
é correto afirmar que <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">essa
produção prejudicou os negócios relacionados ao açúcar, porque desviava parte
considerável da mão de obra e dos capitais, além de incentivar o tráfico
negreiro em detrimento do uso do trabalho compulsório indígena, que mais
interessava ao Estado português. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">esse
item motivou recorrentes conflitos entre as elites colonial e metropolitana,
condição em parte solucionada quando as regiões africanas fornecedoras de
escravos tornaram-se também produtoras de cachaça, o que desestimulou a sua
produção na América portuguesa. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">essa
bebida tem uma trajetória que comprova a ausência de domínio da metrópole sobre
a América portuguesa, porque as restrições ao comércio e à produção de
mercadorias no espaço colonial não surtiam efeitos práticos e coube aos senhores
de engenho impor a ordem na Colônia. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">esse
produto desrespeitava um princípio central nas relações que algumas metrópoles
europeias impunham aos seus espaços coloniais, nesse caso, a quebra do
monopólio de grupos mercantis do reino e a concorrência a produtos da
metrópole. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">essa
mercadoria recebeu um impulso importante, mesmo contrariando as determinações
metropolitanas, mas, gradativamente, perdeu a sua importância, em especial
quando o tabaco e os tecidos de algodão assumiram a função de moeda de troca
por escravos na África. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">20. (Puccamp 2017) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Do Brasil descoberto
esperavam os portugueses a fortuna fácil de uma nova Índia. Mas o pau-brasil,
única riqueza brasileira de simples extração antes da “corrida do ouro” do
início do século </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">XVIII, nunca se pôde comparar aos preciosos
produtos do Oriente. (...) O Brasil dos primeiros tempos foi o objeto dessa
avidez colonial. A literatura que lhe corresponde é, por isso, de natureza
parcialmente superlativa. Seu protótipo é a carta célebre de Pero Vaz de
Caminha, o primeiro a enaltecer a maravilhosa fertilidade do solo.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(MERQUIOR, José Guilherme. De <i>Anchieta
a Euclides </i><i>− Breve história da literatura brasileira. </i>Rio de Janeiro: José Olympio,
1977, p. 3-4)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A colonização portuguesa,<i> </i>no século XVI, se valeu de algumas
estratégias para usufruir dos produtos economicamente rentáveis no território
brasileiro, e de medidas para viabilizar a ocupação e administração do mesmo.
São exemplos dessas estratégias e dessas medidas, respectivamente, <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
prática do escambo com os indígenas e a instituição de vice-reinos, comarcas,
vilas e freguesias. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
implementação do sistema de <i>plantation </i>no interior e a construção, por
ordem da Coroa, de extensas fortalezas e fortes. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
imposição de um vultoso pedágio aos navios corsários de distintas procedências
e a instalação de capitanias hereditárias. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
introdução da cultura da cana-de-açúcar com uso de trabalho compulsório e a
instituição de um governo geral. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o
comércio da produção das missões jesuíticas e a fundação da Companhia das
Índias Ocidentais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">21.
(Puccamp 2017) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Mais do que resultante de acasos e similares, como
aconteceu a muitos países, o Brasil é produto de uma obra. Em sua primeira
parte, feita à medida e semelhança do colonizador. Depois, conduzida pela
classe dominante dele herdeira, no melhor e sobretudo no pior da herança. O
sistema aí nascente projetou-se na história como um processo sem interrupção,
sem sequer solavancos. Escravocrata por tanto tempo, fez a abolição mais
conveniente à classe dominante, não aos ex-escravizados. A República trouxe
recusas superficiais ao Império, ficando a expansão republicana do poder e dos
direitos reduzida, no máximo, a farsas, a começar do método fraudador das
"eleições a bico de pena".<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">FREITAS, Jânio de. <i>Folha de S. Paulo</i>, 30/04/2017.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sobre a obra colonizadora, a que o texto de Jânio
de Freitas se refere, é correto afirmar que a <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">opção
pela implantação da economia açucareira, com base na grande propriedade rural e
no trabalho escravo, articula-se com o mecanismo de dominação colonial e com a
política mercantilista. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">colonização
se estabelece dentro dos padrões de povoamento e expansão religiosa, resultou
da expansão marítima dos países da Europa e se constituiu numa sociedade de
europeus sem miscigenação. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">exploração
econômica da colônia, com base na produção de açúcar, pretendeu impor a reserva
de mercado metropolitano por meio de um sistema de livre comércio que atingia
todas as riquezas coloniais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">escolha
pela produção açucareira na colônia objetivava demarcar os direitos de
exploração dos países ibéricos na América, tendo como elemento propulsor o
desenvolvimento da expansão comercial e marítima. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">existência,
na colônia recém descoberta, de uma estrutura produtiva já instalada pela
população nativa foi capaz de viabilizar uma efetiva exploração econômica
segundo os padrões da política mercantilista.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">22. (Espm 2016) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Quem vir na escuridade
da noite aquelas fornalhas tremendas perpetuamente ardentes, o ruído das
rodas, das cadeias, da gente toda da cor da mesma noite, trabalhando
vivamente, e gemendo tudo ao mesmo tempo sem momento de tréguas, nem de
descanso; quem vir enfim toda a máquina e aparato confuso e estrondoso daquela
Babilônia, não poderá duvidar, ainda que tenha visto Etnas e Vesúvios, que é
uma semelhança de inferno. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Padre Antonio Vieira. Citado por Lilia
Schwarcz e Heloisa Starling in <i>Brasil uma Biografia</i>)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A leitura do trecho deve ser relacionada com: <o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o
trabalho indígena na extração do pau-brasil;
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o trabalho
indígena na lavoura da cana-de-açúcar; </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o
trabalho de escravos negros africanos no engenho de cana-de-açúcar; </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o
trabalho de escravos negros africanos no garimpo, na mineração; </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o
trabalho de imigrantes italianos na lavoura cafeeira. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p>
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.portaldovestibulando.com/2023/01/brasil-colonia-economia-acucareira.html" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="55" data-original-width="266" height="55" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDoB6NJiflUT6Qfa0Kno1E1EYEUN7CJkgRYvRlc6p0qIaf0H1eERe4TfPs2PIFNjKRiFkYnvOuft6nAlqBLOghcBO0RhEIKrg-Lbg0nRYmGrM8ddP8XxHXo_S0RbRFVig0ZhXzBSSAnmypFIPXIER8gf7KO9AETZ10WmkHOPELqyg0F5BOZXhdwiMz0w/s1600/Gabarito.png" width="266" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/file/3j7igx2hi3t715a/História+-+Brasil+Colônia+-+Economia+Açucareira.pdf/file" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb2hKUWI_VFaVbLumrRjNMXaPiI-PdZOJV2Bb7VvtN_makocJfgXvEDQLRnsEuFpYSfv3kZGivSgcUET2rJvulPMnDmpvgioKGqXaMp0QL9-7yFJPybBIOESySlZn-ZYgfCyP2Ukml-caoDtmqpfjPhfrIBiwsDYnAS9y2M2EciCPtVyOyWKn16qO1vQ/s1600/Lista%20de%20exerc%C3%ADcios.png" width="275" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p>Portal do Vestibulandohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03466686065222700679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5538522159417475835.post-17953082553385887892023-01-22T17:36:00.004-04:002023-01-22T17:37:51.438-04:00Relações Ecológicas: Harmônicas e Desarmônicas – Lista de Exercícios - Simulado<p> </p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">1.
(Pucpr 2023) </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Observe a charge e responda a seguir.</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggYPto4GVouy7pWFBrsdl-lZFw44kqko2nGhO50O9Ot_2VbfX1IT8jNyMf3O0vTs9K5Sh7Th9jxLwc-W3RNRu79b1ogkeqP27MAFlGqIiFvKw6zN5w32xdqr9pJEJDlGVERwZKOeEY-m1Jk4rn1uo2-QnfxqNl7q16y4BB8H9pBnwZQ2BwkTuHdGS2gw/s600/1.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="351" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggYPto4GVouy7pWFBrsdl-lZFw44kqko2nGhO50O9Ot_2VbfX1IT8jNyMf3O0vTs9K5Sh7Th9jxLwc-W3RNRu79b1ogkeqP27MAFlGqIiFvKw6zN5w32xdqr9pJEJDlGVERwZKOeEY-m1Jk4rn1uo2-QnfxqNl7q16y4BB8H9pBnwZQ2BwkTuHdGS2gw/s16000/1.png" /></a></b></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O uso excessivo de agrotóxicos está associado à
morte dos principais agentes polinizadores, as abelhas. A morte das abelhas,
por sua vez, impacta a reprodução das plantas, especialmente as</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">briófitas.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">algas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">pteridófitas.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">gimnospermas.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">angiospermas.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">2. (Fcmscsp 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">É possível inferir que temos ao menos 250 vezes
mais microrganismos do que células em nosso corpo, interagindo em complexos
sistemas, que denominamos microbioma. Mas o que isso significa? O mapeamento da
distribuição de germes, principalmente bactérias nos órgãos e sistemas aponta
que existem padrões. Ou seja, há uma <u>interdependência entre o ser humano e
sua flora</u> (1), envolvendo mecanismos celulares e enzimáticos. Sem nosso
microbioma, não sobreviveríamos. Nossa saúde pode ser afetada se houver um
desequilíbrio desse microbioma conosco, pela contaminação por <u>microrganismos
invasores que podem sobrepujar a nossa microbiota natural</u> (2). Estamos
dando os passos iniciais na descoberta deste impressionante ecossistema.
Sabemos que <u>algumas doenças</u> (3) estão relacionadas ao desequilíbrio
nesta interação (disbiose), mas ainda não sabemos como manipular a flora para
tratar determinadas doenças humanas.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Esper Kállas. “<i>Hospedeiros de
micro-organismos</i>”. Folha de S.Paulo, 08.06.2022. Adaptado.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No excerto, os trechos sublinhados, 1, 2 e 3,
referem-se, respectivamente, a interações ecológicas entre diferentes espécies de
organismos, denominadas: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">mutualismo,
competição e parasitismo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">amensalismo,
competição e protocooperação. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">mutualismo,
canibalismo e sociedade. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">comensalismo,
antibiose e predatismo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">parasitismo,
comensalismo e amensalismo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">3. (Fuvest 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os gráficos mostram a variação da biomassa de duas
populações (A e B) de uma planta herbácea ao longo da sucessão primária. Em
ambos os casos, em um dado momento indicado no gráfico, ocorre a chegada de
indivíduos de uma outra espécie que interagem com essa planta na comunidade.</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUUx1-fzO2WerWYB2vYwY016pLAfkJCjnuLWoBa1zOyWUdEvDUJz8-0WEZAmgUR0aG1hZOiyVgzHVh7Vub52DCmMF9tnzWHqN5k9n1RvvmJaXEwK1JhXSlt1ssXUNnJc8ULQCHt1RV8waG3KgeyYM4XshhHREd1TFZdkKScUNjlDEe1idCOuE5jifbHQ/s600/3.%20Os%20dois%20tipos%20de%20interagentes%20que%20poderiam%20causar%20os%20efeitos%20representados%20nos%20gr%C3%A1ficos%20para%20as%20popula%C3%A7%C3%B5es%20A%20e%20B.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="269" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUUx1-fzO2WerWYB2vYwY016pLAfkJCjnuLWoBa1zOyWUdEvDUJz8-0WEZAmgUR0aG1hZOiyVgzHVh7Vub52DCmMF9tnzWHqN5k9n1RvvmJaXEwK1JhXSlt1ssXUNnJc8ULQCHt1RV8waG3KgeyYM4XshhHREd1TFZdkKScUNjlDEe1idCOuE5jifbHQ/s16000/3.%20Os%20dois%20tipos%20de%20interagentes%20que%20poderiam%20causar%20os%20efeitos%20representados%20nos%20gr%C3%A1ficos%20para%20as%20popula%C3%A7%C3%B5es%20A%20e%20B.png" /></a></b></div><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os dois tipos de interagentes que poderiam causar
os efeitos representados nos gráficos para as populações A e B,
respectivamente, são <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">um
competidor e um herbívoro. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">um
parasita e um comensal. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">um
competidor e um parasita. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">um
mutualista e um herbívoro. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">um
comensal e um mutualista. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">4. (Uece 2022) </span></b><b><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Relacione, corretamente, as interações ecológicas
apresentadas a seguir com algumas de suas características, numerando os
parênteses abaixo de acordo com a seguinte indicação:</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">
<span style="background: white; color: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">1. Sociedade; </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><br />
<span style="background: white; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">2.
Parasitismo; </span><br />
<span style="background: white; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">3. Colônia;
</span><br />
<span style="background: white; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">4. Amensalismo</span></span><span style="background: white; color: black; mso-color-alt: windowtext;">.</span><span style="background: white;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 6pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 25.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 25.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -25.5pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(</span><span style="background: white; color: white; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-themecolor: background1;">aa</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">) Os indivíduos de uma mesma espécie cooperam entre
si e estabelecem divisão de trabalhos.</span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 25.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 25.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -25.5pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(</span><span style="background: white; color: white; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-themecolor: background1;">aa</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">) Um dos indivíduos retira do organismo de outro
nutrientes para sua sobrevivência.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 25.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 25.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -25.5pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(</span><span style="background: white; color: white; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-themecolor: background1;">aa</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">) Um indivíduo secreta substâncias que inibem ou
impedem o desenvolvimento de outro.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 25.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 25.5pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -25.5pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(</span><span style="background: white; color: white; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-themecolor: background1;">aa</span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">) Os indivíduos de uma mesma espécie vivem juntos e
podem apresentar ou não divisão de trabalhos.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A sequência correta, de cima
para baixo, é:</span></b><b><span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;">a) 1, 4, 3, 2. <br />b) 1, 2, 4, 3. <br />c) 4, 3, 2, 1. <br />d) 3, 2, 1, 4. <br /></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">5. (Fmp 2020) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: ArialMT; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As micorrizas desempenham um papel importante
na melhoria da textura do solo e são consideradas importantes agentes
biológicos para agregação de diversos tipos de solo. O micélio do fungo
desempenha uma relação ecológica mutualística com as raízes vivas das plantas.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: ArialMT; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os fungos
interagem com o tecido da raiz e promovem a(o) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">quimiossíntese
de carboidratos para a árvore </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">conversão
de nitratos do solo em nitrogênio molecular </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">aumento
da capacidade de absorção da planta </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">fixação de nitrogênio atmosférico para o
vegetal </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">decréscimo
da ação decompositora de excretas nitrogenados </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">6. (Upe-ssa 3 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Em 2014, a Agência Nacional Atmosférica e Oceânica
(NOAA) dos Estados Unidos alertou para o risco de um novo ciclo global de
branqueamento de corais, que poderia durar mais de dois anos. As previsões se
confirmaram ao longo de 2015, com relatos de branqueamento em massa nas várias
regiões do Índico e do Pacífico.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Em 2016, a ameaça chegou a Abrolhos, entre o sul da
Bahia e o norte do Espírito Santo, cuja área de 46 mil quilômetros quadrados é
considerada a de maior biodiversidade marinha do Atlântico Sul. Abriga uma
série de ecossistemas recifais, com espécies e configurações estruturais
únicas. Em maio, conforme previsão da agência americana, os pesquisadores
encontraram águas superaquecidas e uma quantidade imensa de corais branqueados,
espalhados por todo o Banco dos Abrolhos. (figura a seguir)</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3fcQXmxss9RGQjqEijJ0VTDLHPyKl-riv03xB-KjmQk82NLg0aHsAAEEMH9yY2EZmky3p3l2DlG0QJh7wnc1r8wKTLTx1LC-Fv7zV7qRtWbT6pQZgcUWTKF9TTBnGwd2CxjYgJ6dIP7syFty-KWgVAoH_y5SJNiEFc1TLUfQhnwg-rHY0ced-TzrfVg/s917/6.%20Quanto%20%C3%A0s%20mudan%C3%A7as%20na%20rela%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20entre%20os%20seres%20vivos%20associados%20ao%20fen%C3%B4meno%20de%20branqueamento.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="917" data-original-width="612" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3fcQXmxss9RGQjqEijJ0VTDLHPyKl-riv03xB-KjmQk82NLg0aHsAAEEMH9yY2EZmky3p3l2DlG0QJh7wnc1r8wKTLTx1LC-Fv7zV7qRtWbT6pQZgcUWTKF9TTBnGwd2CxjYgJ6dIP7syFty-KWgVAoH_y5SJNiEFc1TLUfQhnwg-rHY0ced-TzrfVg/s16000/6.%20Quanto%20%C3%A0s%20mudan%C3%A7as%20na%20rela%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20entre%20os%20seres%20vivos%20associados%20ao%20fen%C3%B4meno%20de%20branqueamento.png" /></a></b></div><div style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">https://infograficos.estadao.com.br/ Acesso em: 16 ago. 2021.</span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 8pt;"> </span></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Quanto às mudanças na relação entre os seres vivos
associados ao fenômeno de branqueamento, assinale a alternativa CORRETA. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Perda da
relação de comensalismo, quando as algas abandonam os corais, por não receberem
nutrientes suficientes para seu crescimento. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Perda da
relação de protocooperação entre algas e corais que fornecem abrigo para algas,
numa relação de dependência. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Perda da
associação simbiótica entre os corais e as microalgas, as quais fornecem
energia adicional aos corais através da fotossíntese. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Perda da
associação de inquilinismo, quando as algas são expulsas pelos corais, por
produzirem substâncias tóxicas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Perda da
associação intraespecífica entre algas e corais, criando dependência quanto à
obtenção de alimento. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">7. (Famerp 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A acácia-de-espigas, uma das plantas invasoras que
causam mais impactos negativos no litoral português, produz milhares de
sementes anualmente, que vão se acumulando no solo por várias décadas,
promovendo a rápida invasão de áreas. Para realizar um controle natural,
pesquisadores utilizaram o inseto australiano <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae</i>, cuja função é colocar ovos nas
gemas florais e vegetativas da acácia-de-espigas, estruturas nas quais se
formariam as flores ou novos ramos. Dessa forma, o inseto australiano consegue
diminuir a capacidade reprodutiva da planta e, consequentemente, diminui a
invasão de novas áreas.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(www.natgeo.pt.
Adaptado.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A relação ecológica
entre os insetos australianos e a acácia-de-espigas é denominada </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">amensalismo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">comensalismo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">competição
interespecífica. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">parasitismo.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">predatismo.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">8. (Albert Einstein - Medicina 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Dinitroanilinas são uma família de herbicidas que
interagem com as tubulinas beta, impedindo-as de se associar às tubulinas alfa,
ambas existentes no citoplasma das células vegetais. Essa interferência causada
por esses herbicidas prejudica uma planta daninha porque pode afetar </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
absorção de luz pela clorofila. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o
transporte de seiva bruta. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o
movimento por ciclose dos cloroplastos no citoplasma. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">as
mitoses na região meristemática. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
condensação dos cromossomos autossomos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">9. (Fcmscsp 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Neste exato momento, ao menos 41 espécies invasoras
de peixes estão usando todos os recursos que a evolução lhes concedeu para
invadir os rios da Amazônia. Detalhes sobre a situação, uma “ameaça
silenciosa”, como a qualificam os cientistas, acabam de ser publicados no
periódico especializado <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Frontiers in
Ecology and Evolution</i>. Entre as más notícias, além do número de espécies
invasoras em si e do fato de que o Brasil é o segundo país mais afetado
(estamos atrás apenas da Colômbia), está a velocidade aparentemente crescente
do processo. Dos 1 314 registros de peixes “alienígenas”, 75% vêm dos últimos
20 anos.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Reinaldo José Lopes. “Peixes-piratas da
Amazônia”. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Folha de S.Paulo</i>,
27.06.2021. Adaptado.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Com relação à situação descrita, a introdução de
espécies invasoras prejudica a biodiversidade local porque elas podem </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">atuar
como presas ou predadores em potencial de várias espécies nativas e passarem a
ocupar o primeiro nível trófico. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">transportar
micro-organismos, que poderiam parasitar as espécies nativas, as quais seriam
afetadas por não terem defesas naturais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">reduzir
ou eliminar espécies nativas por exterminarem todos os produtores das teias
alimentares. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ocupar o
mesmo nível trófico das espécies nativas, reduzindo a reciclagem de energia nas
cadeias alimentares. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">encontrar
condições abióticas ideais para sobrevivência e aumentar os nichos ecológicos
das espécies nativas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">10. (Uema 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Uma nuvem de gafanhotos esteve na Argentina durante
os meses de maio a junho de 2020, ocasionando sérios problemas às lavouras.
Segundo o Serviço Nacional de Sanidade e Qualidade Agroalimentar do país
(Senasa), 87% dos insetos foram eliminados com pulverizações aéreas e terrestres
de inseticidas (agrotóxicos que controlam a proliferação de insetos). Mesmo
após a ação, restaram aproximadamente 50 milhões de insetos que permaneceram na
divisa entre o Uruguai e a cidade gaúcha de Barra do Quaraí, divisa com o
Brasil. O Ministério da Agricultura, no Brasil, autorizou a importação de
agrotóxicos não aprovados para certas culturas, com o intuito de banir os
insetos.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Em 08 de dezembro de 2020, foi publicado, no Rio
Grande do Sul, um relatório de monitoramento de surto de gafanhotos, mostrando
o raio de ação de 30 km em municípios atingidos, pontos de levantamento da
infestação com a densidade de incidência, visando ao controle da praga,
conforme indicado na figura.</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf_wMu9lUxuWMA-EAz1z9SmCuzvZ5JleBn8954fpa-k7U1fD1jU9GIIrefnSZamsH-nCZRWmieZ09WN3_1P9c7-8UeRdXXqS5xUnk8SfJPSB1Vx5jvUNcs4-3MI2xcO9j7xWGb2MzN3VcU_6q00IdxB5NLVQn8lS3KAM1XZXhXxQG0-kfKOPpMq1-zTQ/s606/10.%20Uma%20nuvem%20de%20gafanhotos%20esteve%20na%20Argentina%20durante%20os%20meses%20de%20maio%20a%20junho%20de%202020.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="488" data-original-width="606" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf_wMu9lUxuWMA-EAz1z9SmCuzvZ5JleBn8954fpa-k7U1fD1jU9GIIrefnSZamsH-nCZRWmieZ09WN3_1P9c7-8UeRdXXqS5xUnk8SfJPSB1Vx5jvUNcs4-3MI2xcO9j7xWGb2MzN3VcU_6q00IdxB5NLVQn8lS3KAM1XZXhXxQG0-kfKOPpMq1-zTQ/s16000/10.%20Uma%20nuvem%20de%20gafanhotos%20esteve%20na%20Argentina%20durante%20os%20meses%20de%20maio%20a%20junho%20de%202020.png" /></a></b></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Pode-se afirmar em relação aos agrotóxicos que </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">suas
potentes substâncias transgênicas tóxicas são utilizadas em plantações diversas
na agricultura, em escala mundial. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">seu uso
indevido pode causar desequilíbrio nas populações de abelhas, por serem
expostas a diferentes substâncias químicas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o uso
eficiente do hipoclorito de sódio (água sanitária) é considerado produto
químico capaz de removê-los. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o hábito
de lavagem ou de remoção de cascas de frutas e de legumes é bastante eficaz na
sua remoção para a proteção humana. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
policultura de diversas espécies vegetais propicia condições favoráveis para a
existência de pragas a serem debeladas pelos produtos químicos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">11. (Fmc 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os vírus precisam utilizar moléculas e organelas da
célula hospedeira para sintetizar as suas proteínas e amplificar o seu material
genético.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Por esse tipo de interação ecológica, os vírus são,
obrigatoriamente, considerados: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">predadores
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">mutualistas
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">simbiontes
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">comensais
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">parasitas
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">12. (Unioeste 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As formigas nectarívoras são insetos que se
alimentam de néctar e, por isso, acabam protegendo sua fonte de alimento de
outros animais, tornando-se uma possível substituta aos agrotóxicos. (...)
Normalmente, formigas como a saúva são tidas como pragas nas plantações. Essas
espécies costumam danificar as folhas das plantas, que servem de substrato para
que produzam fungos e se alimentem deles. Entretanto, espécies como a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ectatomma tuberculatum</i> e a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Camponotus crassus</i>, por exemplo,
alimentam-se do néctar das plantas, tendo preferência por aquelas produzidas
fora das flores. A relação entre as espécies ocorre da seguinte forma: as
plantas atraem as formigas com o seu néctar. As formigas utilizam o néctar como
alimento e, em troca, protegem as plantas de outros invasores.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 7pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">AUN - Agência Universitária de Notícias -
USP. 26 jun. 2019. Disponível em:
http://www.usp.br/aun/index.php/2019/06/26/mutualismo-entre-formigas-e-plantas-pode-ser-solucao-para-agrotoxicos/.
Acesso em 25 fev. 2021.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale a alternativa que descreve o nome e o
conceito CORRETO da relação ecológica exemplificada no texto acima. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O texto
descreve a relação de competição interespecífica, na qual dois indivíduos da
mesma espécie competem por um determinado recurso. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O texto
descreve a relação de mutualismo interespecífico, na qual indivíduos de
diferentes espécies podem se beneficiar da relação estabelecida entre eles. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O texto
descreve a relação de comensalismo intraespecífica, na qual dois ou mais
indivíduos de espécies diferentes se beneficiam com as sobras alimentares de um
indivíduo de outra espécie. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O texto
descreve a relação de protocooperação intraespecífica, na qual indivíduos da
mesma espécie se adaptam uns aos outros em troca de benefícios mútuos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O texto
descreve a relação de predação interespecífica, na qual indivíduos de
diferentes espécies se alimentam de partes um do outro em busca de proteção de
um terceiro indivíduo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">13. (Ufpr 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A mosca-branca secreta uma substância chamada
melada, que é rica em carboidratos. Um estudo realizado em uma plantação de
mandioca relata interações entre formigas, abelhas sem ferrão e moscas-brancas
secretoras de melada. Nessas interações, as formigas se beneficiam da melada e,
em troca, protegem as moscas-brancas contra seus predadores naturais. Em
períodos de escassez alimentar, abelhas sem ferrão consomem a melada, mas não
oferecem proteção às moscas. As abelhas escolhem moscas-brancas localizadas em
folhas de mandioca sem formigas para buscar pela melada, e quando as formigas
percebem sua presença, exibem comportamento agressivo e espantam as abelhas das
folhas. Considerando as interações ecológicas entre moscas-brancas, formigas e
abelhas sem ferrão, é correto afirmar: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As
formigas são predadoras das abelhas sem ferrão, das moscas-brancas e das folhas
de mandioca. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Abelhas
sem ferrão têm relação de comensalismo com as moscas-brancas e de competição
com as formigas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Abelhas
sem ferrão e formigas têm relação de competição entre si e de mutualismo com as
moscas-brancas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Abelhas
sem ferrão e formigas são predadores das moscas-brancas e das folhas de
mandioca. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Formigas
têm relação de comensalismo com as moscas-brancas e de predação com as abelhas
sem ferrão. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">14. (Upf 2021)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG_b2BfFwLLH1fRGm8YpHtHPvIyt_raczJ1hVQ_xXrFm-4AWTYQuSbPDo-nWAHMxxqmIIhZmavShqgSGL52bR5VSFVr5mbC3pYH1Mxw3BvpJ6XCHWsORXSrBpYwXAE74kBdmC2ZyYjhwmeAjFTBbKUER8-KsP8OjG0lUTgYpx-jg5Jk1fdsJ131JjT2Q/s527/14.%20rela%C3%A7%C3%B5es%20ecol%C3%B3gicas.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="527" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgG_b2BfFwLLH1fRGm8YpHtHPvIyt_raczJ1hVQ_xXrFm-4AWTYQuSbPDo-nWAHMxxqmIIhZmavShqgSGL52bR5VSFVr5mbC3pYH1Mxw3BvpJ6XCHWsORXSrBpYwXAE74kBdmC2ZyYjhwmeAjFTBbKUER8-KsP8OjG0lUTgYpx-jg5Jk1fdsJ131JjT2Q/s16000/14.%20rela%C3%A7%C3%B5es%20ecol%C3%B3gicas.png" /></a></b></div><b><br />
</b><b><span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Imagem_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 152.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 265.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
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</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No diagrama acima, a que tipos de relações
ecológicas correspondem os números de 1 a 5, respectivamente? </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Inquilinismo,
competição interespecífica, colônia, sociedade, cooperação intraespecífica. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Parasitismo,
competição intraespecífica, inquilinismo, colônia, sociedade. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Epifitismo,
predatismo, sociedade, colônia, competição intraespecífica. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Simbiose,
cooperação interespecífica, parasitismo, sociedade, inquilinismo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Mutualismo,
sociedade, competição intraespecífica, sociedade, simbiose. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">15. (Enem PPL 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Probióticos são microrganismos vivos utilizados na
promoção da saúde, uma vez que ajudam na reposição da microbiota intestinal. No
entanto, recomendações médicas indicam que probióticos de origem bacteriana não
devem ser consumidos ao mesmo tempo que antibióticos, sendo necessário um
intervalo entre a ingestão de um e outro.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O consumo concomitante desses promotores da saúde
poderá causar a </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">obstrução
do fluxo intestinal. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">anulação
do efeito dos antibióticos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">intoxicação
pelo excesso dos fármacos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">desorganização
do sistema imunológico. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">redução
da densidade de bactérias simbióticas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.portaldovestibulando.com/2023/01/relacoes-ecologicas-harmonicas-e.html" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="55" data-original-width="266" height="55" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-KUkPN3X13pj3XiT3IQ52ApPFP5GbpQdHOm8FMqfzMh16lTu5PL1_AXFRqP9YEdVcTP6rEubKGg6SAJcf04Vp_59PS1BFybuu3ygt7aJzX_m7Nbbigj_DI2_y_NXQj5GUYNCwPDfqVq4gXjJ1lnlPZXqBjrSrMBYDHDlc6OPArjV0Vxzt1NA-UYIi9A/s1600/Gabarito.png" width="266" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/file/1upvzf3zy4qcrjz/Biologia+-+Relações+Ecológicas+Harmônicas+e+Desarmônicas.pdf/file" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfeYkiInF6ilTOgtnc5_-Zanqo8-bNc1PK29gUJ_Z5y--TYI9URXAItCsSzre5FEJE_ghd4emECxMgWyT4aX7NsKenbEbb6CuTavk_nXHE0EKo-2WYyEo2kPBtkFiyjteOJix15qvP2Ox4fL1oiDEF40lekB54ALgPTlw9H9hxYk1Rb-nFv_3JTZg8KQ/s1600/Lista%20de%20exerc%C3%ADcios.png" width="275" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><p></p>Portal do Vestibulandohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03466686065222700679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5538522159417475835.post-89800605342140638962023-01-22T16:52:00.003-04:002023-01-22T16:57:42.695-04:00Empirismo Britânico: Thomas Hobbes - Lista de Exercícios - Simulado<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7LCADcNq0lx7ohf9AX935zocL9Q1t7yiUNtSlVv6EWkIXnOgAjb1vAx3ReN8jDfVUnxh0Rjatl9z8BBjrwK5Jb8r9O9kFIiDyrNrLALOvxJr5-KCli0V9h5OiZ5ErK8NfH5cDoT0_ER9Ndj4RfDkqajd9mMgNEOcG-72IfMPhwxoPMjL5ao-8xKgnNw/s653/Thomas%20Hobbes.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="653" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7LCADcNq0lx7ohf9AX935zocL9Q1t7yiUNtSlVv6EWkIXnOgAjb1vAx3ReN8jDfVUnxh0Rjatl9z8BBjrwK5Jb8r9O9kFIiDyrNrLALOvxJr5-KCli0V9h5OiZ5ErK8NfH5cDoT0_ER9Ndj4RfDkqajd9mMgNEOcG-72IfMPhwxoPMjL5ao-8xKgnNw/s16000/Thomas%20Hobbes.png" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">1.
(Uece 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“Hobbes parte do estado de natureza, no qual não
existiria lei, não existiria indústria humana, não existiria nada, e o homem é o
lobo do próprio homem; e pelo fato de o homem ser antissocial por natureza, só
se torna possível ele viver em sociedade com um Estado extremamente forte. Com Locke,
a coisa é diferente. Locke diz que o homem não é um ser rebelde à vida
política. No estado de natureza, mesmo com ausência de Estado, mesmo com ausência
de leis, existe uma vida econômica que torna possível a integração dos
indivíduos entre si. Então o Estado nasce para complementar, para tornar
possível essa sociabilidade originária, que é a sociabilidade de mercado”.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">TEIXEIRA, F. J. S. Liberalismo clássico e neoliberalismo: Duas faces da mesma
moeda?. Curso on line, aula 02, em 12.09.2022. Disponível em: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TA9MUFoRtOo&t=2009s.
Acesso em: 9 out. 2022. (Texto adaptado)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Essas
duas concepções políticas são </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ambas liberais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ambas absolutistas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">absolutista, a primeira, e liberal, a segunda. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">liberal, a primeira, e absolutista, a segunda. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">2.
(Unesp 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">É como se cada homem dissesse a cada homem: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Autorizo e transfiro o meu direito de me
governar a mim mesmo a este homem, ou a esta assembleia de homens, com a condição
de transferires para ele o teu direito, autorizando de uma maneira semelhante
todas as suas ações.</i> Feito isso, à multidão assim unida numa só pessoa se
chama Estado.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Thomas Hobbes. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Leviatã</i>, 2003.
Adaptado.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No
texto, o autor expressa sua teoria sobre a origem do Estado. Nessa teoria, o
Estado tem sua origem na <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">atribuição de um poder absoluto ao soberano. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">criação de leis aplicáveis ao povo e ao governante. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">instituição de um governo pelos mais sábios. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">manipulação do povo pelos chefes de Estado. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">gestão do coletivo no estado de natureza. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">3.
(Upe-ssa 3 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Renunciar ao direito a alguma coisa é o mesmo que
privar se da liberdade de negar ao outro o benefício de seu próprio direito à
mesma coisa. Pois quem abandona ou renuncia a seu direito não dá a qualquer
outro homem um direito que esse já não tivesse antes, porque não há nada a que
um homem não tenha direito por natureza; mas apenas se afasta do caminho do
outro, para que ele possa gozar de seu direito original, sem que haja
obstáculos da sua parte, mas não sem que haja obstáculos da parte dos outros.
De modo que a consequência que redunda para um homem da desistência de outro a
seu direito é simplesmente uma diminuição equivalente dos impedimentos ao uso
de seu próprio direito original.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Hobbes, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Leviatã</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale
a alternativa CORRETA. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Nesse trecho, Hobbes lança o argumento que irá dar o fundamento jurídico
para a constituição do Estado. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O trecho de Leviatã, acima descrito, é parte essencial do argumento
necessário ao fundamento da propriedade privada. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Nessa passagem, temos a principal crítica de Hobbes ao jusnaturalismo de
Rousseau. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O trecho acima é o principal argumento de Hobbes para fundamentar a
ideia de que o homem é o lobo do próprio homem. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A passagem de Leviatã, acima descrita, está em consonância com a obra de
Locke e fundamenta o direito à propriedade a partir da renúncia individual de
um direito. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">4.
(Enem PPL 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Polemizando contra a tradicional tese aristotélica,
que via na sociedade o resultado de um instinto primordial, Hobbes sustenta que
no gênero humano, diferentemente do animal, não existe sociabilidade
instintiva. Entre os indivíduos não existe um amor natural, mas somente uma
explosiva mistura de temor e necessidade recíprocos que, se não fosse
disciplinada pelo Estado, originaria uma incontrolável sucessão de violências e
excessos.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">NICOLAU, U. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Antologia ilustrada de
filosofia:</i> das origens à Idade Moderna. São Paulo: Globo, 2005 (adaptado).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Referente
à constituição da sociedade civil, considere, respectiva mente, o correto
posicionamento de Aristóteles e Hobbes: <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Instrumento artificial para a realização da justiça e forma de
legitimação do exercício da coerção e da violência. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Realização das disposições naturais do homem e artifício necessário para
frear a natureza humana. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Resultado involuntário da ação de cada indivíduo e anulação dos impulsos
originários presentes na natureza humana. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Objetivação dos desejos da maioria e representação construída para
possibilitar as relações interpessoais. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Realização da razão e expressão da vontade dos governados. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">5.
(Uece 2020) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Atente para a seguinte citação que, em parte,
reflete a concepção hobbesiana sobre a origem do ordenamento social:</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“Devemos,
portanto, concluir que a origem de todas as grandes e duradouras sociedades não
provém da boa vontade recíproca que os homens tivessem uns para com os outros,
mas do medo recíproco que uns tinham dos outros”.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Hobbes. Thomas. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Do cidadão</i>.
São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 1992. P.32.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Com
base na citação acima e atentando para a compreensão que possuía Thomas Hobbes
a respeito da origem da sociedade, é correto afirmar que <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Hobbes, em concordância com os pensadores da antiguidade grega, entendia
a sociabilidade como da natureza humana, boa em sua origem, mas tornada má pela
corrupção dos valores. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Hobbes, diferente de Locke, não aceitava a distinção entre estado de
natureza e estado civil. Para ele, os indivíduos eram obrigados a se submeter a
um soberano e, assim, tornavam-se cidadãos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Hobbes, da mesma maneira que seus contemporâneos, entendia que o estado
de guerra de todos contra todos era determinado pelo absolutismo, pela
soberania absoluta que deveria ser combatida. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Hobbes defendia que a rivalidade de cada um com cada um era a condição
natural da humanidade. Uma nova arte política baseada na renúncia de direito
natural e no medo de punição foi a solução. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">6.
(Ufu 2020) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Leia o excerto do <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Leviatã</i> de Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679).</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“Desta
guerra de todos os homens contra todos os homens também isto é consequência:
que nada pode ser injusto. As noções de bem e mal, de justiça e de injustiça
não podem aí ter lugar. Onde não há poder comum não há lei, e onde não há lei
não há injustiça. A justiça e a injustiça não fazem parte das faculdades do
corpo ou do espírito. Se assim fosse, poderiam existir num homem que estivesse
sozinho no mundo, do mesmo modo que seus sentidos e paixões.”<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">HOBBES, Thomas. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Leviatã</i>: ou
matéria, forma e poder de um Estado eclesiástico e civil. Trad. João P.
Monteiro e Maria B. N. da Silva. São Paulo: Nova Cultural, 1988.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Do
excerto acima, depreende-se que</span></b></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;">I. no estado de natureza, existe moralidade. <br />II. a noção de que “o homem é o lobo do homem”. <br />III. o Estado já é tratado como poder político. <br />IV. o Pacto Social e o do Estado são necessários.</span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale
a alternativa que apresenta as afirmativas corretas.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Apenas I e II. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Apenas I e III. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Apenas II e IV. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Apenas III e IV. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">7.
(Uece 2020) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considerando a filosofia política contratualista de
Jean Jacques Rousseau, observe a seguinte passagem de sua obra:</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“O
verdadeiro fundador da sociedade civil foi o primeiro que, tendo cercado um
terreno, lembrou-se de dizer ‘isto é meu’ e encontrou pessoas suficientemente
simples para acreditá-lo. Quantos crimes, guerras assassínios misérias e
horrores não pouparia ao gênero humano aquele que, arrancando as estacas,
tivesse gritado aos semelhantes: ‘Defendei-vos de ouvir esse impostor’”.<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Rousseau, J.J. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Discurso sobre a
origem e os fundamentos da desigualdade entre os homens</i>. São Paulo. Abril
Cultural, 1978. P.259.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
filosofia política de Rousseau <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">seguiu a tradição contratualista de Locke e Hobbes, contudo sua ideia de
pacto fundamentou-se na noção de vontade geral, ponto de partida para a
cidadania, construída com base nas vontades particulares. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">fundamentou-se na visão absolutista de pacto originária do pensamento de
Thomas Hobbes, na qual uma sociedade livre só seria possível se comandada de
forma despótica. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">foi fortemente influenciada pelas concepções anarquistas do filósofo
francês Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, crítico severo da propriedade privada. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">tinha, a exemplo de John Locke, uma concepção positiva da propriedade
como elemento fundamental na consolidação do pacto social e da opinião geral. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">8.
(Enem PPL 2016) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A importância do argumento de Hobbes está em parte
no fato de que ele se ampara em suposições bastante plausíveis sobre as
condições normais da vida humana. Para exemplificar: o argumento não supõe que
todos sejam de fato movidos por orgulho e vaidade para buscar o domínio sobre
os outros; essa seria uma suposição discutível que possibilitaria a conclusão
pretendida por Hobbes, mas de modo fácil demais. O que torna o argumento
assustador e lhe atribui importância e força dramática é que ele acredita que
pessoas normais, até mesmo as mais agradáveis, podem ser inadvertidamente
lançadas nesse tipo de situação, que resvalará, então, em um estado de guerra.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">RAWLS, J. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Conferências sobre a
história da filosofia política. </i>São Paulo: WMF, 2012 (adaptado).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
texto apresenta uma concepção de filosofia política conhecida como <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">alienação ideológica. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">microfísica do poder. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">estado de natureza. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">contrato social. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">vontade geral. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">9.
(Enem 2015) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A natureza fez os homens tão iguais, quanto às
faculdades do corpo e do espírito, que, embora por vezes se encontre um homem
manifestamente mais forte de corpo, ou de espírito mais vivo do que outro,
mesmo assim, quando se considera tudo isto em conjunto, a diferença entre um e
outro homem não é suficientemente considerável para que um deles possa com base
nela reclamar algum benefício a que outro não possa igualmente aspirar.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">HOBBES,
T. </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: Times-Bold; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Leviatã</span></i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">. São Paulo Martins
Fontes, 2003</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Para
Hobbes, antes da constituição da sociedade civil, quando dois homens desejavam
o mesmo objeto, eles <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">entravam em conflito. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">recorriam aos clérigos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">consultavam os anciãos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">apelavam aos governantes. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">exerciam a solidariedade. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">10. (Uema 2015) Para Thomas Hobbes, os
seres humanos são livres em seu estado natural, competindo e lutando entre si,
por terem relativamente a mesma força. Nesse estado, o conflito se perpetua
através de gerações, criando um ambiente de tensão e medo permanente. Para esse
filósofo, a criação de uma sociedade submetida à Lei, na qual os seres humanos
vivam em paz e deixem de guerrear entre si, pressupõe que todos renunciem à sua
liberdade original. Nessa sociedade, a liberdade individual é delegada a um só
dos homens que detém o poder inquestionável, o soberano.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Fonte: MALMESBURY, Thomas Hobbes
de. <i>Leviatã ou matéria</i>, forma e poder de um estado eclesiástico e
civil. Trad. João Paulo Monteiro; Maria Beatriz Nizza da Silva. São Paulo:
Editora NOVA Cultural, 1997.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A teoria política de Thomas Hobbes teve
papel fundamental na construção dos sistemas políticos contemporâneos que
consolidou a (o)</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) Monarquia Paritária. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) Despotismo Soberano. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Monarquia Republicana. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Monarquia Absolutista. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) Despotismo Esclarecido. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">11. (Unesp 2014) A China é a
segunda maior economia do mundo. Quer garantir a hegemonia no seu quintal, como
fizeram os Estados Unidos no Caribe depois da guerra civil. As Filipinas temem
por um atol de rochas desabitado que disputam com a China. O Japão está de
plantão por umas ilhotas de pedra e vento, que a China diz que lhe pertencem.
Mesmo o Vietnã desconfia mais da China do que dos Estados Unidos. As
autoridades de Hanói gostam de lembrar que o gigante americano invadiu o México
uma vez. O gigante chinês invadiu o Vietnã dezessete.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(André Petry. O Século do
Pacífico. <i>Veja</i>, 24.04.2013. Adaptado.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A persistência histórica dos conflitos
geopolíticos descritos na reportagem pode ser filosoficamente compreendida pela
teoria</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) iluminista, que preconiza a possibilidade de um
estado de emancipação racional da humanidade. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) maquiavélica, que postula o encontro da virtude
com a fortuna como princípios básicos da geopolítica. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) política de Rousseau, para quem a submissão à
vontade geral é condição para experiências de liberdade. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) teológica de Santo Agostinho, que considera que
o processo de iluminação divina afasta os homens do pecado. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) política de Hobbes, que conceitua a competição e
a desconfiança como condições básicas da natureza humana. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">
12. (Ufpa 2013) “Desta guerra de todos os homens contra todos os homens também
isto é consequência: que nada pode ser injusto. As noções de bem e de mal, de
justiça e injustiça, não podem aí ter lugar. Onde não há poder comum não há
lei, e onde não há lei não há injustiça. Na guerra, a força e a fraude são as
duas virtudes cardeais. A justiça e a injustiça não fazem parte das faculdades
do corpo ou do espírito. Se assim fosse, poderiam existir num homem que
estivesse sozinho no mundo, do mesmo modo que seus sentidos e paixões.”</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">HOBBES, <i>Leviatã</i>, São Paulo:
Abril cultural, 1979, p. 77.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Quanto às justificativas de Hobbes
sobre a justiça e a injustiça como não pertencentes às faculdades do corpo e do
espírito, considere as afirmativas:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I. Justiça e injustiça são qualidades que pertencem
aos homens em sociedade, e não na solidão.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II. No estado de natureza, o homem é como um
animal: age por instinto, muito embora tenha a noção do que é justo e injusto.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III. Só podemos falar em justiça e injustiça quando
é instituído o poder do Estado.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">IV. O juiz responsável por aplicar a lei não decide
em conformidade com o poder soberano; ele favorece os mais fortes.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Estão corretas as afirmativas:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) I e II <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) I e III <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) II e IV <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) I, III e IV <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) II, III e IV </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">13. (Ufsj 2013) Thomas Hobbes
afirma que “Lei Civil”, para todo súdito, é</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) “construída por aquelas regras que o Estado lhe
impõe, oralmente ou por escrito, ou por outro sinal suficiente de sua vontade,
para usar como critério de distinção entre o bem e o mal”. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) “a lei que o deixa livre para caminhar para
qualquer direção, pois há um conjunto de leis naturais que estabelece os
limites para uma vida em sociedade”. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) “reguladora e protetora dos direitos humanos, e
faz intervenção na ordem social para legitimar as relações externas da vida do
homem em sociedade”. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) “calcada na arbitrariedade individual, em que as
pessoas buscam entrar num Estado Civil, em consonância com o direito natural,
no qual ele – o súdito – tem direito sobre a sua vida, a sua liberdade e os
seus bens”. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">14. (Ufu 2013) Porque as leis de
natureza (como a justiça, a equidade, a modéstia, a piedade, ou, em resumo,
fazer aos outros o que queremos que nos façam) por si mesmas, na ausência do
temor de algum poder capaz de levá-las a ser respeitadas, são contrárias a
nossas paixões naturais, as quais nos fazem tender para a parcialidade, o
orgulho, a vingança e coisas semelhantes.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">HOBBES, Thomas. <i>Leviatã</i>.
Cap. XVII. Tradução de João Paulo Monteiro e Maria Beatriz Nizza da Silva. São
Paulo: Nova Cultural, 1988, p. 103.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Em relação ao papel do Estado, Hobbes
considera que: </span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) O seu poder deve ser parcial. O soberano que
nasce com o advento do contrato social deve assiná-lo, para submeter-se aos
compromissos ali firmados. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) A condição natural do homem é de guerra de todos
contra todos. Resolver tal condição é possível apenas com um poder estatal
pleno. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Os homens são, por natureza, desiguais. Por
isso, a criação do Estado deve servir como instrumento de realização da
isonomia entre tais homens. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) A guerra de todos contra todos surge com o
Estado repressor. O homem não deve se submeter de bom grado à violência
estatal. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">15. (Ufsj 2012) “A honra do soberano
deve ser maior do que a de qualquer um, ou a de todos os seus súditos”.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale a alternativa que apresenta a
fundamentação para essa ideia preconizada por Thomas Hobbes.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) “A condição de súdito é muito miserável, mas
sujeita a uma superação, pois se encontra sujeita aos apetites e paixões
irregulares daquele ou daqueles que detêm em suas mãos poder tão ilimitado”.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) “É na soberania que está a fonte da honra”.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) “O Homem nunca pode deixar de ter uma ou outra
inconveniência e a maior que é possível cair sobre o povo em geral é de pouca
monta se comparada ao poder do soberano, que deve ser revitalizado de tempos em
tempos”. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) “Todos os homens são dotados de grandes lentes
de aumento; todo pagamento parece um imenso fardo, o que gera lamentos e
sofrimentos. Honra maior consiste em o soberano ter piedade e compreensão para
com tais falhas humanas e doar poderes aos infelizes”. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">16. (Ufu 2012) [...] a condição
dos homens fora da sociedade civil (condição esta que podemos adequadamente
chamar de estado de natureza) nada mais é do que uma simples guerra de todos
contra todos na qual todos os homens têm igual direito a todas as coisas;
[...].</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> HOBBES, Thomas. <i>Do
Cidadão</i>. Campinas: Martins Fontes, 1992.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">De acordo com o trecho acima e com o
pensamento de Hobbes, assinale a alternativa correta.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) Segundo Hobbes, o estado de natureza se confunde
com o estado de guerra, pois ambos são uma condição original da existência
humana. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) Para Hobbes, o direito dos homens a todas as
coisas está desvinculado da guerra de todos contra todos. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Segundo Hobbes, é necessário que a condição
humana seja analisada sempre como se os homens vivessem em sociedade.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Segundo Hobbes, não há vínculo entre o estado de
natureza e a sociedade civil. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">17. (Ufsj 2012) “Algumas criaturas
vivas, como as abelhas e as formigas, que vivem socialmente umas com as outras
[...] tendem para o benefício comum”.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Para Thomas Hobbes, essa tendência não
ocorre entre os homens porque</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) esses insetos, dentro da sua irracionalidade
natural, dão lições de conduta aos seres humanos; seja na tarefa diária, seja
na politização paradoxal do modelo comunista difundido por Joseph Stalin e Karl
Marx. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) as abelhas e as formigas têm a peculiaridade de
construir suas sociedades dentro de uma unidade dinâmica e circular, que
poderia ser bem definida como um contrato social se elas fossem humanas. Os
seres humanos não atingiram tal estágio ainda. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) estes estão constantemente envolvidos numa
competição pela honra e pela dignidade e se julgam uns mais sábios que outros
para exercer o poder público, reformam e inovam, o que muitas vezes leva o país
à desordem e à guerra civil. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) o motivo maior que guia a vida de tais criaturas
é a engrenagem da soberania da vontade de criar, da vontade de poder, retomada
por Nietzsche e pelo existencialismo. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">18. (Ufsj 2011) Sobre a ideia
de soberania concebida por Hobbes, é CORRETO afirmar que
a soberania:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) “se dá por meio do sufrágio universal, seja na
república ou na monarquia”. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) “é a manifestação da <i>virtù </i>como
condição indispensável no governo do príncipe”. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) “reside em um homem ou em uma assembleia de mais
de um”. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) “é a realização plena da paz perpétua entre as
nações”. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">19. (Uel 2011) Leia o texto a
seguir.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">
Justiça e Estado apresentam-se como elementos indissociáveis na filosofia
política hobbesiana. Ao romper com a concepção de justiça defendida pela
tradição aristotélico-escolástica. Hobbes propõe uma nova moralidade
relacionada ao poder político e sua constituição jurídica. O Estado surge pelo
pacto para possibilitar a justiça e, na conformidade com a lei, se sustenta por
meio dela. No Leviatã (caps. XIV-XV), a justiça hobbesiana fundamenta-se, em
última instância, na lei natural concernente à autoconservação, da qual deriva
a segunda lei que impõe a cada um a renúncia de seu direito a todas as coisas,
para garantir a paz e a defesa de si mesmo. Desta, por sua vez, implica a
terceira lei natural: que os homens cumpram os pactos que celebrarem. Segundo
Hobbes, “onde não há poder comum não há lei, e onde não há lei não há
injustiça. Na guerra, a força e a fraude são as duas virtudes cardeais”.</span></i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(HOBBES, T. <i>Leviatã.</i> Trad.
J. Monteiro e M. B. N. da Silva. São Paulo: Nova Cultural, 1997. Coleção Os
Pensadores, cap. XIII.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Com base no texto e nos conhecimentos
sobre o pensamento de Hobbes, é correto afirmar:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) A humanidade é capaz, sem que haja um poder coercitivo
que a mantenha submissa, de consentir na observância da justiça e das outras
leis de natureza a partir do pacto constitutivo do Estado. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) A justiça tem sua origem na celebração de pactos
de confiança mútua, pelos quais os cidadãos, ao renunciarem sua liberdade em
prol de todos, removem o medo de quando se encontravam na condição natural de
guerra. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) A justiça é definida como observância das leis
naturais e, portanto, a injustiça consiste na submissão ao poder coercitivo que
obriga igualmente os homens ao cumprimento dos seus pactos. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) As noções de justiça e de injustiça, como as de
bem e de mal, têm lugar a partir do momento em que os homens vivem sob um poder
soberano capaz de evitar uma condição de guerra generalizada de todos.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) A justiça torna-se vital para a manutenção do
Estado na medida em que as leis que a efetivam sejam criadas, por direito
natural, pelos súditos com o objetivo de assegurar solidariamente a paz e a
segurança de todos. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">20. (Unioeste 2011)</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> <b><i>“A natureza fez os homens tão iguais,
quanto às faculdades do corpo e do espírito que, embora por vezes se encontre
um homem manifestamente mais forte de corpo, ou de espírito mais vivo do que
outro, mesmo assim, quando se considera tudo isto em conjunto, a diferença
entre um e outro não é suficientemente considerável para que qualquer um possa
com base nela reclamar qualquer benefício a que outro não possa também aspirar,
tal como ele. (...) Desta igualdade quanto à capacidade deriva a igualdade
quanto à esperança de atingirmos nossos fins. Portanto, se dois homens desejam
a mesma coisa, ao mesmo tempo (...) esforçam-se por se destruir ou subjugar um
ao outro. (...) Com isto se torna manifesto que, durante o tempo em que os
homens vivem sem um poder comum capaz de manter a todos em respeito, eles se
encontram naquela condição a que se chama de guerra; e uma guerra que é de
todos os homens contra todos os homens”.</i></b> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Hobbes.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Com base no texto citado, seguem as
seguintes afirmativas:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I. Os homens, por natureza, são absolutamente
iguais, tanto no exercício de suas capacidades físicas, quanto no exercício de
suas faculdades espirituais.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II. Sendo os homens, por natureza, “tão iguais,
quanto às faculdades do corpo e do espírito” é razoável que cada um ataque o
outro, quer seja para destruí-lo, quer seja para proteger-se de um possível
ataque.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III. Na inexistência de um “poder comum” que
“mantenha a todos em respeito”, a atitude mais racional é a de manter a paz e a
concórdia na “esperança” de que todos e cada um atinjam seus fins.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">IV. A condição dos homens que vivem sem um poder
comum é de guerra generalizada, de todos contra todos.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">V. O homem, por natureza, vive em sociedade e nela
desenvolve suas potencialidades, mantendo relações sociais harmônicas e
pacíficas.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale a alternativa correta.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) Apenas I está correta. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) Apenas II e III estão corretas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Apenas I e V estão corretas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Apenas II e IV estão corretas. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) Todas as afirmativas estão corretas.
<o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.portaldovestibulando.com/2023/01/empirismo-britanico-thomas-hobbes-lista.html" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="55" data-original-width="266" height="55" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjudKaEzHr7b3dxVWgenzBE0XIE6pjesfHf_be6091FxcsC1nZdc_9uANLzuPVfbU4d-L4IOlijIWObimqYV-Cd-MfZy1aXtbcseovc1vRFzCVAMGNrw1wnf0VAiHEuxROw__fi13y3CQQ40Xi9FqpkW3rIjv1brCwjv6EFpc-c0nTBAffzylcHws2FBw/s1600/Gabarito.png" width="266" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/file/zkpda02h5x7rk7p/Filosofia+-+Thomas+Hobbes.pdf/file" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX61T1XWbT5sJF4_5ITLf1oWxNNJLukcfX7gA7dFDMsDOFrk12uhKQUBgUlHpa6DShZ6J1LuVUsmBG388dx9mM9urrrel3Ln5nPylmJkrzRRP6NeIIGxEwr0CR8-3bUC9_innvzoWMVrh03cwyzVonpDUon0pzG1gvhC69dTyYb5GpPIdtsiohvZ0Q4A/s1600/Lista%20de%20exerc%C3%ADcios.png" width="275" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div>Portal do Vestibulandohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03466686065222700679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5538522159417475835.post-70277135974602342552023-01-22T16:23:00.001-04:002023-01-22T16:27:01.783-04:00Citologia: Membrana Plasmática - Lista de Exercícios - Simulado<p> </p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">1. (Ufpr 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A membrana celular, por delimitar o meio intra e
extracelular, funciona como uma “portaria” controlando o intercâmbio de
substâncias, recebendo e emitindo sinais. Para cumprir essas diversas funções,
a membrana conta com estruturas e sistemas especializados, como por exemplo os
receptores de membrana, responsáveis pela detecção de estímulos diversos,
inclusive agentes invasores, e as proteínas, que atuam no transporte de
substâncias. Considerando as informações apresentadas, assinale a alternativa
correta. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Agentes
infecciosos conseguem infectar células humanas porque interagem com receptores
celulares específicos, enganando esse sistema de reconhecimento que permite a
entrada desses agentes nas células. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
passagem da água para fora da célula, em resposta à inserção desta em um meio
concentrado em solutos, é feita por meio das bombas iônicas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
bicamada fosfolipídica da membrana celular é altamente permeável a moléculas
hidrofílicas, uma vez que delimita o compartimento celular em ambientes aquosos.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os
receptores de membrana responsáveis por detectar os estímulos são estruturas
compostas por lipídio e fosfato, formando moléculas denominadas fosfolipídios
que contêm uma cauda apolar e uma cabeça polar. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os
vírus, parasitas intracelulares obrigatórios, infectam células humanas por meio
do processo de exocitose. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">2. (Uepg
2022) </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A fibrose cística é uma doença hereditária humana decorrente da mutação
no gene que codifica a proteína de membrana CFTR, presente no cromossomo 7. Tal
mutação interfere na inserção da CFTR na membrana plasmática, resultando na
exportação diminuída de íons cloro e consequentemente de água através da
membrana plasmática de células epiteliais que revestem as vias aéreas. Em
decorrência disso, o muco que reveste a superfície dos alvéolos pulmonares
torna-se desidratado e espesso, e há a redução da eficiência respiratória. Com
base no texto, na figura abaixo e nos seus conhecimentos, assinale o que for
correto.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><b><br /></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDkhmaHwZNTxiZ_2Vm9n1GkgbzICM3ncZnRvlbhChlQXe_GVRndHRWWua-zOZJ1lWJ-eo2XsBce3qjXpFVcJf_dTia7OqPL7rMIVYjHYd6RJtgICgBTPaR3B-99HKa_AtxpaDzzee5eF8zpG1fi9HhsJOs_GZHMO2B3Sc2ypMpRuH09O3-jiAYDAAlGQ/s1008/2.%20fibrose%20c%C3%ADstica.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="496" data-original-width="1008" height="312" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDkhmaHwZNTxiZ_2Vm9n1GkgbzICM3ncZnRvlbhChlQXe_GVRndHRWWua-zOZJ1lWJ-eo2XsBce3qjXpFVcJf_dTia7OqPL7rMIVYjHYd6RJtgICgBTPaR3B-99HKa_AtxpaDzzee5eF8zpG1fi9HhsJOs_GZHMO2B3Sc2ypMpRuH09O3-jiAYDAAlGQ/w635-h312/2.%20fibrose%20c%C3%ADstica.png" width="635" /></a></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 17.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 17pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">01) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A passagem da água pela membrana ocorre através da bicamada lipídica e a
partir de proteínas especiais chamadas de aquaporinas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 17.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 17pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">02) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A água difunde-se pela membrana de modo a diluir o lado mais
concentrado, ou seja, difunde-se da solução hipotônica para a hipertônica. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 17.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 17pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">04) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Tanto as proteínas de membrana como os lipídeos de membrana apresentam,
na sua estrutura, porções polares e apolares. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 17.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 17pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">08) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A fibrose cística é uma doença autossômica. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">3. (Integrado - Medicina 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considere a figura do modelo mosaico fluido de uma
membrana plasmática.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><b><br /></b></span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6hSi-zMbdUda8cOphTmD8MFXUycpFP1YcuNuX8Jwl_iSdGHDx_YuvRxYV37oA6rt07DpMlYKKx2k2KX9LRGKHo6BgGhypFNEofYolkRHzZ3nmTCA6vYkalcCI80tCxxSWJkzFVCRjN1Y3BgKvO2PdliuP7fVuOIy2LU6wzhXk4C7pt370FoQFPfh3dA/s432/3.%20modelo%20mosaico%20fluido%20de%20uma%20membrana%20plasm%C3%A1tica.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="247" data-original-width="432" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6hSi-zMbdUda8cOphTmD8MFXUycpFP1YcuNuX8Jwl_iSdGHDx_YuvRxYV37oA6rt07DpMlYKKx2k2KX9LRGKHo6BgGhypFNEofYolkRHzZ3nmTCA6vYkalcCI80tCxxSWJkzFVCRjN1Y3BgKvO2PdliuP7fVuOIy2LU6wzhXk4C7pt370FoQFPfh3dA/w392-h224/3.%20modelo%20mosaico%20fluido%20de%20uma%20membrana%20plasm%C3%A1tica.png" width="392" /></a></b></div><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Imagem_x0020_5" o:spid="_x0000_i1034" style="height: 138pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 241.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/profa/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.wmz">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale a alternativa cujas estruturas indicadas
na figura (1, 2, 3, 4 e 5) estão corretamente identificadas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">1.
bicamada glicoproteica. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">2. lipídio
periférico. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">3. Proteína
integral.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) </span><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">4. carboidrato
transmembrana.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">5.
colesterol de superfície. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">4. (Fcmmg 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Lipossomos são pequenas vesículas formadas por
bicamada de fosfolipídios que se organizam espontaneamente em meio aquoso, como
representado na figura abaixo. Devido ao fato de possuírem características
muito parecidas com a membrana celular dos animais, estas vesículas são
comumente utilizadas como carreadores de fármacos no tratamento de doenças,
tais como o câncer. Este arranjo característico dos lipossomos é possível
porque os fosfolipídios apresentam uma natureza específica.</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiN2wQQLOt4tBtrC70jjuz0hukojmb_oGW0OlaZz_YQuzIEEvC2_H3_d4YlyRF2pWyZhp6fQux7YjCRDfccgsqqaJ-Jc4fUdxa78_dUCMZ0xQUWfIWUjTVBBoEqf1QdTYBmFD_joylEagW6qz_3k4cJzNUB0FkzC2EE7sYAPmKeW7z4zRvVE311fCoziw/s345/4._bicamada_de_fosfolip%C3%ADdios.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="345" data-original-width="342" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiN2wQQLOt4tBtrC70jjuz0hukojmb_oGW0OlaZz_YQuzIEEvC2_H3_d4YlyRF2pWyZhp6fQux7YjCRDfccgsqqaJ-Jc4fUdxa78_dUCMZ0xQUWfIWUjTVBBoEqf1QdTYBmFD_joylEagW6qz_3k4cJzNUB0FkzC2EE7sYAPmKeW7z4zRvVE311fCoziw/s16000/4._bicamada_de_fosfolip%C3%ADdios.png" /></a></b></div><b><o:p></o:p></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Imagem_x0020_14" o:spid="_x0000_i1033" style="height: 189pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 187.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/profa/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Disponível em: https://cientistasfeministas.wordpress.com/2018/10/04/o-que-sao-lipossomas-ecomo-eles-podem-auxiliar-no-combate-de-doencas/.
Acesso 30/04/22.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale a alternativa CORRETA que representa a
característica molecular/bioquímica do fosfolipídio, constituinte do lipossomo.
</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Apolar </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Hidrofóbica.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Anfifílica.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Hidrofílica.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">5. (Fmp 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Uma célula artificial, contendo uma solução aquosa envolta por uma
membrana de permeabilidade seletiva, foi imersa em um recipiente que contém uma
solução diferente, como apresentado na figura abaixo.</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizAMgZ4xtqOeYqqnlpnlIhaBlC1EUyFuJsY_jadAV9SUibuyvLDY2FflDOBhMPt-uauR4lVJzCGe7cPVlPgtlmbE2-oWqxH-stdob-6jtg4OW8clC5CPTYXlacH38EABKmwpAxDHlQdiQPzK7kVwQOiMwhMvm2pXIh6fD2NkJw0porwb8_veQnC4RSvw/s356/5.%20c%C3%A9lula%20artificial.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="294" data-original-width="356" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizAMgZ4xtqOeYqqnlpnlIhaBlC1EUyFuJsY_jadAV9SUibuyvLDY2FflDOBhMPt-uauR4lVJzCGe7cPVlPgtlmbE2-oWqxH-stdob-6jtg4OW8clC5CPTYXlacH38EABKmwpAxDHlQdiQPzK7kVwQOiMwhMvm2pXIh6fD2NkJw0porwb8_veQnC4RSvw/s16000/5.%20c%C3%A9lula%20artificial.png" /></a></b></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sabendo-se que a membrana é permeável a
monossacarídeos, mas é impermeável a dissacarídeos, após algum tempo, a célula
artificial ficará </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">flácida,
pois está em meio hipotônico. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">murcha,
pois está em meio hipertônico. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">túrgida,
pois está em meio hipertônico. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">com
maior volume, pois está em meio hipotônico. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">com
maior volume, pois está em meio hipertônico. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">6. (Enem 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As células da epiderme da folha da <i>Tradescantia
pallida purpurea</i>, uma herbácea popularmente conhecida como trapoeraba-roxa,
contém um vacúolo onde se encontra um pigmento que dá a coloração arroxeada a
esse tecido. Em um experimento, um corte da epiderme de uma folha da
trapoeraba-roxa foi imerso em ambiente hipotônico e, logo em seguida, foi
colocado em uma lâmina e observado em microscópio óptico.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Durante a observação desse corte, foi possível
identificar o(a) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">acúmulo
do solvente com fragmentação da organela. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">rompimento
da membrana celular com liberação do citosol. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">aumento
do vacúolo com diluição do pigmento no seu interior. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">quebra
da parede celular com extravasamento do pigmento. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">murchamento
da célula com expulsão do pigmento do vacúolo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">7. (Unesp 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Em um tubo de ensaio contendo apenas água
destilada, um pesquisador colocou igual número de células íntegras de hemácias
e de algas verdes unicelulares (clorofíceas). Após uma hora, o tubo foi
centrifugado e o material precipitado foi recolhido com uma pipeta, gotejado
sobre uma lâmina de vidro e observado ao microscópio óptico, no qual seria
possível identificar a presença de células íntegras. Em seguida, a solução
acima do precipitado foi recolhida e submetida à análise bioquímica para a
possível identificação de moléculas de hemoglobina ou de clorofila.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Nesse experimento, ao microscópio, o pesquisador </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">não
observou células íntegras de hemácias ou algas, e na solução aquosa identificou
moléculas de hemoglobina e de clorofila. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">observou
apenas células íntegras de hemácias, e na solução aquosa identificou apenas
moléculas de clorofila. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt;">c) observou apenas células
íntegras de algas, e na solução aquosa identificou apenas moléculas de
hemoglobina.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">observou
células íntegras de hemácias e algas, e na solução aquosa não identificou
moléculas de hemoglobina ou de clorofila. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">observou
células íntegras de hemácias e algas, e na solução aquosa identificou moléculas
de hemoglobina e de clorofila. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">8. (Unichristus - Medicina 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As figuras I, II e III, a seguir, ilustram três
recipientes com solução de NaCℓ (cloreto de sódio) em diferentes concentrações,
contendo células vegetais que podem ser observadas em diferentes condições
osmóticas. As setas, nessas figuras, representam o fluxo de água entre o
vacúolo celular e a solução do recipiente.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><b><br /></b></span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjewOaUpif5mb_d-agTqc4WUs8yt-4rb1gxx0lVHEc2xwR_Pa-lXlUW_o8w8eYFTN-aY5EBpRUv_CkaOi6W2i-fiqbBIrAWPxDaQWAlbBQmVIZ4XJT83Bfm5WLxEVtOKVH1euaeipYhWbA-S1n-J5tNlY2rjK2dPps5CfKJ2ZtMnfjiSSugwsE0AiQdJQ/s500/8.%20fluxo%20de%20%C3%A1gua%20entre%20o%20vac%C3%BAolo%20celular%20e%20a%20solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20do%20recipiente.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="314" data-original-width="500" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjewOaUpif5mb_d-agTqc4WUs8yt-4rb1gxx0lVHEc2xwR_Pa-lXlUW_o8w8eYFTN-aY5EBpRUv_CkaOi6W2i-fiqbBIrAWPxDaQWAlbBQmVIZ4XJT83Bfm5WLxEVtOKVH1euaeipYhWbA-S1n-J5tNlY2rjK2dPps5CfKJ2ZtMnfjiSSugwsE0AiQdJQ/s16000/8.%20fluxo%20de%20%C3%A1gua%20entre%20o%20vac%C3%BAolo%20celular%20e%20a%20solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20do%20recipiente.png" /></a></b></div><b><o:p></o:p></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Imagem_x0020_15" o:spid="_x0000_i1031" style="height: 161.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 257.25pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/profa/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Células em condições de plasmólise e de
turgescência estão ilustradas, respectivamente, nas figuras </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I e II. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II e I. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II e
III. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III e I.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III e
II. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">9. (Integrado - Medicina 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A membrana plasmática em uma célula é a grande
responsável pelo controle da passagem de substâncias da região extracelular
para intracelular e também no sentido contrário. Isso é chamado de
permeabilidade seletiva e resulta da presença de diversos tipos de transporte. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Em relação a esses mecanismos de transporte na
membrana plasmática, marque a resposta correta. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A osmose
é um transporte que ocorre sem gasto de energia. Nele, percebe-se o
deslocamento de soluto da região hipertônica (maior concentração) em direção à
região hipotônica (menor concentração). </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
difusão simples ocorre com a passagem de solvente da região de menor
concentração em direção à região de maior concentração. Essa diluição torna
possível o equilíbrio entre regiões distintas, deixando o meio isotônico. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A bomba
de sódio e potássio é um processo que ocorre contra o gradiente de
concentração, bombeando sempre altas concentrações de potássio para o meio
extracelular e grandes quantidades de sódio para o meio intracelular. É um mecanismo
que ocorre sem gasto de energia. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Proteínas
presentes na membrana plasmática podem atuar no transporte de algumas
moléculas, como a glicose, por exemplo. Esse mecanismo de transporte é chamado
de difusão facilitada, ocorre de uma região de maior concentração da substância
em direção a uma região de menor concentração. Não apresenta gasto de energia. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
fagocitose é um processo que ocorre sem gasto de energia e possibilita à célula
lançar estruturas moleculares do meio intracelular para o meio extracelular. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">10. (Fcmscsp 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Analise a ilustração de um experimento em que uma
membrana separa uma solução hipotônica de uma solução hipertônica, ambas
soluções contidas no interior de um tubo formado por duas colunas A e B.</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO3xvn2yE_oRXJByMPUL0NJam-nC1a1kru39cP-iX-Mg67PDHT60MSTCJbV1lAcxX1QYwXUTQNA2epZgtORUGux-Y-lIwCRfSsTWh3mFX1Zc2hbGOItzl_EWw4cX6T4oNemUX9X1fQCJKmOoqTNxK6kAzKZ4G7y49lnGL2bHp9DZ3_H-_AcRlNJuyerw/s382/10.%20experimento%20em%20que%20uma%20membrana%20separa%20uma%20solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20hipot%C3%B4nica.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="382" data-original-width="202" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO3xvn2yE_oRXJByMPUL0NJam-nC1a1kru39cP-iX-Mg67PDHT60MSTCJbV1lAcxX1QYwXUTQNA2epZgtORUGux-Y-lIwCRfSsTWh3mFX1Zc2hbGOItzl_EWw4cX6T4oNemUX9X1fQCJKmOoqTNxK6kAzKZ4G7y49lnGL2bHp9DZ3_H-_AcRlNJuyerw/s16000/10.%20experimento%20em%20que%20uma%20membrana%20separa%20uma%20solu%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20hipot%C3%B4nica.png" /></a></b></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considerando o transporte de substâncias entre as
duas soluções, se a membrana for </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">semipermeável,
haverá migração de água da coluna B para a coluna A fazendo com que ocorra a
elevação desta última, fenômeno denominado osmose. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">semipermeável,
haverá migração de soluto da coluna B para a coluna A, fazendo com que as
concentrações de soluto se igualem, fenômeno denominado difusão simples. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">permeável,
haverá migração de água da coluna A para a coluna B, fazendo com que as
concentrações de solvente se igualem, fenômeno denominado difusão facilitada. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">permeável,
haverá migração de soluto da coluna B para a coluna A, fazendo com que as
concentrações de soluto se igualem, fenômeno denominado difusão simples. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">semipermeável,
haverá migração de água da coluna A para a coluna B, fazendo com que os níveis
das duas colunas se igualem, fenômeno denominado osmose. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">11. (Fuvest-Ete 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A figura ilustra a sinalização celular a partir da
ativação de um receptor acoplado à proteína G, seguida da ativação da
adenililciclase e síntese do AMP cíclico (cAMP):</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicvITNyCw0k-E3sTQ0LpLhXNSuiE_CgnuJKiOT-ru_ieajOtqXBYDQsmbFrCoS3tjXXPTz4Jun9rtXQ2Az0GBG6Ab6MaYLPFF7HubiKzD4QjRvKowUGsEJ76DbK-Mq474IkeNL-NdnTCWSifCglqfvS_EWQQ88plDD_qH9NzJU-qRK_c8FnbAvki_09A/s600/11.%20sinaliza%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20celular%20a%20partir%20da%20ativa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20de%20um%20receptor%20acoplado%20%C3%A0%20prote%C3%ADna%20G.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="498" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicvITNyCw0k-E3sTQ0LpLhXNSuiE_CgnuJKiOT-ru_ieajOtqXBYDQsmbFrCoS3tjXXPTz4Jun9rtXQ2Az0GBG6Ab6MaYLPFF7HubiKzD4QjRvKowUGsEJ76DbK-Mq474IkeNL-NdnTCWSifCglqfvS_EWQQ88plDD_qH9NzJU-qRK_c8FnbAvki_09A/s16000/11.%20sinaliza%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20celular%20a%20partir%20da%20ativa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20de%20um%20receptor%20acoplado%20%C3%A0%20prote%C3%ADna%20G.png" /></a></b></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Escolha a alternativa correta sobre os eventos
relacionados a esse processo de sinalização celular: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Este é o
mecanismo de sinalização utilizado pelo hormônio insulina. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O cAMP
produzido é considerado o primeiro mensageiro. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O cAMP é
um modulador alostérico que ativa uma proteína quinase ao ligar-se a ela de
forma covalente. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
subunidade da proteína G sintetiza GTP a partir de GDP. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Essa via
de sinalização celular é responsável pela ativação da glicogenólise. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">12. (Ufpr 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No que diz respeito aos mecanismos de transporte
transmembranar, assinale a alternativa correta. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No
epitélio intestinal dos animais, as especializações da membrana chamadas de
microvilosidades reduzem a área de absorção, evitando o transporte por
endocitose. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Na
difusão simples, a passagem de substâncias através da membrana ocorre a favor
do gradiente de concentração, com gasto de ATP. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Nos
neurônios, o potencial de repouso da membrana é mantido pela difusão facilitada
chamada de bomba sódio-potássio. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A região
dos pelos radiculares das plantas tem maior concentração de solutos que a água
do solo, de modo que a água entra no interior das raízes por osmose. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
transporte ativo é caracterizado pela passagem de substâncias a favor do
gradiente de concentração, com o auxílio de proteínas carreadoras chamadas de
permeases. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">13. (Fuvest-Ete 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A Teoria Quimiosmótica de Mitchell propõe que </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o fluxo
dos prótons nos complexos da cadeia respiratória gera um gradiente
eletroquímico. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">elétrons
são transportados da matriz mitocondrial para o espaço intermembranas, gerando
um gradiente eletroquímico. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">prótons
são transportados da matriz mitocondrial para o espaço intermembranas por
transporte passivo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o
gradiente eletroquímico gerado na membrana interna promove a síntese de ATP. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a
membrana interna da mitocôndria é permeável aos prótons, facilitando o
reestabelecimento das cargas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">14. (Fuvest-Ete 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O vírus SARS-CoV-2 tem na sua estrutura uma
molécula de RNA, uma bicamada lipídica e quatro proteínas estruturais: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">N</i> (nucleocapsídeo viral), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">M</i> (proteína de membrana), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">S</i> (glicoproteina de pico, ou <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">spike</i>) e <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">E</i> (proteína de envelope). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">N</i>
envolve o genoma do vírus; <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">M</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">S</i> e <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">E</i>
ficam ligadas à bicamada lipídica. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">M</i>
é importante para a estabilidade e montagem do vírus. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">S</i> é responsável por se ligar à porção polar de receptores da célula
hospedeira e iniciar a invasão viral. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">E</i>
forma um canal iônico na membrana do vírus. Sobre essas proteínas, é correto
afirmar que </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">N</span></i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> está associada ao DNA do vírus. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">M</span></i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> não possui porções apolares. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">S</span></i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> possui uma porção polar e uma porção apolar. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">E</span></i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> está associada a açúcares. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">N</span></i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">M</i> e <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">S</i> são proteínas globulares. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">15. (Pucrs Medicina 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A proteína <i>Spike</i> é a molécula presente no
capsídeo do coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2), que se liga à célula hospedeira por meio
de receptores de membrana ACE 2. A partir dessa interação proteína-receptor,
espera-se que a infecção viral se inicie com a entrada do vírus na célula que
será parasitada por </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">osmose. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">pinocitose.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">endocitose.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">clasmocitose.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">16.
(Unesp 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Uma comunidade de equatorianos com nanismo
apresenta a rara Síndrome de Laron, também observada em populações judias do
Mediterrâneo. Pessoas com essa síndrome carregam uma mutação no gene que
determina a produção de uma proteína que compõe o receptor do hormônio de
crescimento (GH). O hormônio circula no sangue da pessoa, mas o organismo não
reage a ele, o que impede o desenvolvimento pleno de seus corpos.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Hugo Aguilaniu. https://cienciafundamental.blogfolha.uol.com.br,
02.04.2020. Adaptado.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
mutação responsável pela Síndrome de Laron compromete <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o equilíbrio do pH do meio intracelular, provocando a desnaturação das
proteínas do receptor do hormônio. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a formação de vesículas de secreção no complexo golgiense, que contêm as
proteínas do receptor do hormônio. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a polimerização adequada dos aminoácidos das proteínas do receptor do
hormônio, realizada pelos ribossomos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a transcrição do RNA mensageiro, responsável pela informação da produção
das proteínas do receptor do hormônio. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a conformação estrutural das proteínas do receptor do hormônio, presente
na membrana plasmática da célula. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">17.
(Fuvest 2020) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Analise o esquema de uma célula adulta.</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRREohYIwV1feQwl4L4dLFOugrr0vX2eCKT8rIecNCVzkOiUa6CGBxVn0JNUj9mts_zf7PXY3Co-gat8sAaZw-IkkSEECyP3bFS084m6XUZCPgJXeZ-eZrRHMXgoB83F6DAHsc0fUPfrIPOVaIa1bwnDFkWEWcqm27i9JfY95lk4COY6ocbSvAc6gOpQ/s337/17.%20esquema%20de%20uma%20c%C3%A9lula%20adulta.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="337" data-original-width="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRREohYIwV1feQwl4L4dLFOugrr0vX2eCKT8rIecNCVzkOiUa6CGBxVn0JNUj9mts_zf7PXY3Co-gat8sAaZw-IkkSEECyP3bFS084m6XUZCPgJXeZ-eZrRHMXgoB83F6DAHsc0fUPfrIPOVaIa1bwnDFkWEWcqm27i9JfY95lk4COY6ocbSvAc6gOpQ/s16000/17.%20esquema%20de%20uma%20c%C3%A9lula%20adulta.png" /></a></b></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As
estruturas I, II, III e IV caracterizam</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Cambria Math"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">‐</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">se pela presença,
respectivamente, de </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">glicídeo, lipídeo, água e ácido nucleico.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">proteína, glicídeo, água e ácido nucleico.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">lipídeo, proteína, glicídeo e ácido nucleico. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">lipídeo, glicídeo, ácido nucleico e água.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">glicídeo, proteína, ácido nucleico e água.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">18.
(Enem 2019) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A fluidez da membrana celular é caracterizada pela
capacidade de movimento das moléculas componentes dessa estrutura. Os seres
vivos mantêm essa propriedade de duas formas: controlando a temperatura e/ou
alterando a composição lipídica da membrana. Neste último aspecto, o tamanho e
o grau de insaturação das caudas hidrocarbônicas dos fosfolipídios, conforme representados
na figura, influenciam significativamente a fluidez. Isso porque quanto maior
for a magnitude das interações entre os fosfolipídios, menor será a fluidez da
membrana.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><b><br /></b></span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2HhgFhndkw3n1FMCUechtjV-hw_IiElflWPM-5672_weO54JzykqlNqGGBrV23kJoWMh9mOHXKZmNMdg1RAnsP0ba8FLeDgwPi1OcG9Hg3kuAz0xefZOSnZSrr8UafohhargAsJ_odRUh93QaAI-JMACv3ZF1a3qAIF-ZqyUzGEdOjdo4FuNeKb4GdA/s325/18.1.%20Fosfolip%C3%ADdio.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="205" data-original-width="325" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2HhgFhndkw3n1FMCUechtjV-hw_IiElflWPM-5672_weO54JzykqlNqGGBrV23kJoWMh9mOHXKZmNMdg1RAnsP0ba8FLeDgwPi1OcG9Hg3kuAz0xefZOSnZSrr8UafohhargAsJ_odRUh93QaAI-JMACv3ZF1a3qAIF-ZqyUzGEdOjdo4FuNeKb4GdA/s16000/18.1.%20Fosfolip%C3%ADdio.png" /></a></b></div><b><br /><o:p></o:p></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Imagem_x0020_17" o:spid="_x0000_i1027" style="height: 126pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 200.25pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/profa/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image009.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assim,
existem bicamadas lipídicas com diferentes composições de fosfolipídios, como
as mostradas de I a V.</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiL5_CRJJhs9OsxoeDVucnS3QDj3h8knlX4pXp_I7pkH4zyz2oqsHOwOLtIxMCrCxJc11Pji5ne7x5ttbM_o8AGffkrX0nU3SRE8CiQib94aRfj1M4h-NcxT8dkMYCCZgcMdKLpmZSYibp4Ns9c5eGFfDh3msoKqsl1YxSGkOgLfTIOUEtOQ1FsSNKLw/s461/18.2.%20bicamadas%20lip%C3%ADdicas%20com%20diferentes%20composi%C3%A7%C3%B5es%20de%20fosfolip%C3%ADdios.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="164" data-original-width="461" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiL5_CRJJhs9OsxoeDVucnS3QDj3h8knlX4pXp_I7pkH4zyz2oqsHOwOLtIxMCrCxJc11Pji5ne7x5ttbM_o8AGffkrX0nU3SRE8CiQib94aRfj1M4h-NcxT8dkMYCCZgcMdKLpmZSYibp4Ns9c5eGFfDh3msoKqsl1YxSGkOgLfTIOUEtOQ1FsSNKLw/s16000/18.2.%20bicamadas%20lip%C3%ADdicas%20com%20diferentes%20composi%C3%A7%C3%B5es%20de%20fosfolip%C3%ADdios.png" /></a></b></div><b><o:p></o:p></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Imagem_x0020_18" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" style="height: 93pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 261.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/profa/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image010.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Qual
das bicamadas lipídicas apresentadas possui maior fluidez? </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">IV </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">V </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">19.
(Ufjf-pism 1 2020) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Um professor do ensino médio de uma
tradicional escola de Juiz de Fora resolveu fazer uma aula prática sobre
membrana plasmática com seus alunos. Ele criou em laboratório células com as
superfícies fluorescentes para o estudo do modelo proposto por Singer e
Nicolson. Neste experimento, ele usou uma célula com a superfície fluorescente
e observou-a em microscópio acoplado a um laser. O laser utilizado neste caso é
capaz de degradar a fluorescência conjugada às moléculas na superfície celular.
Iniciado o experimento, ele expôs um ponto específico da célula ao laser. Após
cinco minutos de exposição da incidência do laser, observou que a região
exposta perdia a fluorescência, mas o restante da célula continuava
fluorescente. Entretanto, após uma hora de exposição, no mesmo ponto focal,
toda a célula perdia a fluorescência. Baseado nesse experimento responda à
questão abaixo.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Quais
moléculas perderam a fluorescência e qual é o modelo evidenciado neste
experimento? </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Lipídeos e Glicolipídeos – Mosaico fluido. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Proteínas e Glicoproteínas – Mosaico fluido. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Lipídeos e Proteínas – Mosaico simétrico. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Lipídeos e Proteínas – Mosaico fluido. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Proteínas e Glicoproteínas – Mosaico simétrico. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">20.
(Ufjf-pism 1 2020) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os neutrófilos são um tipo de
glóbulo branco do sangue. São responsáveis por combater infecções. Eles são
capazes de fagocitar bactérias invasoras em nosso organismo. Em uma situação
experimental, um cientista cultivou <i>in vitro</i> os neutrófilos com
bactérias Gram positivas, as quais apresentavam a parede celular verde
fluorescente. Uma hora após a infecção o cientista observou os neutrófilos ao
microscópio, e verificou a fluorescência verde em organelas dentro dessas
células.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Neste
experimento quais organelas celulares podem ser visualizadas pelo cientista,
com a coloração verde-fluorescente? </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Mitocôndria e Núcleo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Peroxissomo e Fagossomo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Fagossomo e Lisossomo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Mitocôndria e Complexo de Golgi. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Complexo de Golgi e Núcleo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">21.
(Cftmg 2020) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O glicogênio é uma reserva energética em animais,
formado por milhares de unidades de glicose. O principal órgão de armazenamento
concentrado desse polissacarídeo é o fígado. Em situações de hipoglicemia, as
células-alfa do pâncreas liberam o hormônio glucagon, que promove o aumento da
glicemia por meio da degradação do glicogênio hepático em glicose, tornando-a
disponível para ser transportada para o sangue.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 7pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Disponível em: <https://www.portaleducacao.com.br/conteudo/artigos/enfermagem/efeitos-do-glucagon-no-organismo/34855>.
Acesso em: 19 de setembro de 2019. (adaptado)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Uma
vantagem do armazenamento de glicose na forma de glicogênio é que o mesmo reduz
a osmolaridade, evitando que a célula </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">gere muita energia. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">aumente o seu volume. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">perca moléculas de glicose. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">fique resistente ao glucagon. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">22.
(Ufms 2019) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Todas as células procariotas e eucariotas
apresentam na superfície um envoltório, a membrana citoplasmática. Além de
separar o interior da célula (meio intracelular) do ambiente externo (meio
extracelular), a membrana regula a entrada e a saída de substâncias, permitindo
que a célula mantenha uma composição química definida, diferente do meio
extracelular.</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjONaioLi31cv9N-m5ozBs3xk91HnkaIkwpSQsS_ki3ji09tDGVDWIR0C_Oe-qdZZkJS1J8R23lcQzsgSGjFgjTQzODQfN22F8WUNAoOEg_5UG9dbrKayURJSGYu4WKw-Xw-6Lpr4OGT861PAdeW9kpnzLTuCnGWYo6sKq7OVKOXjrdOPjqzMIlmC0kfw/s273/22.%20membrana.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="273" data-original-width="263" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjONaioLi31cv9N-m5ozBs3xk91HnkaIkwpSQsS_ki3ji09tDGVDWIR0C_Oe-qdZZkJS1J8R23lcQzsgSGjFgjTQzODQfN22F8WUNAoOEg_5UG9dbrKayURJSGYu4WKw-Xw-6Lpr4OGT861PAdeW9kpnzLTuCnGWYo6sKq7OVKOXjrdOPjqzMIlmC0kfw/s1600/22.%20membrana.png" width="263" /></a></b></div><b><o:p></o:p></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Imagem_x0020_4" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 175.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 168.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/profa/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image011.wmz">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sobre
a membrana plasmática, assinale a alternativa correta. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O modelo teórico atualmente aceito para a estrutura da membrana é o do
mosaico fluido, no qual a membrana apresenta um mosaico de moléculas proteicas
que se movimentam em uma dupla camada fluída de lipídeos.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A membrana plasmática é responsável por dar forma à célula, participa do
transporte de substâncias e, além disso, participa da produção de proteínas nas
células.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O modelo teórico atualmente aceito para a estrutura da membrana é o do
mosaico fluido, no qual a membrana participa ativamente da síntese proteica,
sendo sua principal função a secreção celular e o deslocamento dessas
substâncias para o exterior da célula, que se movimentam em uma dupla camada
fluida de lipídeos.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A membrana plasmática tem a função de regular as trocas de substâncias
entre a célula e o meio, o que é feito por meio de uma propriedade chamada
impermeabilidade seletiva. Além disso, a membrana plasmática intervém nos mecanismos
de reconhecimento celular, por meio de receptores específicos.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A membrana plasmática é dotada de diversas especializações que costumam
não variar de acordo com as diferenciações celulares. Entre essas
especializações, temos as microvilosidades, as invaginações de base, os
desmossomos, as cutículas, as ceras e os cimentos intercelulares. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">23.
(Enem 2019) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Uma cozinheira colocou sal a mais no feijão que
estava cozinhando. Para solucionar o problema, ela acrescentou batatas cruas e
sem tempero dentro da panela. Quando terminou de cozinhá-lo, as batatas estavam
salgadas, porque absorveram parte do caldo com excesso de sal. Finalmente, ela
adicionou água para completar o caldo do feijão.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
sal foi absorvido pelas batatas por </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">osmose, por envolver apenas o transporte do solvente.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">fagocitose, porque o sal transportado é uma substância sólida.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">exocitose, uma vez que o sal foi transportado da água para a
batata.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">pinocitose, porque o sal estava diluído na água quando foi transportado.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">difusão, porque o transporte ocorreu a favor do gradiente de
concentração.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">24.
(IFPE 2019) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Não é nada fácil sobreviver à deriva em alto mar. O
Sol queima a pele impunemente, não é fácil conseguir comida e toda a água que
rodeia o náufrago não serve para matar a sede. O que fazer em tal situação?
Vamos por partes. Primeiro, entendendo por que não é recomendável beber a água
do mar. O problema está na concentração de sal - muito mais alta que a do nosso
organismo. Quando bebemos água muito salgada, por mais contraditório que
pareça, nós, na verdade, acabamos desidratados. Isso se deve a um processo (1)
no qual a água do mar “rouba” a água presente nas células do corpo, numa
tentativa de equilibrar a concentração de sal dentro e fora das células. Tomar
água salgada levaria à morte em um ou dois dias, dependendo da quantidade de
água ingerida. </span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 7pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">CYMBALUK, Fernando. <i>À deriva no oceano?</i><b> </b>Veja por que beber
água do mar causa desidratação. Disponível em: <
https://noticias.uol.com.br/ciencia/ultimas-noticias/redacao/2018/09/28/e-possivel-sobreviver-a-deriva-filtrando-agua-do-mar-com-a-roupa.htm?cmpid=copiaecola
>. Acesso em: 09 out. 2018 (adaptado).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
<b>processo (1)</b>, descrito no texto acima, refere-se à<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">fagocitose.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">difusão.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">bomba de sódio e potássio.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">difusão facilitada.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">osmose.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">25.
(Fgv 2018) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As células procariontes e as células eucariontes
diferenciam-se e assemelham-se em diversos aspectos, como, por exemplo, quanto
à presença de membranas internas, constituindo as organelas e o envoltório
nuclear, e quanto à constituição dos envoltórios membranosos.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale
a alternativa que cita, correta e respectivamente, uma diferença e uma
semelhança relacionadas às membranas das células procariontes e eucariontes. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Mitocôndrias com membranas internas e externas nas células eucariontes;
e constituição de dupla camada lipoproteica nas membranas de ambas as células. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Ribossomos com membranas simples nas células procariontes; e
constituição de glicoproteínas e glicolipídios nas membranas de ambas as
células. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Cloroplastos com clorofila imersa nas membranas internas nas células
eucariontes; e constituição de dupla camada celulósica nas membranas de ambas
as células. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Lisossomos contendo enzimas digestivas nas células procariontes; e
constituição de dupla camada proteica nas membranas de ambas as células. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Ribossomos aderidos às membranas do retículo rugoso nas células
eucariontes; e constituição de polissacarídeos nas membranas de ambas as
células. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.portaldovestibulando.com/2023/01/citologia-membrana-plasmatica-lista-de_22.html" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="55" data-original-width="266" height="55" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtHvXmHphp1Gu3NDJwkAWMBPXPd4IyBlmZ97DtSSWYW30CvouF0qUv2fUrGvq-QlNs9RerDs5OkEt_BU4zKbpaIkFHrjmdn07GIsgRpEFsbCcw_TaDle1Fk3kA8dNB506v0hNVXo4QsK0cRgvpxYIdCwTNzVc1ZJJDbO_JqNjiODk3en3xhu91b0xmPA/s1600/Gabarito.png" width="266" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/file/v2cfubf2zzyks74/Biologia+-+Membrana+Plasmática+-+Lista+de+Exercícios.pdf/file" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLjQCQs8XY5NhhXFBLCfZv6YqltplI2dPlrNfaNZDgmDdF6NxbbOjyj9_b83M5SM5K7wOwxKFKqHl50mJj_rOHOVZD_WyFFp9Hx0NsrtqHVEExyTuGCUfEVydMSyY9D-9k-8NJrSOyP0MyhpwoQ4RCGGUwQEzZ7cWv_RmtBZEORISneN5PHxrSxIxoOA/s1600/Lista%20de%20exerc%C3%ADcios.png" width="275" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br />Portal do Vestibulandohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03466686065222700679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5538522159417475835.post-14456428649054850142023-01-22T14:59:00.004-04:002023-01-22T15:00:37.310-04:00Histologia - Lista de Exercícios - Simulado<p> </p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">1. (Uerj 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A prática contínua de exercícios físicos aeróbicos
de longa duração resulta no aumento de determinados parâmetros dos músculos
estriados esqueléticos, envolvidos nessa atividade.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Um desses parâmetros é: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">número
de fibroblastos </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">densidade
de colágeno </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">proporção
de fibras vermelhas </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">concentração
de hemoglobina </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">2. (Ufpr 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sobre a contração muscular esquelética, é correto
afirmar: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
sistema contrátil depende da concentração de íons Ca++ no mioplasma, que altera
as células actina e miosina, promovendo a contração. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Estímulos
nervosos promovem a liberação de acetilcolina na fenda sináptica, o que leva à
despolarização da membrana da célula muscular. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Actina e
miosina são liberadas na fenda sináptica, o que gera um potencial de ação e
promove a contração muscular esquelética. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O
deslizamento das células de actina sobre as de miosina é iniciado pela
liberação de ATP no sarcômero. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
despolarização da miosina promove a liberação passiva de íons Ca++ até a
membrana da actina, promovendo a contração muscular. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">3. (Famerp 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Analise a figura que representa a ação de uma
célula humana.</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGHunkjCVSTvBhmQFRMoLP13sYs11UolNjL8mS-hSvTFZRdDMfkGf_k1CVHPefqa2aN_vCzfOcVChQcz0TPVwwIArA3JtQquWVqS5v_sNjQ_jD7CfDwWhrZof6lxV4t6uc5n2m6Icp2Y0aNXyyLCXLrqIaFNkPYaRsrRoK6dIVw1Htn3Vnj3-SWhlpJg/s404/3.%20processo%20de%20endocitose.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="404" data-original-width="368" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGHunkjCVSTvBhmQFRMoLP13sYs11UolNjL8mS-hSvTFZRdDMfkGf_k1CVHPefqa2aN_vCzfOcVChQcz0TPVwwIArA3JtQquWVqS5v_sNjQ_jD7CfDwWhrZof6lxV4t6uc5n2m6Icp2Y0aNXyyLCXLrqIaFNkPYaRsrRoK6dIVw1Htn3Vnj3-SWhlpJg/s16000/3.%20processo%20de%20endocitose.png" /></a></b></div> <o:p></o:p><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f">
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</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O processo de endocitose
representado na figura e o tipo de célula que é capaz de realizá-lo são,
respectivamente, </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">fagocitose
e neutrófilo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">pinocitose
e macrófago.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">fagocitose
e hemácia. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">pinocitose
e basófilo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">fagocitose
e linfócito T. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">4. (Unicamp 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Estudos revelaram como a disbiose – desequilíbrio
da microbiota intestinal – pode influenciar no desenvolvimento de distúrbios
neurodegenerativos como a doença de Parkinson. As pessoas acometidas por essa
doença apresentam alterações significativas nos centros motores do cérebro.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale a alternativa que preenche corretamente as
lacunas no excerto a seguir.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A agregação da proteína a-sinucleína nos (I)
________ está relacionada com a doença de Parkinson. Foi demonstrado que
células específicas do tecido (II) ________ da mucosa intestinal podem
expressar essa proteína. A disbiose pode levar ao aumento de espécies de (III)
________ que, eventualmente, contribuem para agregação da a-sinucleína no
intestino, e essa proteína pode migrar para o (IV) ________, configurando um
possível mecanismo de surgimento da doença de Parkinson esporádica.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Adaptado
dehttps://agencia.fapesp.br/estudo-revela-como-o-desequilibrio-da-microbiota-intestinal-pode-levar-a-doenca-de-parkinson/38159/.
Acesso em 07/06/2022.) <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(I)
neurônios; (II) epitelial; (III) bactérias; (IV) sistema nervoso central.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(I)
linfonodos; (II) conjuntivo; (III) bactérias; (IV) sistema nervoso
autônomo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(I)
linfonodos; (II) epitelial; (III) vírus; (IV) sistema nervoso central.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(I)
neurônios; (II) conjuntivo; (III) vírus; (IV) sistema nervoso autônomo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">5. (Pucrs Medicina 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considere as seguintes afirmações sobre o estrato
mielínico:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 6pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I. sua degeneração é a causa da esclerose múltipla.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II. suas estruturas celulares são denominadas
nódulos de Ranvier.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III. as interrupções nele observadas correspondem
às células de Schwann.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Está/Estão correta(s) a(s) afirmativa(s) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I,
apenas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I e II,
apenas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II e
III, apenas. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I, II e
III. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">6. (Unifor - Medicina 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Campanha 'Doe de Coração' realiza atividades na
Beira-Mar e no Cocó, em Fortaleza. A programação envolve atividades de promoção
à doação de órgãos e tecidos.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A doação de órgãos ou de tecidos é um ato pelo qual
há o manifesto de doar uma ou mais partes do nosso corpo para ajudar no
tratamento de outras pessoas. A doação pode ser de órgãos (rim, fígado,
coração, pâncreas e pulmão) ou de tecidos (córnea, pele, ossos, válvulas
cardíacas, cartilagem, medula óssea e sangue de cordão umbilical)”. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Disponível em
<https://diariodonordeste.verdesmares.com.br/ceara/campanha-doe-de-coracao-realiza-atividades-na-beira-mar-e-no-coco-em-fortaleza-1.3281525>.
Acesso em: 12 out. 2022. (Adaptada) <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Anualmente, desde 2003, a Fundação Edson Queiroz
promove a campanha Doe de Coração, contribuindo para que o Ceará seja
referência nacional em transplantes. Dentre os tecidos transplantados,
destaca-se a medula óssea. Para que o procedimento ocorra da forma mais
adequada, são necessários conhecimentos básicos sobre esse tecido. Desta
maneira, leia as afirmativas abaixo sobre medula óssea e sua relação com o
transplante.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 4pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 8.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 8.5pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -8.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I. A medula óssea vermelha consiste em uma rede de
tecido especializado, que contém células-tronco hematopoiéticas pluripotentes,
capazes de originar os diversos tipos de células, daí sua importância nos
transplantes de medula óssea.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II. A medula óssea adulta apresenta-se em
quantidade relativamente pequena, porém as células-tronco hematopoiéticas são
capazes de se multiplicar ativamente, dando origem a células-filhas que se
mantêm como pluripotentes, podendo assim serem doadas ainda em vida. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III. A medula pode ser encontrada no interior de
certos ossos, como os da região pélvica e fêmur, por exemplo.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">É correto apenas o que se afirma em </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I e II. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II e
III. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I, II e
III. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">7. (Unesp 2023) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Fábio e Rogério, dois irmãos gêmeos monozigóticos,
adultos e saudáveis, encontraram-se em São Paulo, a fim de doarem sangue para o
irmão mais novo, Marcelo, também adulto, que acabara de ser diagnosticado com
leucemia mieloide. Os três moram em São Paulo, mas Fábio voltou às pressas do
Guarujá, no litoral de São Paulo, onde passava férias há 20 dias. Rogério
voltou de La Paz, na Bolívia, onde também estava em férias há 20 dias. Assim
que que se encontraram, foram submetidos a um exame de sangue, hemograma, para
avaliação de seus parâmetros hematológicos.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A tabela apresenta alguns dados obtidos com o
hemograma de cada um deles.</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikeZuuSKf_Il80okPlheKvUmisCzGvWjmF3ntO3fFoi1JxT0_gOJ7-bHJp2oY1fFVXxvH-2uC5h7B_63h5HogsALdPudLkgA-a7O7tFUqOTdTl7TQ9WkYOEkY6fhMjvfVq8J32fhU2qmNCtY0mssgBlsyEhflKomE_yVaebW7HXFPEb3JGKGKzwXvd7Q/s585/7.%20resultados%20dos%20hemogramas.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="466" data-original-width="585" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikeZuuSKf_Il80okPlheKvUmisCzGvWjmF3ntO3fFoi1JxT0_gOJ7-bHJp2oY1fFVXxvH-2uC5h7B_63h5HogsALdPudLkgA-a7O7tFUqOTdTl7TQ9WkYOEkY6fhMjvfVq8J32fhU2qmNCtY0mssgBlsyEhflKomE_yVaebW7HXFPEb3JGKGKzwXvd7Q/s16000/7.%20resultados%20dos%20hemogramas.png" /></a></b></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os resultados dos hemogramas indicam que os
indivíduos 1, 2 e 3 correspondem, respectivamente, a </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Rogério,
Marcelo e Fábio. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Fábio,
Rogério e Marcelo. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Fábio,
Marcelo e Rogério. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Marcelo,
Rogério e Fábio. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Marcelo,
Fábio e Rogério. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">8. (Uerj 2022) </span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O tecido adiposo marrom, abundante em
recém-nascidos e em mamíferos que hibernam, é rico em mitocôndrias, que possuem
em sua membrana interna uma proteína desacopladora da<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">fosforilação
oxidativa. Essa proteína, ao desfazer o gradiente de prótons, permite o fluxo
desses íons do espaço intermembranas para a matriz mitocondrial, o que assegura
a sobrevivência dos organismos.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Desse modo,
os adipócitos da gordura marrom apresentam redução do seguinte processo: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">liberação de calor</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">produção de ATP</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">consumo de oxigênio </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">transporte de elétrons</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">9. (Ufjf-pism 1 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">CORONAVÍRUS USA</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> ESTRATÉGIA SIMILAR A DO HIV PARA INFECTAR
CÉLULAS DE DEFESA</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“Pesquisa indica que o vírus
Sars-Cov-2 é capaz de infectar e se replicar no interior de linfócitos, podendo
levar essas células de defesa à morte e comprometer o sistema imunológico. De
acordo com os cientistas, o vírus da Covid-19 age de maneira semelhante ao HIV,
causador da AIDS.</span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Tanto o HIV quanto o novo
coronavírus afetam um tipo de linfócito conhecido como T CD4, responsável pela
coordenação da resposta imune adaptativa, que ajuda na produção de anticorpos e
proliferação de células que se encarregam de reconhecer e matar células
infectadas. Os resultados sugerem que, em alguns pacientes, o coronavírus pode
causar um quadro de imunodeficiência aguda não só porque mata o linfócito T CD4,
mas porque prejudica as funções da célula infectada.”</span><span style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Disponível em:
https://jornal.usp.br/ciencias/coronavirus-usa-estrategia-similar-a-do-hiv-para-infectar-celulas-de-defesa/.
Acesso em 14 out. 2021.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O Sars-Cov-2, causador da
Covid-19, e o HIV, causador da AIDS, podem levar à morte células de defesa
chamadas linfócitos T. Sobre essas células, marque a opção CORRETA: </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Estão
envolvidas na produção de anticorpos e na coagulação do sangue.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Formam o
sistema imunitário humano em conjunto com os eritrócitos (hemácias).</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Fazem parte do
tecido hematopoiético e concentram-se em órgãos do sistema linfático.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">São um tipo de
leucócito, células encontradas em maior quantidade no sangue humano.</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="background: white; color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; letter-spacing: 0.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Originam-se da
medula encontrada em órgãos como timo e baço e alojam-se nos tecidos
linfáticos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">10.
(Unesp 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O succinato é um metabólito que participa do ciclo
de Krebs. Quando a demanda energética aumenta muito nas fibras musculares e as
mitocôndrias não dão conta de atendê-la, um sistema anaeróbio é ativado, o que
reduz o pH e modifica a estrutura química do succinato. Essas alterações lhe
permitem passar pela membrana, escapar para o meio extracelular e enviar sinais
para a vizinhança, induzindo um processo de remodelamento do tecido muscular.
Os neurônios ligados aos músculos criam novas ramificações e as fibras musculares
passam a captar mais glicose da circulação para produzir ATP, havendo um ganho
de eficiência.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(www.agencia.fapesp.br, 18.09.2020. Adaptado.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A
redução do pH nas fibras musculares e as novas ramificações dos neurônios
ligados aos músculos estão relacionadas, respectivamente, <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">à produção excessiva de gás carbônico e ao aumento das ramificações
axoniais dos neurônios motores. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">à produção excessiva de gás carbônico e ao aumento do número de sinapses
entre os neurônios motores. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">à formação de lactato e ao aumento do número de terminações axoniais dos
neurônios motores. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">à produção excessiva de gás carbônico e ao aumento das ramificações dos
dendritos dos neurônios sensitivos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">à formação de lactato e ao aumento das ramificações dos dendritos dos
neurônios sensitivos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">11. (Enem 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os ursos, por não apresentarem uma hibernação
verdadeira, acordam por causa da presença de termogenina, uma proteína
mitocondrial que impede a chegada dos prótons até a ATP sintetase, gerando
calor. Esse calor é importante para aquecer o organismo, permitindo seu
despertar.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">SADAMA, D. et al. <i>Vida: a ciência da
biologia</i>. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000 (adaptado).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Em qual etapa do metabolismo energético celular a
termogenina interfere? </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Glicólise.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Fermentação
lática. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Ciclo do
ácido cítrico. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Oxidação
do piruvato. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Fosforilação
oxidativa. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">12. (Unisc 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Qual a definição, abaixo, está correta para os
osteoblastos? </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Célula
densa imatura que secreta componentes orgânicos (osteoide) da matriz. São
responsáveis pela produção de novo osso, processo chamado de osteogênese. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Célula-tronco
cuja divisão gera osteócitos. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Célula
que secreta ácidos e enzimas para dissolver a matriz óssea. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Célula
óssea madura que mantém e monitora o conteúdo de proteínas e minerais da matriz
óssea. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Tecido
fibroso que envolve externamente o osso. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">13. (Fcmmg 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Leia o texto abaixo:</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os vertebrados são em sua maior parte organismos essencialmente
aeróbios: eles convertem a glicose em piruvato através da via glicolítica.
Posteriormente, utilizam o oxigênio molecular para oxidar o piruvato,
produzindo gás carbônico (CO<sub>2</sub>) e água (H<sub>2</sub>O).<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os curtos pulsos de atividade muscular extrema, observados
durante uma corrida de 100 metros, são permitidos pelo catabolismo anaeróbico
da glicose, uma vez que o oxigênio não é transportado para os músculos com a
rapidez suficiente para oxidar o piruvato.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">NELSON, D. L. & COX, M. M. <i>Princípios
de Bioquímica de Lehninger</i>, 6ª ed. 2014. ADAPTADO.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale a alternativa CORRETA que explica os
eventos bioquímicos utilizados pelos músculos para obter a energia necessária
para a contração muscular durante uma corrida de 100 metros. </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os
músculos oxidam a glicose através de uma via metabólica denominada fermentação
láctica. Nesta via a glicose é oxidada a piruvato, o qual é convertido em ácido
láctico através de uma reação irreversível. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os
músculos oxidam a glicose através de uma via metabólica denominada fermentação
láctica. Nesta via a glicose é oxidada a piruvato, o qual é convertido em ácido
láctico através de uma reação reversível. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os
músculos oxidam o ácido graxo (AG) liberado da degradação do triacilglicerol
depositado nos adipócitos. Esse AG é utilizado como substrato para a síntese
muscular de glicose, fonte de energia. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os
músculos oxidam o glicerol liberado da degradação do triacilglicerol
depositados nos adipócitos. Esse glicerol é utilizado para a reesterificação do
triacilglicerol muscular. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">14. (Fgv 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A hipertensão pulmonar tromboembólica crônica
(HPTEC) é uma doença vascular relativamente rara, resultante de um coágulo na
artéria pulmonar. O que já está relativamente estabelecido sobre a doença é que,
nos portadores, há uma disfunção nas células endoteliais dos vasos pulmonares
que facilita a formação de coágulos, reduz o fluxo sanguíneo e sobrecarrega uma
das câmaras do coração.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(www.agencia.fapesp.br. Adaptado.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A HPTEC é uma doença vascular associada a uma
disfunção nas células do epitélio pavimentoso </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">simples
e que sobrecarrega o ventrículo direito do coração. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">estratificado
e que sobrecarrega o ventrículo direito do coração. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">simples
e que sobrecarrega o ventrículo esquerdo do coração. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">estratificado
e que sobrecarrega o átrio esquerdo do coração. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">simples
e que sobrecarrega o átrio esquerdo do coração. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">15. (Unesp 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Para mimetizar um tecido e obter uma estrutura para
enxertos em humanos, um grupo de pesquisadores utilizou a espongina, composta
por colágeno, e a biossílica das espículas provenientes de um invertebrado. A
associação da parte orgânica com a parte inorgânica resultou em um compósito
com propriedades muito similares às do tecido humano.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Karina
Ninni. https://agencia.fapesp.br, 10.09.2020. Adaptado.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O filo a que pertence o invertebrado mencionado e
um órgão humano que poderá receber o enxerto são </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">porífera
e fêmur. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">cnidária
e dente. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">porífera
e disco intervertebral. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">cnidária
e pele. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e) </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">cnidária
e bíceps. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">16. (Ufjf-pism 1 2020) Os neutrófilos
são um tipo de glóbulo branco do sangue. São responsáveis por combater
infecções. Eles são capazes de fagocitar bactérias invasoras em nosso
organismo. Em uma situação experimental, um cientista cultivou <i>in vitro </i>os
neutrófilos com bactérias Gram positivas, as quais apresentavam a parede
celular verde fluorescente. Uma hora após a infecção o cientista observou os
neutrófilos ao microscópio, e verificou a fluorescência verde em organelas
dentro dessas células.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Neste experimento quais organelas
celulares podem ser visualizadas pelo cientista, com a coloração
verde-fluorescente?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;">a) Mitocôndria e Núcleo. <br />b) Peroxissomo e Fagossomo. <br />c) Fagossomo e Lisossomo. <br />d) Mitocôndria e Complexo de Golgi. <br />e) Complexo de Golgi e Núcleo.</span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">17. (Famerp 2020) Na orelha humana
encontram-se os ossículos martelo, bigorna e estribo, que são essenciais ao
fenômeno da audição. Essas estruturas ficam localizadas na orelha __________,
apresentam células derivadas do tecido __________ e são ricas em __________.
Assinale a alternativa que preenche as lacunas do texto.</span></b></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;">a) interna – ósseo – carbonato de cálcio <br />b) média – ósseo – fosfato de cálcio <br />c) interna – ósseo – iodeto de potássio <br />d) interna – cartilaginoso elástico – fosfato de cálcio <br />e) média – cartilaginoso hialino – iodeto de potássio</span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">18. (Uerj 2020) No chamado <i>doping </i>sanguíneo,
atletas retiram determinado volume de sangue e o reintroduzem no corpo, em
momento próximo ao da competição.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Esse procedimento, que melhora o
desempenho do atleta, possibilita o aumento do seguinte parâmetro sanguíneo:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;">a) número de eritrócitos <br />b) capacidade anaeróbia <br />c) agregação plaquetária <br />d) concentração de ácido lático <br /></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">19. (Uerj 2020) A produção e a
transmissão do impulso nervoso nos neurônios têm origem no mecanismo da bomba
de sódio-potássio. Esse mecanismo é responsável pelo transporte de íons Na+ para
o meio extracelular e K+ para o interior da célula, gerando o sinal elétrico. A
ilustração abaixo representa esse processo.</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwdtmTGOevgnGR_buBTcUiF3NmSOzwSFmQhmyo15X2XsESCNXJobvMaQ40UzqKsQJP1y6f7SPmidnVY5xv8gbiSMOhfjlQm7kywNJ-KiBg_jxTdw42whPkvXHYy12qPsa9vfyWoaTYhgfcIWXyPpbET3tdbOZV4ODPvYyNGM5Q1ari8O2fw-Fj9urhlg/s412/19.%20membrana%20plasm%C3%A1tica%20rica%20em%20lip%C3%ADdeos.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="274" data-original-width="412" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwdtmTGOevgnGR_buBTcUiF3NmSOzwSFmQhmyo15X2XsESCNXJobvMaQ40UzqKsQJP1y6f7SPmidnVY5xv8gbiSMOhfjlQm7kywNJ-KiBg_jxTdw42whPkvXHYy12qPsa9vfyWoaTYhgfcIWXyPpbET3tdbOZV4ODPvYyNGM5Q1ari8O2fw-Fj9urhlg/s16000/19.%20membrana%20plasm%C3%A1tica%20rica%20em%20lip%C3%ADdeos.png" /></a></b></div><p></p><b><o:p></o:p></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Imagem_x0020_56" o:spid="_x0000_i1035" style="height: 156.75pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 236.25pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/profa/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O axônio de algumas células nervosas é envolvido
pela bainha de mielina, uma membrana plasmática </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">rica <span style="color: black;">em lipídeos.</span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-themecolor: text1;">Observe:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCnk6PI5iIBoj1qDo2xa3rHg_oSOPn7UXBna14EkSBHhyAA56AkSUfzgJqd6sY0OGi6kdzdQJde7c87qoSNrHUXGonM25v6_BAaCeO_Jwwbi5KmE3W8h5lZU4WOzz2yWgLaKIdWpf_nB5sB_SLfDM79ynN2XoWdTH3E0wfCAT_RXkCF-7ZaEjVrMaQDQ/s16000/19.%202.%20membrana%20plasm%C3%A1tica%20rica%20em%20lip%C3%ADdeos.png" /></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Imagem_x0020_57" o:spid="_x0000_i1034" style="height: 141pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 262.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/profa/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A composição da bainha de mielina
permite que ela desempenhe a seguinte função:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;">a) isolar o impulso nervoso <br />b) aumentar a polarização do neurônio <br />c) fornecer energia para o sinal elétrico <br />d) estimular a bomba de sódio-potássio</span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">20. (Enem 2019) A poluição radioativa
compreende mais de 200 nuclídeos, sendo que, do ponto de vista de impacto
ambiental, destacam-se o césio-137 e o estrôncio-90. A maior contribuição de
radionuclídeos antropogênicos no meio marinho ocorreu durante as décadas de
1950 e 1960, como resultado dos testes nucleares realizados na atmosfera. O
estrôncio-90 pode se acumular nos organismos vivos e em cadeias alimentares e,
em razão de sua semelhança química, pode participar no equilíbrio com carbonato
e substituir cálcio em diversos processos biológicos.</span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">FIGUEIRA, R. C. L.; CUNHA, I. I. L. A
contaminação dos oceanos por radionuclídeos antropogênicos. <i>Química Nova</i>,
n. 21, 1998 (adaptado).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Ao entrar numa cadeia alimentar da qual
o homem faz parte, em qual tecido do organismo humano o estrôncio-90 será
acumulado predominantemente?</span></b></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;">a) Cartilaginoso. <br />b) Sanguíneo. <br />c) Muscular. <br />d) Nervoso. <br />e) Ósseo. <br /></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">21. (Mackenzie 2019) O gráfico abaixo
mostra as variações do potencial elétrico da membrana plasmática de um
neurônio, em milivolts (mV), </span></b><b style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">em função do tempo, em milissegundos (ms).</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"></p><div style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -15.1333px;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNOz5iFtSxHA2aW-k7DoIUFaFo_EMKB7k_q0G4zXyd4pRkY9w2f7F7j9I7tii4Cf5cuV8yeIsVb9PtaR94NOch2Kw6u1y2nc8U5NrZ6oDFFzR35eO4ySKOPkeFksqAqcyC3zWfldGXRFsiXQv2G2GhLSQf_Wl3290YReGuQu9VT1x2j22Wkv8G0YcA7A/s653/21.%20varia%C3%A7%C3%B5es%20do%20potencial%20el%C3%A9trico%20da%20membrana%20plasm%C3%A1tica%20de%20um%20neur%C3%B4nio.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="490" data-original-width="653" height="388" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNOz5iFtSxHA2aW-k7DoIUFaFo_EMKB7k_q0G4zXyd4pRkY9w2f7F7j9I7tii4Cf5cuV8yeIsVb9PtaR94NOch2Kw6u1y2nc8U5NrZ6oDFFzR35eO4ySKOPkeFksqAqcyC3zWfldGXRFsiXQv2G2GhLSQf_Wl3290YReGuQu9VT1x2j22Wkv8G0YcA7A/w517-h388/21.%20varia%C3%A7%C3%B5es%20do%20potencial%20el%C3%A9trico%20da%20membrana%20plasm%C3%A1tica%20de%20um%20neur%C3%B4nio.png" width="517" /></a></div><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Tendo como referência as letras
presentes nesse gráfico; após o estímulo, o processo de despolarização
resultante da abertura dos canais de sódio dependentes de voltagem e o processo
de polarização resultante da bomba de sódio e potássio, ocorrem,
respectivamente, em<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;">a) A e B. <br />b) B e C. <br />c) A e D. <br />d) B e D. <br />e) C e A.</span><div><span style="font-family: Cambria;"><br /></span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">22. (Upf 2019) Analise a figura a seguir, que
mostra a estrutura de um neurônio, e assinale a alternativa que corretamente se
refere aos dendritos.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><b><br /></b></span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4LAI3FGv0EHgQgOGRzqo_bA8maAaQ2dicdFR6yFpxXdWfeykaGmwj_e0OpuhUltRSKBlTF-XPZs626RAwvauYM06hgjhuO06Wexs2t-trOYpLJXpYplSXsAGomKsOnYh0d2_-dinHJQ1shndszu1h9BF5BYSDquTpXOc4W8NoeRPntu7WOUPd9qFEJA/s600/22.%20estrutura%20de%20um%20neur%C3%B4nio.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="439" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4LAI3FGv0EHgQgOGRzqo_bA8maAaQ2dicdFR6yFpxXdWfeykaGmwj_e0OpuhUltRSKBlTF-XPZs626RAwvauYM06hgjhuO06Wexs2t-trOYpLJXpYplSXsAGomKsOnYh0d2_-dinHJQ1shndszu1h9BF5BYSDquTpXOc4W8NoeRPntu7WOUPd9qFEJA/s16000/22.%20estrutura%20de%20um%20neur%C3%B4nio.png" /></a></b></div><b><br /></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) Transmitem os impulsos nervosos do corpo celular
para outros neurônios, ou para órgãos efetores.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) São prolongamentos que recebem impulsos nervosos
e os conduzem para o corpo celular.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Liberam, em suas terminações, mediadores
químicos responsáveis pelas sinapses.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) São finas terminações nervosas do axônio, cujas
extremidades chegam muito próximo das células-alvo para formar as sinapses.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) São prolongamentos envoltos por uma bainha de
mielina.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">23. (Enem 2019) A eritropoetina (EPO) é
um hormônio endógeno secretado pelos rins que influencia a maturação dos
eritrócitos. Suas formas recombinantes, sintetizadas em laboratório, têm sido
usadas por alguns atletas</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">em esportes de resistência na busca por
melhores resultados. No entanto, a administração da EPO recombinante no esporte
foi proibida pelo Comitê Olímpico Internacional e seu uso considerado <i>doping</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">MARTELLI, A. Eritropoetina: síntese e
liberação fisiológica e o uso de sua forma recombinante no esporte. <i>Perspectivas
Online: biológicas & saúde</i>, v. 10, n. 3, 2013 (adaptado).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Uma influência que esse doping poderá
exercer na melhoria da capacidade física desses atletas está relacionada ao
transporte de<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) lipídios, para aumento do gasto calórico.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) ATP, para aumento da síntese hormonal.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) oxigênio, para aumento da produção de ATP.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) proteínas, para aumento da massa muscular.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) vitamina C, para aumento da integridade dos
vasos sanguíneos.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">24. (CPS 2019) A pele é o maior órgão
do corpo humano, revestindo toda a superfície corporal. Funciona como uma
barreira protetora contra as radiações solares, particularmente os raios
ultravioleta, lembrando que a exposição excessiva ao sol aumenta drasticamente
o risco de câncer de pele.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A pele atua também na proteção contra
agentes mecânicos (atrito e pressões), químicos (substâncias prejudiciais) e
biológicos (microrganismos patogênicos). Além disso, evita a excessiva perda de
água, desempenha importante papel na manutenção de nossa temperatura corporal e
na elaboração de metabólitos.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considerando as principais funções
desse órgão, é correto afirmar que<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) a presença de uma epiderme queratinizada, do
ponto de vista adaptativo, está diretamente relacionada à reserva nutritiva.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) as glândulas sudoríparas são responsáveis pela
produção do suor, ajudando a elevar a temperatura do corpo, ao ser eliminado.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) a transpiração diminui em dias frios e os vasos
sanguíneos da pele se dilatam, o que aumenta a perda de calor e mantém o corpo
aquecido.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) a transpiração aumenta em dias quentes e os
vasos sanguíneos da pele se contraem, o que diminui a irradiação de calor para
o meio, esfriando o corpo.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) a exposição da pele aos raios ultravioleta pode
causar vermelhidão, queimaduras e também estimula a produção de melanina, que a
protege dos efeitos negativos da radiação.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">25. (Ufpr 2019) Em animais
pluricelulares, as células organizam-se constituindo tecidos. Considerando os
tecidos, suas funções e as características das células que os constituem, assinale
a alternativa correta.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) O tecido muscular estriado esquelético é formado
por células fusiformes e é responsável pelo peristaltismo.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) Actina e miosina são células do tecido muscular
fundamentais para o processo de contração muscular.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Macrófagos são células típicas do tecido
conjuntivo, sendo responsáveis pela formação de células sanguíneas vermelhas.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Colágeno é o tipo de célula característica do
tecido cartilaginoso, que tem função de sustentação.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) Células nervosas possuem um corpo celular de
onde partem dois tipos de prolongamentos e permitem ao organismo responder a
estímulos do meio.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">26. (Cotuca 2019) O esquema a seguir
representa órgãos que constituem o sistema nervoso central. As funções de
memória, arco reflexo e equilíbrio são exercidas, respectivamente, por:</span></b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh058_pNdTSXmDgh3oRiaXUdxT7-6EIc8pGBkJNFyqJWNPpEpJVm7hRBJBESYLIDLsYaRzzOHuZ-zXjFHTJJKXq7uCt_05UA-zj1M-gjTkoOzPw5V2U7l0JxxoKgbVxDF9DMLWtdoO_9wRf5MxL6aOla738Y55glHwoj6-lcYUSvE72h3WFYUrPdB5VWQ/s379/26.%20%C3%B3rg%C3%A3os%20que%20constituem%20o%20sistema%20nervoso%20central.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="379" data-original-width="219" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh058_pNdTSXmDgh3oRiaXUdxT7-6EIc8pGBkJNFyqJWNPpEpJVm7hRBJBESYLIDLsYaRzzOHuZ-zXjFHTJJKXq7uCt_05UA-zj1M-gjTkoOzPw5V2U7l0JxxoKgbVxDF9DMLWtdoO_9wRf5MxL6aOla738Y55glHwoj6-lcYUSvE72h3WFYUrPdB5VWQ/s16000/26.%20%C3%B3rg%C3%A3os%20que%20constituem%20o%20sistema%20nervoso%20central.png" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;">a) 2, 1 e 3. <br />b) 3, 4 e 1. <br />c) 1, 3 e 2. <br />d) 1, 4 e 2. <br />e) 2, 1 e 4.</span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">27. (Fatec 2019) Segundo a Lei de
Benefícios da Previdência Social, sancionada em 1991, um trabalhador poderá ser
assegurado caso padeça de doença profissional, cuja definição, dada no Art. 20,
inclui os seguintes aspectos:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">- Doença profissional é aquela produzida ou
desencadeada pelo exercício do trabalho peculiar a determinada atividade;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">- Doenças profissionais não incluem as
degenerativas, as inerentes a grupo etário, as que não produzam incapacidade
laborativa, nem as endêmicas não resultantes de atividades profissionais.</span><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considerando apenas os termos dispostos
no artigo 20 dessa lei, um programador de softwares em Goiás poderá receber
amparo legal caso sofra de<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;">a) pé-de-atleta. <br />b) mal de Chagas. <br />c) tendinite crônica. <br />d) mal de Alzheimer. <br />e) anemia falciforme.</span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">28. (Fcmmg 2018) Representação
esquemática da localização e da estrutura de uma célula secretora:</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm7B0_ZAnxLw3jai7Oo_2LBho8Dl_uEF1WZ3gX1IlueYEX9AqNRVBr3PV0q9LtdM1JCsYPH1YpuzH0VQCsfM_Uaf8WuNEsQIPkIFUgpSZcitkDAnnzRvrYK1kLNgevrKaaMNu92X1Sei4MUow7JWlGbPWxOpPEGuoohDbb6EP_Ey_szLCn6eSttvxMkA/s573/28.%20%20Representa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20esquem%C3%A1tica%20da%20localiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20e%20da%20estrutura%20de%20uma%20c%C3%A9lula%20secretora.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="326" data-original-width="573" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm7B0_ZAnxLw3jai7Oo_2LBho8Dl_uEF1WZ3gX1IlueYEX9AqNRVBr3PV0q9LtdM1JCsYPH1YpuzH0VQCsfM_Uaf8WuNEsQIPkIFUgpSZcitkDAnnzRvrYK1kLNgevrKaaMNu92X1Sei4MUow7JWlGbPWxOpPEGuoohDbb6EP_Ey_szLCn6eSttvxMkA/s16000/28.%20%20Representa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20esquem%C3%A1tica%20da%20localiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20e%20da%20estrutura%20de%20uma%20c%C3%A9lula%20secretora.png" /></a></b></div><b><br /></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Imagem_x0020_62" o:spid="_x0000_i1030" style="height: 149.25pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 262.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/profa/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O número que NÃO corresponde à
estrutura indicada é:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;">a) 1= Vesícula de Pinocitose <br />b) 2 = Complexo Golgiense <br />c) 3 = Retículo Endoplasmático Granuloso <br />d) 4 = Célula Acinosa <br /></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">29. (IFPE 2018) Os tecidos são
conjuntos de células que atuam de modo integrado no desempenho de determinadas
funções. Nos animais, há quatro tipos de tecidos: epiteliais, como a epiderme
que reveste a pele; conjuntivos, como o tecido ósseo; musculares, como o tecido
cardíaco; e o nervoso, constituinte do cérebro. Os tecidos epiteliais são
classificados em epitélios de revestimento e de secreção ou glandulares. Como
exemplos de epitélios de revestimento, temos a epiderme, que protege a pele
contra agentes físicos, químicos ou biológicos; e o epitélio intestinal,
atuante na absorção de nutrientes resultantes da digestão; e, como epitélios
glandulares, citam-se: as glândulas sudoríparas que, ao produzirem suor, evitam
o superaquecimento corpóreo e as glândulas mamárias, indispensáveis na
amamentação dos recém-nascidos.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">LOPES. S.; ROSSO, S. Bio – 1. ed. – São
Paulo: Saraiva, 2010. 480 p.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">De acordo com o texto, o tecido
epitelial está associado a mais de uma função. Dentre essas, é possível
constatar as seguintes:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) absorção de nutrientes, sustentação corpórea e
condução nervosa.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) contração muscular, condução nervosa e
relaxamento muscular.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) revestimento corpóreo, condução de impulsos
elétricos e absorção de nutrientes.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) transporte de gases respiratórios, sustentação
corpórea e defesa do corpo.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) proteção corpórea, absorção de nutrientes e
secreção de substâncias.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">30. (Usf 2018) O estudo do transporte e
regulação do íon cálcio no coração tem-se estendido e o projeto “Transporte de
cálcio em miócitos ventriculares de ratos durante o desenvolvimento pós-natal”
é um exemplo disso<i>.<o:p></o:p></i></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sendo um íon responsável pela contração
do músculo cardíaco, há fortes indicações de que muitas doenças que levam a
insuficiências nas funções do coração, como hipertensão arterial, isquemia
miocárdica, hipertrofia e distúrbio de ritmo, estão ligadas a alterações no
transporte de cálcio.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Disponível em:
<http://revistapesquisa.fapesp.br/1999/03/01/dentro-docoracao/>. Acesso
em: 11/10/2017 (Adaptado).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Com base nos conhecimentos sobre o íon
cálcio no organismo, é correto afirmar que<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) ele é responsável pela contração do músculo cardíaco
porque promove os deslizamentos dos miofilamentos delgados de miosina sobre os miofilamentos
espessos de actina.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) a ocorrência do relaxamento da célula muscular<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">cardíaca depende do gasto energético para a remoção
do cálcio e devolução ao interior do retículo endoplasmático rugoso.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) ele atua na contração dos miócitos, na
coagulação sanguínea e na transmissão do impulso nervoso.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) se houver uma redução da concentração de paratormônio,
também ocorrerá um aumento na concentração do cálcio na circulação sanguínea, e
doenças que levam à insuficiência cardíaca tornam-se menos prováveis.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) o transporte dele em miócitos ventriculares de ratos,
durante o desenvolvimento pós-natal, envolve a sua passagem pelo tonoplasto.</span></p><span style="font-family: Cambria; font-weight: bold;"><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria;">31. (Mackenzie 2018) Assinale a alternativa correta a respeito das estruturas apontadas no </span><span style="text-align: justify;">esquema.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1cH4_Yt0CgK0XIOhMFwerpmtjL4Fgpci2L3dCZ5Y9AzZAhv7r-lYpL2GFxjZChIxOoIx_GYPiLmMIe-q1FYrWZjzpbrc55VBWe7ixCdWQyf7VWrDsgSVZ0vjlTNHfuc7p5-o5kHLcFDhCfjkLgfyL1StgswJCX4U08AqKjropVMdQrEDfPZIl9wGX1A/s480/31.%20Estrutura.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="321" data-original-width="480" height="259" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1cH4_Yt0CgK0XIOhMFwerpmtjL4Fgpci2L3dCZ5Y9AzZAhv7r-lYpL2GFxjZChIxOoIx_GYPiLmMIe-q1FYrWZjzpbrc55VBWe7ixCdWQyf7VWrDsgSVZ0vjlTNHfuc7p5-o5kHLcFDhCfjkLgfyL1StgswJCX4U08AqKjropVMdQrEDfPZIl9wGX1A/w387-h259/31.%20Estrutura.png" width="387" /></a></div></span></div></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape id="Imagem_x0020_63" o:spid="_x0000_i1029" style="height: 124.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 186pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:/Users/profa/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image009.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) A seta 5 indica as meninges, responsáveis por toda
a oxigenação do tecido nervoso.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) Na estrutura apontada em 2, a substância cinzenta
é mais profunda enquanto que a substância branca é superficial.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Uma lesão na região apontada em 1 pode levar à dificuldade
de coordenação motora.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Na região apontada por 4, não há neurônios, já que
sua função é produzir hormônios.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) Todas as funções exercidas pela estrutura apontada
pela seta 3 se relacionam com ações voluntárias.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">32. (Upe-ssa 1 2018) Observe a charge a seguir:</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><b><br /></b></span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGsPrBwWbNSg-7D8NkJK5jwrn5uqNyyvlzESK7sm751H4cPLg4VBhXIU1MAEZIg1QSMgy3Cs-cOGUWGSmh4sRqf-AdZ6IEGj5l_x5FJze8uAOqBJPjALbWhiwrNt_dgSqZg-qOwjjVntr679KRrm3lPRG6zYJDaOXXFW1T4fsmNIzC2R2tLOCs1KEkpQ/s477/32.%20pode-se%20entender%20que%20a%20vida%20dos%20organismos%20pluricelulares.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="250" data-original-width="477" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGsPrBwWbNSg-7D8NkJK5jwrn5uqNyyvlzESK7sm751H4cPLg4VBhXIU1MAEZIg1QSMgy3Cs-cOGUWGSmh4sRqf-AdZ6IEGj5l_x5FJze8uAOqBJPjALbWhiwrNt_dgSqZg-qOwjjVntr679KRrm3lPRG6zYJDaOXXFW1T4fsmNIzC2R2tLOCs1KEkpQ/s16000/32.%20pode-se%20entender%20que%20a%20vida%20dos%20organismos%20pluricelulares.png" /></a></b></div><b><o:p></o:p></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 4pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sobre ela, pode-se entender que a vida
dos organismos pluricelulares inicia-se com, apenas, uma única célula, a
célula-ovo, após a fecundação. As demais células se originam dela pela divisão
celular do tipo mitose e terão as mesmas informações genéticas; no entanto,
exercerão funções diferentes por causa da expressão gênica. Isso quer dizer que
cada diferente tipo de célula possui a inibição ou a ativação de determinados
grupos de genes, responsáveis por definir a função de cada uma delas. Com base
nisso, assinale a alternativa que descreve a origem e a função de células e
tecidos no nosso corpo.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) Os adipócitos são células, que constituem o
tecido adiposo, um tipo de tecido conjuntivo denso. São especializadas no
armazenamento de substâncias lipídicas, de colesterol e na manutenção da
temperatura do corpo.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) Assim como os adipócitos, os fibroblastos são
células de natureza conjuntiva, originadas por diferenciação dos linfócitos
tipo B. Os fibroblastos respondem pela síntese de colágeno e da substância intercelular.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Os melanócitos são células da epiderme, situadas
junto à lâmina basal e especializadas na produção de melanina, pigmento escuro,
de natureza orgânica sintetizada a partir do aminoácido tirosina, que dá cor à
pele e aos pelos.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Os neurônios são células especializadas que
formam o tecido nervoso, derivado da mesoderme. Os neurônios respondem aos
estímulos e são constituídos por um corpo celular ou pericárdio, pelo axônio e
pelos dendritos.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) Outras células, como a micróglia e os
astrócitos, constituem o tecido nervoso; são chamados de gliócitos ou células
gliais; recebem e transmitem os estímulos nervosos; respondem pela defesa por
fagocitose e pela nutrição dos neurônios, respectivamente.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">33. (Upe-ssa 1 2017) Nos últimos anos,
vem crescendo a compreensão de que a membrana, de aspecto frágil ao
microscópio, desempenha funções bem mais complexas que a de somente separar o
conteúdo interno do meio externo das células. Uma origem embrionária comum pode
explicar o fato de a membrana dos macrófagos e a das micróglias compartilharem
as mesmas propriedades elásticas. Ambas as células são provenientes da
mesoderme; além disso, têm de suportar forças intensas e grande deformação da
superfície durante a fagocitose, o que justifica membranas mais resistentes.
Assim, as propriedades elásticas da membrana conservam uma relação direta com a
função da célula no organismo.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Fonte:
http://revistapesquisa.fapesp.br/2013/11/18/fronteiras-fluidas/ (Adaptado).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sobre isso, é CORRETO afirmar que<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) a fagocitose nos mecanismos de defesa do corpo é
muito importante e só é possível por causa da parede celular que facilita a
alteração da forma, por mudar de acordo com o ambiente e o estado em que a
célula se encontra, influenciando seu desempenho.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) a mesoderme é uma das duas camadas de células
que formam o embrião em seus estágios iniciais e da qual todas as células dos
sistemas sanguíneo e nervoso central se originam. Assim, a origem comum
favorece a migração de macrófagos e micróglia para a mesma região do corpo,
durante o desenvolvimento.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) de modo semelhante à micróglia, os macrófagos
também habitam o sistema nervoso central e realizam fagocitose, emitindo
prolongamentos que identificam, englobam e destroem tanto células velhas como
agentes infecciosos e partículas estranhas ao organismo.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) micróglia é a principal célula de defesa do
sistema nervoso central. Ela sonda o ambiente à procura de células doentes e
agentes infecciosos. Quando os encontra, emite prolongamentos e os engloba por
fagocitose com o auxílio da rede de actina do citoesqueleto.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) o que determina, em grande parte, a plasticidade
da membrana é o retículo endoplasmático, uma rede difusa de filamentos da
proteína queratina que se distribui pelo interior da célula e se ancora nos
lipídeos da membrana.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">34. (IFPE 2017) Em diversos países, o
consumo dos pés de galinha é quase zero, mas na China esse produto é bastante
valorizado. Só o Brasil, nos últimos anos, exportou para esse país cerca de 200
mil toneladas por ano e o grande consumo dessa iguaria deve-se ao benefício que
proporciona ao organismo por ser fonte de colágeno, uma proteína que
proporciona flexibilidade, resistência e elasticidade aos tecidos conjuntivos.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">É CORRETO dizer que a deficiência de
colágeno, denominada “colagenose” acarreta<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;">a) inflamação nas juntas e má formação óssea. <br />b) regeneração e cicatrização dos tecidos. <br />c) combate à flacidez cutânea e muscular. <br />d) fortalecimento das unhas e crescimento capilar. <br />e) prevenção ao aparecimento da osteoporose.</span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">35. (Enem 2017) Pesquisadores criaram
um tipo de plaqueta artificial, feita com um polímero gelatinoso coberto de
anticorpos, que promete agilizar o processo de coagulação quando injetada no
corpo. Se houver sangramento, esses anticorpos fazem com que a plaqueta mude
sua forma e se transforme em uma espécie de rede que gruda nas lesões dos vasos
sanguíneos e da pele.</span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">MOUTINHO, S. Coagulação acelerada.
Disponível em: http://cienciahoje.uol.com.br. Acesso em: 19 fev. 2013
(adaptado).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Qual a doença cujos pacientes teriam
melhora de seu estado de saúde com o uso desse material?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;">a) Filariose. <br />b) Hemofilia. <br />c) Aterosclerose. <br />d) Doença de Chagas. <br />e) Síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida. <br /></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">36. (CPS 2017) Durante o verão, devido
às férias, ficamos mais tempo ao ar livre e expostos à radiação solar,
aumentando o risco de queimaduras. Nesta época, os raios ultravioleta
apresentam maior intensidade e, por isso, todos os cuidados com a pele devem
ser tomados para evitar os efeitos prejudiciais.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A pele é o maior órgão do corpo humano.
Reveste, atua na defesa e colabora com outros órgãos para o bom funcionamento
do organismo como, por exemplo, agindo no controle da temperatura corporal e na
elaboração de metabólitos. Possui algumas estruturas especializadas, chamadas
anexos da pele: pelos, unhas e glândulas sebáceas e sudoríparas. É constituída
de epiderme e derme, tecidos intimamente unidos, que atuam de forma harmônica e
cooperativa.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 6pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sob a derme, a gordura se concentra no
tecido adiposo, que funciona como isolante térmico e contribui para a
manutenção de uma temperatura constante.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Com relação a esse órgão, assinale a
alternativa correta.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) A derme atua na absorção total da luz,
garantindo que o organismo adquira resistência a esse tipo de radiação.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) As glândulas sebáceas produzem lipídios (o
chamado sebo), que aumenta o ressecamento da pele e dos pelos.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) A presença de uma camada de gordura sob a derme
é importante na produção de sangue e na pigmentação da pele.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) A epiderme constitui a camada mais externa de
defesa do corpo, protegendo o organismo contra a penetração de agentes
externos.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) As glândulas sudoríparas são responsáveis por
eliminar o suor, solução salina diluída que, ao evaporar, aumenta a temperatura
do corpo.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">37. (Ufrgs 2017) O maratonista
brasileiro Vanderlei Cordeiro de Lima foi o responsável por acender a pira
olímpica na cerimônia de abertura dos Jogos do Rio-2016.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sobre o tecido muscular dos atletas
maratonistas, é correto afirmar que<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) é constituído por igual quantidade de fibras de
contração rápida e de contração lenta.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) apresenta baixa quantidade de mioglobina.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) contém predominância de fibras de contração
lenta com alta irrigação sanguínea.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) contém predominância de fibras de contração
rápida com grande quantidade de mitocôndrias.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) é constituído por células uninucleadas.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">38. (Ulbra 2016) Segundo a Organização
Mundial de Saúde, o tabagismo é a principal causa de morte evitável em todo o
mundo, responsável por 63% dos óbitos relacionados às doenças crônicas não
transmissíveis. Muitos dos órgãos e sistemas corporais podem ser afetados pelas
mais de 4.000 substâncias presentes nos produtos à base de tabaco. Um dos
sistemas mais comprometidos pela inalação da fumaça do cigarro é o
respiratório. Este sistema pode ser caracterizado, em estado de normalidade,
por<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) apresentar o revestimento traqueal e brônquico
formado por um epitélio pseudoestratificado colunar ciliado dotado de células
caliciformes.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) espaços alveolares delimitados por epitélio
estratificado pavimentoso, formado pelos pneumócitos tipo I e tipo II.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) apresentar pregas vocais associadas à porção
mediana da faringe.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) movimentos dos músculos bucinadores, para cima e
para baixo, que variam o volume da caixa torácica.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) apresentar um percurso inspiratório dos
bronquíolos para os alvéolos e daí para os brônquios.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">39. (Pucpr 2015) Além de apanhar e sair
das lutas com muitos hematomas, os atletas que praticam MMA (<i>Mixed Martial
Arts</i>) exibem certa particularidade estética que, muitas vezes, impressiona
quem não está acostumado com o esporte: as orelhas deformadas. De acordo com os
especialistas, o trauma contínuo das lutas faz com que as orelhas fiquem dessa
forma. Dentro do vocabulário médico, o problema também é conhecido como
“pericondrite”. O cirurgião plástico Alexandre Barbosa, da Clínica de Cirurgia
Plástica de São Paulo, afirma que isso ocorre porque com os atritos e
esmagamentos constantes sofridos nas orelhas durante treinos e lutas, contra o
chão, o braço do adversário, e outros, aparecem hematomas entre a cartilagem e
o pericôndrio, tecido que fica entre a pele e a cartilagem e que é responsável
pela nutrição da região. “É comum a inflamação naquele espaço em função do
trauma. A falta de suprimento sanguíneo pode conduzir a uma necrose que resulta
em reação fibrosa severa, ou seja, uma 'nova' cartilagem é construída para
preencher aquele espaço lesionado. Cada vez que ocorre a inflamação, um pouco
de cartilagem se forma. Assim, esse aspecto se torna inevitável”, explica.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: right; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Adaptado de:
<http://saude.terra.com.br/entenda-por-que-orelhas-doslutadores-ficam-deformadas.html>.
.Acesso em: 20.09.2014</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgP3Q2rdAUu0Q4mLpZNq1mdq_6hYZVBSCRwkIIjYq4t0XbtnGJeGm-r-ugYDMz_FEkdxmNlf7U_lEVS1QqvMJz4ov05MoYsbXNha6sP6DzMGoZgwu_vTFmsB5EdxfLI__55iOyegto-MmjD-b-oTL9ABFHjaLcCqw3p9svULSc3_dPFRbRg8RLWwbAvOg/s486/39.%20o%20termo%20pericondrite%20diz%20respeito%20a%20uma%20inflama%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20no%20peric%C3%B4ndrio.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="384" data-original-width="486" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgP3Q2rdAUu0Q4mLpZNq1mdq_6hYZVBSCRwkIIjYq4t0XbtnGJeGm-r-ugYDMz_FEkdxmNlf7U_lEVS1QqvMJz4ov05MoYsbXNha6sP6DzMGoZgwu_vTFmsB5EdxfLI__55iOyegto-MmjD-b-oTL9ABFHjaLcCqw3p9svULSc3_dPFRbRg8RLWwbAvOg/s16000/39.%20o%20termo%20pericondrite%20diz%20respeito%20a%20uma%20inflama%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20no%20peric%C3%B4ndrio.png" /></a></b></div><b><br />No texto, o termo pericondrite diz
respeito a uma inflamação no pericôndrio. Que tecido forma o pericôndrio?<o:p></o:p></b><p></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;">a) Tecido conjuntivo denso. <br />b) Tecido cartilaginoso. <br />c) Tecido epitelial. <br />d) Tecido conjuntivo frouxo. <br />e) Tecido muscular.</span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">40. (IFSP 2014) Na tabela, a seguir,
está listada a quantidade de água encontrada em diferentes órgãos humanos
vivos, proporcionalmente à massa total de cada uma dessas estruturas:</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3LRRyHny5EGAQCyJ09P80IUoeYtlKuSF2qJi3t__uuyCvXm5mAf_yijbRSOUZVI7GmalI4h71IDCOF5_Ba9FbOtJsrq_j6AVkZbxJsYwghgmDkWTbAUbJpBkwzBr1XyKHfSRmMP6bDvp-mR1CQhvldajp1HW-l5Ojq1-IpAcv4DXyv2JcYWOz76TPmw/s308/40.%20quantidade%20de%20%C3%A1gua%20encontrada%20em%20diferentes.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="154" data-original-width="308" height="154" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3LRRyHny5EGAQCyJ09P80IUoeYtlKuSF2qJi3t__uuyCvXm5mAf_yijbRSOUZVI7GmalI4h71IDCOF5_Ba9FbOtJsrq_j6AVkZbxJsYwghgmDkWTbAUbJpBkwzBr1XyKHfSRmMP6bDvp-mR1CQhvldajp1HW-l5Ojq1-IpAcv4DXyv2JcYWOz76TPmw/s1600/40.%20quantidade%20de%20%C3%A1gua%20encontrada%20em%20diferentes.png" width="308" /></a></b></div><b><br /></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Considere que exista uma relação direta
entre a quantidade de água presente nos tecidos humanos vivos e a taxa
metabólica de suas células. Dessa forma, levando em consideração apenas os
órgãos listados na tabela, é esperado que seja observado um maior consumo de
oxigênio nos tecidos presentes<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;">a) nos rins. <br />b) nos ossos. <br />c) nos dentes. <br />d) nos músculos. <br />e) no encéfalo. <br /></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">41. (Unesp 2014) Alguns <i>chefs </i>de
cozinha sugerem que o peru não deve ser preparado inteiro, pois a carne do
peito e a da coxa têm características diferentes, que exigem preparos
diferentes. A carne do peito é branca e macia, e pode ressecar dependendo do
modo como é preparada. A carne da coxa, mais escura, é mais densa e suculenta e
deve ser preparada separadamente.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 71.8pt 98.7pt 156.75pt 220.15pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Embora
os perus comercializados em supermercados venham de criações em confinamento, </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">o que</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> <b><span style="color: black;">pode alterar o desenvolvimento
da musculatura, eles ainda mantêm as características das populações selvagens,
nas quais a textura e a coloração da carne do peito e da coxa decorrem da
composição de suas fibras musculares e da adequação dessas musculaturas às
funções que exercem. Considerando as funções desses músculos nessas aves, é
correto afirmar que a carne<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) do peito é formada por fibras musculares de
contração lenta, pobres em mitocôndrias e em mioglobina, e eficientes na
realização de esforço moderado e prolongado.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) do peito é rica em fibras musculares de
contração rápida, ricas em mitocôndrias e em mioglobina, e eficientes na
realização de esforço intenso de curta duração.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) da coxa é formada por fibras musculares de
contração lenta, ricas em mitocôndrias e em mioglobina, e eficientes na
realização de esforço moderado e prolongado.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) da coxa é formada por fibras musculares de
contração rápida, pobres em mitocôndrias e em mioglobina, e eficientes na
realização de esforço intenso de curta duração.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) do peito é rica em fibras musculares de
contração lenta, ricas em mitocôndrias e em mioglobina, e eficientes na
realização de esforço moderado e prolongado.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">42. (Upf 2014) “Dois homens atingidos
pela árvore que caiu na tarde do último sábado no Parque da Redenção, em Porto
Alegre, seguem internados no Hospital de Pronto Socorro. (...) Uma das vítimas,
um jovem de 21 anos, realizou uma cirurgia na tarde de domingo (...). Ele foi
atingido na região abdominal e perdeu 30% do estômago, o baço inteiro e 70% do
pâncreas.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(<i>Zero Hora</i>, 02/09/13 -
Adaptado).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O fato de o jovem perder o baço e parte
do pâncreas tem influência sobre seu organismo porque as funções desses dois
órgãos correspondem, respectivamente, a:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) produção de glucagon e produção de insulina.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) produção de adrenalina e filtragem do sangue
para remoção de micro-organismos.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) destruição de hemácias envelhecidas e produção
de insulina.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) produção de glucagon e produção de adrenalina.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) destruição de hemácias envelhecidas e filtragem
do sangue para remoção de micro-organismos.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">43. (Unesp 2014) Três pacientes
recorreram a um laboratório de análises clínicas para fazer um hemograma, exame
que registra informações sobre os componentes celulares do sangue. O paciente
1, bastante pálido, apresentava cansaço constante; o paciente 2 era portador do
vírus HIV e apresentava baixa imunidade; o paciente 3 trazia relatos de
sangramentos por causa ainda a ser investigada.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As fichas de registro, A, B e C,
apresentam alguns resultados dos exames desses três pacientes.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><b><br /></b></span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgddf2O77Mkl-3yQKLE0B8gBLFShPTgknV465hnuzcYPgc6YqeUkMI2Tlfp2dnJMhptdFgkb6kyRn3AP-VBfAqM-YygrK7gXt7eEcuFSOySBc0HRMAjBBq3aygg0HbYHST0yb9McReT9okKKJyZpPAMIM4AC-13QW7dbNCkwG82yhb_VMKcAEU0BmvPfw/s477/43.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="218" data-original-width="477" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgddf2O77Mkl-3yQKLE0B8gBLFShPTgknV465hnuzcYPgc6YqeUkMI2Tlfp2dnJMhptdFgkb6kyRn3AP-VBfAqM-YygrK7gXt7eEcuFSOySBc0HRMAjBBq3aygg0HbYHST0yb9McReT9okKKJyZpPAMIM4AC-13QW7dbNCkwG82yhb_VMKcAEU0BmvPfw/s16000/43.png" /></a></b></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">É correto afirmar que as fichas A, B e
C correspondem, respectivamente, aos pacientes<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;">a) 3, 1 e 2. <br />b) 1, 3 e 2. <br />c) 2, 3 e 1. <br />d) 1, 2 e 3. <br />e) 2, 1 e 3. <br /></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">44. (Udesc 2014) O tecido cartilaginoso
pode ser encontrado na orelha, no nariz, na traqueia e nas articulações e
possui algumas características que são comuns aos demais tecidos conjuntivos.
Analise as proposições abaixo, quanto ao tecido cartilaginoso.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I. As células jovens do tecido cartilaginoso são
chamadas de condroblastos e as células adultas de condrócitos.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II. As fibras colágenas e as fibras elásticas, em
associação com proteínas e carboidratos, conferem consistência e flexibilidade
ao tecido.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III. O tecido cartilaginoso adulto é calcificado e
apresenta os canais de Havers, responsáveis pela nutrição das células.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">IV. A abundância de glândulas mucosas, nervos e
vasos sanguíneos permite a fácil regeneração deste tecido.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale a alternativa correta.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;">a) Somente as afirmativas III e IV são verdadeiras. <br />b) Somente as afirmativas I, II e III são verdadeiras. <br />c) Somente as afirmativas I e II são verdadeiras. <br />d) Somente as afirmativas I e IV são verdadeiras. <br />e) Todas as afirmativas são verdadeiras. <br /></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">45. (Ufrgs 2014) As glândulas
sudoríparas contribuem para a manutenção da temperatura corporal. Essas
glândulas são<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;">a) pluricelulares, apócrinas e endócrinas. <br />b) pluricelulares, merócrinas e exócrinas. <br />c) pluricelulares, holócrinas e mistas. <br />d) unicelulares, apócrinas e exócrinas. <br />e) unicelulares, merócrinas e mistas.</span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">46. (Upe 2013) Os músculos esqueléticos
dos vertebrados são compostos por dois tipos de fibras: I – as fibras lentas
oxidativas ou vermelhas, e II – as fibras rápidas ou brancas. O tipo de
atividade física exercida por uma pessoa pode, até um certo grau, alterar a
proporção dessas fibras em seu corpo. De acordo com a modalidade esportiva e o
tipo de treinamento, quais desses atletas olímpicos apresentam maior número de
fibras lentas?</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I. Corredor de 100 m<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II. Maratonista (percorre 42 km)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III. Nadador de 1.500 m IV. Levantador de peso V.
Atleta de salto</span></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;"><br />a) I e II <br />b) I e III <br />c) II e III <br />d) III e IV <br />e) IV e V</span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">47. (Fgv 2013) O tecido nervoso do ser
humano é composto por bilhões de células, desempenhando diversas funções, entre
elas a condução do impulso nervoso.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A figura ilustra uma organização
sequencial de neurônios nos quais a sinapse é química, e mediada por
neurotransmissores.</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif;"><b><br /></b></span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuFQWjcgP2-QFI02n-6kLhofeQM6yPzsDfafxU0k74KY4BbP4MkCDYI44TWG9FPJZZOEx9FogkVxkuTvfHbR67Cz0qFjwbhQDG0_0Uklg-dbZQu_rwVeLKpd8C7uAjdKRuW34lB8uqmcA7h-N3aqp4woUvuRq8JSrvUIii6jnXbZfE9Clusob4k2mlrg/s576/47.%20percurso%20celular%20de%20um%20impulso%20nervoso.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="429" data-original-width="576" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuFQWjcgP2-QFI02n-6kLhofeQM6yPzsDfafxU0k74KY4BbP4MkCDYI44TWG9FPJZZOEx9FogkVxkuTvfHbR67Cz0qFjwbhQDG0_0Uklg-dbZQu_rwVeLKpd8C7uAjdKRuW34lB8uqmcA7h-N3aqp4woUvuRq8JSrvUIii6jnXbZfE9Clusob4k2mlrg/s16000/47.%20percurso%20celular%20de%20um%20impulso%20nervoso.png" /></a></b></div><b><br /><o:p></o:p></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Tal organização é fundamental, pois o
percurso</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">celular de um impulso nervoso, neste
caso, é<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) unidirecional em todos os neurônios, e também em
suas terminações.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) bidirecional em todos os neurônios, e também em
suas terminações.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) reversível na maioria dos neurônios, não o sendo
em suas terminações.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) unidirecional, dependendo de seu estímulo inicial
em suas terminações.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) bidirecional, dependendo de seu estímulo inicial
em suas terminações.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">48. (Ufsj 2013) Observe a imagem abaixo.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A partir dessa imagem assinale a
alternativa<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">CORRETA.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) Os dendritos e os axônios são responsáveis pela condução
do impulso nervoso. O que os diferencia é que o axônio é o prolongamento mais
longo e não ramificado e os dendritos são prolongamentos mais finos e
ramificados.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) O axônio é o prolongamento celular mais longo dos
neurônios e é responsável por conduzir o impulso nervoso.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Os dendritos e axônios são caracterizados por
sua função em conduzir impulso nervoso e não por sua morfologia. Assim, através
dos dendritos, o impulso nervoso é transmitido na direção do corpo celular e
através dos axônios o impulso nervoso é conduzido a partir do corpo celular.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Os neurônios são tipos celulares diferenciados que
têm como característica prolongamentos celulares finos e ramificados chamados
de dendritos e um prolongamento longo chamado de axônio.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">49. (Udesc 2013) Analise as proposições
abaixo<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">em relação ao tecido muscular.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I. Nos três tipos de tecidos musculares, ou seja, tecido
muscular estriado cardíaco, tecido muscular estriado esquelético e tecido
muscular liso, a contração muscular ocorre por meio do deslizamento dos
filamentos de actina em relação ao de miosina, diminuindo assim a distância
entre as duas linhas Z (o espaço entre as duas linhas Z é chamado de sarcômero,
que é a unidade de contração das células musculares).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II. O tecido muscular estriado cardíaco é
constituído por células longas com estrias transversais, e sua contração é
involuntária.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III. O tecido muscular estriado esquelético é
constituído por células mononucleadas com estrias longitudinais, e sua
contração é lenta e involuntária.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">IV. O tecido muscular liso é constituído por
células mononucleadas, sem estrias transversais, e sua contração é
involuntária.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale a alternativa correta.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) Somente as afirmativas I, II e IV são
verdadeiras.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) Somente as afirmativas I e III são verdadeiras.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) Somente as afirmativas II e IV são verdadeiras.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Somente as afirmativas II e III são verdadeiras.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) Somente as afirmativas I, II e III são
verdadeiras.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">50. (Ufrgs 2013) Considere a figura
abaixo, que representa uma vista lateral de um joelho humano.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale a alternativa que apresenta os
tipos dos tecidos conjuntivos que correspondem, respectivamente, aos números 1,
2, 3 da figura.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;">a) cartilaginoso – denso – frouxo <br />b) reticular – frouxo – cartilaginoso <br />c) frouxo – reticular – frouxo <br />d) cartilaginoso – frouxo – denso <br />e) frouxo – cartilaginoso – denso</span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.portaldovestibulando.com/2023/01/histologia-lista-de-exercicios-simulado.html" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="55" data-original-width="266" height="55" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtXqu2ov2LkTVU_i6ODTxdz5YBpowuZsq1lWKkoodAkTx55m2OloVAD8p8XwClf9smJx5scZq7Xd2S02M-jhvgOt_3EyS3AaSi5WLwYvbm_Hryblb_xbqGMLoLmkRaWfUibwI7cyO9mU3IEJBGy6o0A78B7YiTiAdhg89FjBWFdjpWeulVON3mIOaXyw/s1600/Gabarito.png" width="266" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/file/fhyvude9l0x7kid/Biologia+-+Histologia+-+Lista+de+Exercícios.pdf/file" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_eNxeOTGIX6jEgnwFDfnLKlUNK2YxMoasIJyXi_co9HZp-5LWj3qrf2oKCThKIioYS4BgyrM3ZGB-EW5tBcgyNC6y5GNsAziGXNAo9vf71GWtnr--Z2otWDQo2Tf-pMu17Nc5JFYzwo2n2qF7zgaTbkvfrpdGZSBGTAld1G1dn_x57uHVA7IcupzAAg/s1600/Lista%20de%20exerc%C3%ADcios.png" width="275" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div>Portal do Vestibulandohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03466686065222700679noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5538522159417475835.post-65295232894651213012023-01-21T21:36:00.002-04:002023-01-21T21:37:39.998-04:00Filosofia da Educação - Lista de Exercícios - Simulado<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwAXa2wvCj_958dH7mwZHT2svx9NCogUOCGAtfutuaJd3A2KxID4RH4jg-cW1Zs44iQh0p2Ii_eOSCzwqu1cck1FW3m-n9U9q345BF4jrPYAZ98tGil5kf55_gCLOpVIL9eUp6C3gLpS-dxBNKwS9R7LESg8zrJV-sTpcwHja64g1OTs2Vpyzjxr7dsQ/s600/filosofia%20da%20Educa%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="469" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwAXa2wvCj_958dH7mwZHT2svx9NCogUOCGAtfutuaJd3A2KxID4RH4jg-cW1Zs44iQh0p2Ii_eOSCzwqu1cck1FW3m-n9U9q345BF4jrPYAZ98tGil5kf55_gCLOpVIL9eUp6C3gLpS-dxBNKwS9R7LESg8zrJV-sTpcwHja64g1OTs2Vpyzjxr7dsQ/s16000/filosofia%20da%20Educa%C3%A7%C3%A3o.png" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">1.
(Uece 2022) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Neste ano, comemoramos o centenário de nascimento
do Patrono da Educação Brasileira, o Professor Paulo Freire (1921-1997). Atente
para a seguinte passagem de sua autoria:</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“[...]
a educação é uma forma de intervenção no mundo [...], que além do conhecimento
dos conteúdos bem ou mal ensinados e/ou aprendidos implica tanto o esforço de
reprodução da ideologia dominante quanto seu desmascaramento. [...] não poderia
ser a educação só uma ou só outra dessas coisas. [...] É um erro decretá-la
como tarefa apenas reprodutora da ideologia dominante como erro tomá-la como
uma força de desocultação da realidade, a atuar livremente, sem obstáculos e
duras dificuldades”.</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">FREIRE, Paulo. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pedagogia da
autonomia</i>: Saberes necessários à prática educativa. São Paulo: Paz e Terra,
1996, p. 98-99. – Adaptado.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No
texto acima, o fato de a educação ser concebida como uma prática que une em si
reprodução e desmascaramento da ideologia dominante, filosoficamente, manifesta
uma <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">incoerência, que desobedece ao princípio lógico de não contradição. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">posição dialética, que concebe os processos sociais como contraditórios.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">concepção mecanicista, em que forças exteriores se opõem e se chocam. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ideação moral subjetiva, que atua no sentido contrário à realidade dada.
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">2.
(Uem 2021) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“Thomas Kuhn considera que a história da ciência é
feita de descontinuidades e de rupturas radicais [e] designa os momentos de
ruptura e de criação de novas teorias com a expressão <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">revolução científica</i>.” A revolução “acontece quando o cientista
descobre que o paradigma disponível não consegue explicar um fenômeno ou um
fato novo, sendo necessário produzir um outro paradigma, até então inexistente
e cuja necessidade não era sentida pelos investigadores.”</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(CHAUÍ, M. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Convite à filosofia</i>.
14ª ed. São Paulo: Ática, 2011. pág. 281.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sobre
paradigma e revolução científica, assinale o que for correto. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 17.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 17pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">01)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Para Thomas Kuhn, um bom exemplo de revolução científica é a mudança na
explicação do sistema solar de geocêntrico, atribuída a Ptolomeu, para o
heliocêntrico, atribuída a Copérnico. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 17.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 17pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">02)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A descontinuidade na ciência é a sucessão histórica de teorias
científicas que possuem princípios, conceitos, métodos e conhecimentos
completamente diferentes. Por exemplo, a geometria euclidiana é diferente da
geometria contemporânea. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 17.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 17pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">04)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Gaston Bachelard contesta a ideia de que há descontinuidade e rupturas
epistemológicas nas ciências, pois duas ciências, apesar de historicamente
sucessivas, desde que atuem no mesmo campo semântico, não podem ser completamente
diferentes, mas ampliadas progressivamente. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 17.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 17pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">08)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Karl Popper se opõe à noção de descontinuidade nasciências afirmando que
a “falseabilidade” de uma teoria científica (a possibilidade de ser falsa), com
o surgimento de fatos novos, é um critério que garante o progresso de uma
ciência. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 17.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 17pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -17pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">16)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Para Paul K. Feyerabend, o empirismo moderno é a tendência que instaura
o método experimental como o único que assegura às ciências um progresso
constante a partir da experiência como fundamento de um conhecimento sólido e
seguro da realidade. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">3.
(Pucpr 2019) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Em seu texto <i>A Crise na Educação</i>, Hannah
Arendt afirma que a ideia de novidade e do “novo” para a educação acarreta em
uma série de problemas em decorrência da confusão entre o âmbito da educação e
o âmbito da política. Conforme escreve Arendt: “O papel desempenhado pela
educação em todas as utopias políticas, a partir dos tempos antigos, mostra o
quanto parece natural iniciar um novo mundo com aqueles que são por nascimento
e por natureza novos. No que toca à política, isso implica obviamente um grave
equívoco: ao invés de juntar-se aos seus iguais, assumindo o esforço de
persuasão e correndo o risco do fracasso, há a intervenção ditatorial, baseada
na absoluta superioridade do adulto, e a tentativa de produzir o novo como um <i>fait
accompli</i>, isto é, como se o novo já existisse”.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">De
acordo com os seus conhecimentos sobre o tema e baseando-se no texto
mencionado, é CORRETO afirmar que </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">para Hannah Arendt, o entusiasmo extraordinário pelo que é novo se
apresenta como um dos pontos centrais da crise na educação, uma vez que não é
ensinado às crianças a ideia de que o mundo, a história e a tradição são
anteriores a elas e que é pela compreensão desses elementos que estas podem vir
a tornar-se cidadãs bem preparadas. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a crise na educação, segundo Hannah Arendt, não tem nenhuma relação e nenhuma
consequência para a política, uma vez que o âmbito da educação e o âmbito da
política são completamente separados e a formação de uma criança não tem nenhum
impacto na formação dos cidadãos. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">para a filósofa, a ideia de novidade no âmbito da educação é uma grande
ilusão, porque as crianças nunca poderão habitar ou criar um mundo novo e
sempre estarão inteiramente presas ao passado e ao mundo em que habitam. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">segundo pondera Hannah Arendt, a falta de autoridade é um dos pontos
centrais da crise na educação, de tal maneira que a ideia do “novo” no âmbito
da educação teria como consequência o apagamento de toda hierarquia e
produziria uma sociedade anárquica. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">conforme Hannah Arendt, o mundo pré-existente não deve ser levado em
conta no que diz respeito à educação das crianças, pois, uma vez que as
próprias crianças são novas no mundo, não é necessário reproduzir os valores e
ensinamentos anteriormente existentes. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 35.4pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">4. (Pucpr 2018) </span></b><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Leia o texto a seguir. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 35.4pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Esta é a situação básica do homem. O
mundo é criado por mãos humanas para servir de casa aos humanos durante um
tempo limitado. Porque o mundo é feito por mortais, ele é perecível. Porque os
seus habitantes estão continuamente a mudar, o mundo corre o risco de se tornar
tão mortal como eles. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 35.4pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Para preservar o mundo contra a
mortalidade dos seus criadores e habitantes, é necessário constantemente
restabelecê-los de novo. O problema é saber como educar de forma a que essa
recolocação continue a ser possível, ainda que, de forma absoluta, nunca possa
ser assegurada.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">ARENDT,
Hannah. A crise na educação. In: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Entre o
passado e o futuro</i>. Tradução Mauro W. Barbosa de Almeida. 5ª ed. São Paulo:
Perspectiva, 2005.</span></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; tab-stops: 35.4pt; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">No trecho extraído do texto <i>A Crise
na Educação</i>, a filósofa Hannah Arendt tece considerações sobre o que ela
considera como uma das razões do problema educacional moderno. Para a autora,
essa questão passa por noções de conservadorismo, renovação, autoridade e tradição.
Com base no trecho apresentado e nos seus conhecimentos sobre o texto, assinale
a resposta CORRETA. <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Para Hannah Arendt, é preciso um mínimo de
conservadorismo para se garantir a produção de uma educação capaz de formar bem
as crianças, pois todo ensino baseia-se em apelo a uma tradição que deve servir
como base para o aparecimento do novo e do revolucionário. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Segundo considera a filósofa, a tradição não tem
nenhuma função na produção da educação, sendo que todo ensino deve ser, por
essência, revolucionário e inovador e os professores devem auxiliar os
estudantes a criar novos conteúdos sem cuidado com o passado. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Conforme pontua Hannah Arendt, o domínio da
educação tem de ser estritamente vinculado aos outros domínios públicos,
sobretudo com relação à vida política. O aprendizado só é possível por meio do
emprego de autoridade, sendo que o uso da autoridade deve servir como uma
ligação entre o meio educacional e o meio político. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A educação deve ter esperança na novidade de cada
nova geração. O respeito pelo passado não tem nenhuma utilidade para a
fundamentação de uma educação formadora e a tradição deve servir apenas como
uma oposição que deve ser combatida com vistas ao futuro.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">e)
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A crise na educação é decorrência de uma crise da
tradição, sendo que os valores sociais do passado devem ser impostos às
crianças por meio do uso da autoridade, buscando, assim, assegurar a
conservação das verdades já alcançadas nos tempos passados.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">5.
(Ufsj 2013) </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">“Os leitores de jornais dizem: este partido foi
destruído devido a esta ou aquela falta que cometeu. Minha política superior
contesta: um partido que comete esta ou aquela falta agoniza, não possui a
segurança do instinto”.</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Esse
comentário é emblemático e foi propalado por <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">a)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Joaquim Barbosa, ao condenar cinco réus na sua primeira leitura no
escândalo político do mensalão, que assombra o país desde 2005. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">b)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Friedrich Nietzsche, ao buscar a explicação para o erro da confusão
entre a causa e o efeito. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">c)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Jean-Paul Sartre, referindo-se ao partido comunista do início do século
XX. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">d)
</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Thomas Hobbes, ao defender o unipartidarismo absoluto. </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">6. (Unicamp 2017) “Muitos
políticos veem facilitado seu nefasto trabalho pela ausência da filosofia.
Massas e funcionários são mais fáceis de manipular quando não pensam, mas tão
somente usam de uma inteligência de rebanho. É preciso impedir que os homens se
tornem sensatos. Mais vale, portanto, que a filosofia seja vista como algo
entediante.”<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><div style="text-align: right;">Karl Jaspers, Introdução ao pensamento filosófico. São Paulo: Cultrix, 1976, p.140.</div></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Assinale a alternativa correta.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) O filósofo lembra que a filosofia tem um
potencial crítico que pode desagradar a políticos, poderosos e ao senso comum,
tal como ocorreu na Grécia em relação a Sócrates. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) A filosofia precisa ser entediante para
estimular o pensamento crítico, rigoroso e formar pessoas sensatas, a partir do
ensino de lógica, retórica e ética. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) A ditadura militar no Brasil retirou a
disciplina de filosofia das escolas por considerá-la subversiva, mas atenuou a
medida estimulando os Centros Populares de Cultura (CPC), ligados a entidades
estudantis. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 11.35pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 11.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.35pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Os políticos e a estrutura escolar não são
o verdadeiro obstáculo ao ensino de filosofia, mas a concepção de que ela é
difícil e tediosa, considerando-se que existem mecanismos para aproximá-la do
senso comum. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">7. (Ufsm 2013) A economia verde contém
os seguintes princípios para o consumo ético de produtos: a matéria-prima dos
produtos deve ser proveniente de fontes limpas e não deve haver desperdício dos
produtos. O Estado, entretanto, não impõe, até o presente momento, sanções
àqueles cidadãos que não seguem esses princípios.<br />
Considere as seguintes afirmações:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I. Esses princípios são juízos de fato.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II. Esses princípios são, atualmente, uma questão
de moralidade, mas não de legalidade.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III. A ética epicurista, a exemplo da economia
verde, propõe uma vida mais moderada.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 6pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Está(ão) correta(s)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) apenas I.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) apenas I e II.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) apenas III.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) apenas II e III.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) I, II e III.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">
<b>8. (Ufsj 2013) Sobre “as qualidades úteis da mente”, descritas por David
Hume, é CORRETO afirmar que<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) “são aquilo que se pode primeiramente
experimentar na arte de raciocinar”.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) “elas são retratadas no sentido vulgar, pois são
diametralmente opostas ao poder e ao bom senso ou razão”.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) “determinam que as virtudes, como a simpatia,
por exemplo, tenham a força ideal a posteriori para o bem-estar das sociedades
humanas”.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="font-family: Cambria, serif; font-size: 12pt;">d) “essas virtudes formam a principal parte da
moral”.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><b>
9. (Ufsj 2013) Ao declarar que “a moral e a religião pertencem inteiramente à
psicologia do erro”, Nietzsche pretendeu<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) destruir os caminhos que “a psicologia utiliza
para negar ou afirmar a moral e a religião”.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) criticar essa necessidade humana de se vincular
a valores e instituições herdados, já que “o Homem é forjado para um fim e como
tal deve existir”.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) denunciar o erro que tanto a moral quanto a
religião cometem ao confundir “causa com efeito, ou a verdade com o efeito do
que se considera como verdade”.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) comprovar que “a moral e a religião estão no
imaginário coletivo, mas para se instalarem enquanto verdade elas precisam ser
avalizadas por uma ciência institucionalizada”.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">10. (Unesp 2013) Por que as pessoas
fazem o bem? A bondade está programada no nosso cérebro ou se desenvolve com a
experiência? O psicólogo Dacher Keltner, diretor do Laboratório de Interações
Sociais da Universidade da Califórnia, em Berkeley, investiga essas questões
por vários ângulos e apresenta resultados surpreendentes.</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><br />
<br />
<b>Keltner – </b>O nervo vago é um feixe neural que se origina no topo da
espinha dorsal. Quando ativo, produz uma sensação de expansão confortável no
tórax, como quando estamos emocionados com a bondade de alguém ou ouvimos uma
bela música. Pessoas com alta ativação dessa região cerebral são mais propensas
a desenvolver compaixão, gratidão, amor e felicidade.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 6pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><br />
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Mente & Cérebro – <b>O que esse tipo de
ciência o faz pensar?</b><br />
</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 6pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><br />
</span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Keltner</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"> –
Ela me traz esperanças para o futuro. Que nossa cultura se torne menos
materialista e privilegie satisfações sociais como diversão, toque, felicidade
que, do ponto de vista evolucionário, são as fontes mais antigas de prazer.
Vejo essa nova ciência em quase todas as áreas da vida. Ensina-se meditação em
prisões e em centros de detenção de menores. Executivos aprendem que
inteligência emocional e bom relacionamento podem fazer uma empresa prosperar
mais do que se ela for focada apenas em lucros.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(www.mentecerebro.com.br. Adaptado.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">De acordo com a abordagem do cientista
entrevistado, as virtudes morais e sentimentos agradáveis<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) dependem de uma integração holística com o
universo.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) dependem de processos emocionais inconscientes.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) são adquiridos por meio de uma educação
religiosa.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) são qualidades inatas passíveis de estímulo
social.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) estão associados a uma educação filosófica
racionalista.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">
<b>11. (Ufsm 2013) Leonardo Boff define sustentabilidade do seguinte modo: Uma
ação é sustentável se, e somente se, ela é destinada a manter as condições
energéticas, informacionais, físico-químicas que sustentam todos os seres,
especialmente a Terra viva, a comunidade de vida e a vida humana, visando à sua
continuidade e ainda atender as necessidades da geração presente e das futuras,
de tal forma que o capital natural seja mantido e enriquecido em sua capacidade
de regeneração, reprodução e coevolução.<br />
Considere as seguintes afirmações:</b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">I. Atender as necessidades da geração presente é
condição necessária, mas não suficiente, para haver sustentabilidade.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">II. Atender as necessidades da geração futura é
condição suficiente, mas não necessária, para haver sustentabilidade.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">III. Manter o capital natural é condição necessária
e suficiente para haver sustentabilidade.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">
<b>Está(ão) correta(s)<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<span style="font-family: Cambria;">a) apenas I. <br />b) apenas II. <br />c) apenas III. <br />d) apenas I e II. <br />e) apenas II e III. <br /></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><b>12. (Ufpa 2012) “O mundo tal como o compreende Arendt (...) designa o
cenário onde comparecem gerações humanas completamente distintas. [Neste] Cada
geração tomaria emprestado dos objetos do trabalho sua durabilidade, a fim de
transmitir às vindouras suas mais preciosas e memoráveis experiências”.</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">FRANCISCO, M.P.S. “Preservar e renovar
o mundo”, in Revista Educação, Nº 4. São Paulo: Editora Seguimento, p. 33-34.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">
<b>Para que a transmissão desses objetos fabricados e dessas experiências
culturais vivenciadas entre as gerações das sociedades em geral, e da
brasileira em particular, chegue a bom termo é necessário:<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">I.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Um juízo comum sobre o que, em suas
experiências, é digno de ser salvo do esquecimento.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">II.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Que as gerações vindouras reconheçam as
experiências que lhe são transmitidas como preciosas também para si.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">III.</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Que
os artefatos humanos, que podem perdurar para além das gerações, tenham um
valor exclusivo para as gerações precedentes.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">IV.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Que as funções da tradição saibam relacionar as
experiências que julgam valiosas para si, cuja inteligibilidade só possa ser
reconhecida verdadeiramente pela geração que as vivenciou.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 6pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><br />
</span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As afirmativas corretas são<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a)
I e II.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b)
I e III.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c)
I e IV.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d)
II e III.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e)
III e IV.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><br />
<b>13. (Unesp 2011) Crianças que passam o dia sob controle de pais, babás e professores,
com a agenda lotada de atividades, agora têm também suas brincadeiras da hora
de recreio dirigidas por adultos. Cada vez mais colégios particulares adotam o
chamado “recreio dirigido”, na tentativa de resgatar formas saudáveis de
brincar em grupos. Alguns educadores, porém, temem que a prática se torne mais
uma maneira de controlar uma geração que já desfruta de pouca autonomia. Em uma
das escolas, “o objetivo é melhorar a integração, desenvolver a autonomia”, diz
a orientadora do colégio. Para uma antropóloga, esse tipo de proposta acaba
podando a iniciativa das crianças. “Elas estão sempre sendo direcionadas, ficam
esperando que alguém diga o que é melhor fazer, perdem autonomia”.<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: right;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 8pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">(Luciana Alvarez. O Estado de S.Paulo,
13.02.2011. Adaptado.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 6pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><br />
</span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Sobre o texto, é correto afirmar:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os profissionais da área pedagógica
possuem critérios consensuais para definir os meios mais adequados para
desenvolver a autonomia das crianças.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">Os críticos do recreio dirigido apontam riscos de heteronímia,
implícitos nessa prática pedagógica.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">A prática adotada pelos colégios
particulares pressupõe uma rígida demarcação entre atividades de aprendizagem e
atividades lúdicas.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">As escolas abordadas na reportagem evidenciam uma
dedicação especializada nas dimensões intelectuais do processo de aprendizagem,
em detrimento dos aspectos emocionais.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">O recreio dirigido é criticado por
alguns profissionais por seu teor de enfraquecimento da escola como instituição
de controle.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">14. (Ufma 2006) Nos últimos anos,
observa-se a presença considerável de questões ligadas à arte nas escolas
formais e informais. Isto se dá, segundo alguns teóricos que se ocupam do
discurso estético, porque a arte é uma forma de compreender e transformar a
realidade. Aponte qual alternativa reflete essa visão.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">a) A arte conduz o espírito humano a uma forma de
vida completamente destituída de interesses materiais e sociais.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">b) Muitos artistas contribuíram para grandes
transformações sociais, provocando a supervalorização econômica das obras de
arte.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">c) O discurso estético tem a capacidade de atrair
as pessoas, porque lida fundamentalmente com a perspectiva de harmonia e
beleza.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">d) Conhecendo a arte de cada época, as sociedades
presentes têm melhores condições de decidir quanto à tendência estética atual.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Cambria",serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR;">e) Há uma função pedagógica da arte que é traduzida
pela ideia de que ela leva a conhecer o que escapa ao discurso da ciência e de
outras linguagens discursivas.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.portaldovestibulando.com/2023/01/filosofia-da-educacao-lista-de_21.html" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="55" data-original-width="266" height="55" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDFxoalBWnLSj8Rrgy3UftggAFP0eQCAsswisNlbzKQxKPXsR5Ys6sLYE6QahjP8LWo9dmJesoVnHHGda-SXHXHSy__zwnDXRmMpdYLspUnYSc8ANHY--lMiJQjx71SL7sXgwEPuTmb7MjcC9j-Z4Et4hyyGC8G9KvVnPipGLcIkh1wj7HwwLTduneXg/s1600/Gabarito.png" width="266" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.mediafire.com/file/sbvs4ib3cvdi58x/Filosofia+da+Educação+-+Lista+de+Exercícios.pdf/file" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><br /><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPQcMHNFUfyxk_j6N45bk077Ef7Z3jMWNY-X7PGpFiprYn6o4SprQIFuw_GDMTOv69CVFdEE20pbxaUOfo5YWHb5HBszaAd2IgpGNkk_YZ4eog-mzbBYUVoaQtuQDJhnUr6JISOAaXQO8OSkhRSCzkKXNVkRbQ5rqQOozwn3VdlkHqmOCeUDZ0t9Uv0g/s1600/Lista%20de%20exerc%C3%ADcios.png" width="275" /></a></div><br />Portal do Vestibulandohttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03466686065222700679noreply@blogger.com0